一、理论知识

　　1. 直译法

　　• honeymoon\mad cow disease\hot line\ talk show\gene therapy\chain reaction

　　• bull’s eye

　　• bicycle people

　　• milky way

　　靶心、骑自行车的人、银河

　　2. 意译

　　• as timid as hare 胆小如兔

　　• day student 白天的学生

　　• in the dark 在黑暗中

　　• cash crops 现金庄稼

　　胆小如鼠、走读生、一无所知、经济作物

　　• he had one foot in the grave.

　　他已经有一只脚踏进坟墓了

　　他已经是风烛残年了

　　• the medicinal herb helps a cough.

　　这种草药帮助咳嗽

　　这种草药可以治疗咳嗽

　　理解、表达(直译结合意译)、校对

　　二、词

　　1. 根据词性确定词义

　　• the earth is not completely round.

　　• let’s go into the hall and have a look round.

　　• they are dancing in a round.

　　• he worked round the day.

　　• the boy’s eyes rounded with excitement.

　　• 圆的 形容词

　　• 转一转 副词

　　• 一圈 名词

　　• 一整天 介词

　　• 睁得圆圆的 动词

　　2. 根据上下文确定词义

　　• the story of their sufferings moved us deeply.

　　• work on the new building is moving quickly.

　　• the government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.

　　• she moves in the highest circles of society.

　　• unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.

　　• 打动

　　• 进展

　　• 改变

　　• 生活

　　• 采取措施

　　3. 根据汉语表达习惯确定词义

　　• i think your suggestion will work.

　　• the new treatment works like magic.

　　• my watch doesn’t work.

　　• the sea works high.

　　• she worked her way to the front.

　　• the new regulation is working well.

　　• 行得通

　　• 疗效

　　• 走

　　• 汹涌起伏

　　• 挤到

　　• 执行

　　4. 通过抽象化加以引申

　　• they have their smiles and tears.

　　微笑和眼泪

　　• we insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.

　　单行道

　　• i have no head for mathematics.

　　没有头脑

　　• 欢乐与悲哀

　　• 有来无往

　　• 没有天赋

　　5. 通过具体化加以引申

　　• the car in front of me stopped, and i missed the green.

　　绿色 绿灯

　　• perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.

　　麻烦 缺点

　　6. 增加原文中省略的部分

　　• reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

　　• a fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.

　　• without a sense of your fault, how can repentance an amendment be expected?

　　• students should learn from teachers and vice versa.

　　• 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确

　　• 愚人会很快忘记说过的话,智者会很快放弃手里的钱

　　• 如果你对自己的错误都不能认识到,怎么能指望你悔改呢

　　• 学生应该向老师学习,老师也应该向学生学习

　　7. 从语法角度去省略

　　• the significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.

　　• it is the people who are really powerful.

　　• if winter comes, can spring be far behind?

　　• on july 1, 1997, hong kong returned to the people’s republic of china.

　　• delivery must be affected within the time stated on the purchase order.

　　• 人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西

　　• 人民才是最强大的

　　• 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

　　• 1997年7月,香港回归了中华人民共和国

　　• 必须在购货单规定的时间交货

　　8. 重复法

　　• this has been our position—but not theirs.

　　• we talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other—of everything.

　　• he hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

　　• 这一直是我们的立场—而不是他们的立场

　　• 我们谈到自己,谈到前途,谈到旅程,谈到天气,谈到彼此的情况—谈到所有的一切事情

　　• 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且藐视别人的失败

　　三、句

　　1. 主语从句

　　• whatever is worth doing should be done well.

　　• 任何值得做的事情都应该做好

　　• it is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

　　• 真奇怪,他竟然没有看出自己的缺点

　　2. 宾语从句

　　• i told him that BECause of the last condition, i’d have to turn it down.

　　• 我告诉他,由于那最后一个条件,我只得谢绝

　　• we consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the outside world.

　　• 打开国门,实行开放,我们认为这是绝对必要

　　3. 表语从句

　　• the question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.

　　• 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持

　　• his view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.

　　• 他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反对他

　　4. 同位语从句

　　• we know the fact that bodies possess weight.

　　• 我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实

　　• we have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.

　　• 我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准

　　5. 定语从句

　　• he who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.

　　• i told the story to winson, who told it to his brother.

　　• it is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.

　　6. 状语从句

　　• 时间状语从句

　　directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.

　　他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来

　　• 原因状语从句

　　we had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent.

　　由于很多人没有来,会议只好延期

　　• 条件状语从句

　　it was better in case they were captured.

　　要是把他们抓到了,那就更好了

　　• 让步状语从句

　　no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks i’m wrong.

　　不管我说什么,也不管我怎么说,他总是认为我错了

　　• 目的状语从句

　　he emphasized it again and again, lest she should forget.

　　他反复强调这一点,免得她忘记了

　　• 结果状语从句

　　the difference is such that all will perceive it.

　　差别这么大,所有的人都看得出来

　　四个维度

　　对英语原文理解的深度

　　自身的汉语修养程度

　　对英语、汉语所在的两种文化、历史、风土人情等的正确掌握

　　需要真正摆脱原文束缚，遣词造句尽量贴近原文，同时还要按照汉语习惯来表达英语原文的内容