四、平行结构
在GMAT句子改错题里，还有一种韪也归于平行结构，即句子前半部以某种方式构成，句子的后半部也以上述同样的方式构成。
1． The root systems of most flowering perennials either become too crowded, which results in loss of vigor, and spread too far outward, producing a bar e center.
A） which results in loss of vigor, and spread
B） resulting in loss of vigor, or spreading
C） with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading
D） resulting in loss of vigor, or spread
E） with a resulting loss of vigor, and spread
2． The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock in clude sudden downturns n the market, hedging and other investor strategies for preventing losses, loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.
A） loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized
B） loosening the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized
C） a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized
D） a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the stillundercapitalized company
E） a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear that the company may still be undercapitalized
3.the Puritan was composed of two different men; the one all self-abasement and penitence; the other proud and inflexible.
A） the one all self-abasement and penitence
B） one of them all self-abasement and penitence
C） the one self-abasing and penitent
D） the one self-abasement and penitence
E） self-abasing and penitent
4.the financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world's capital markets are integrated more closely than never before and events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village-almost instantaneously.
A） integrated more closely than never before and
B） closely integrated more than ever before so
C） more closely integrated as never before while
D） more closely integrated than ever before and that
E） more than ever before closely integrated as
5. The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was normal.
A） to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was
B） to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was
C） either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being
D） either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects' none of the pregnancies was
E） either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, with out and of their pregnancies being
6. To read of Abigail Adam's lengthy separation from her family, her difficult travels, and her constant battles with illness is to feel intensely how harsh life was even for the so-called aristocracy of Revolutionary times.
A） To read of
B） Reading about
C） Having read about
D） Once one reads of
E） To have read of
7. Minimum wage legislation has been controversial since its inception: itsproponents argue that the people who are most economically vulnerable are safeguarded from being exploited, while other critics argue it leads to people being unemployed.
A） the people who are most economically vulnerable are safeguarded from being exploited, while other critics argue it leads to people being unemployed.
B） the people safeguarded from being exploited are the most economically vulnerable, whereas the critics argue it leads to people being unemployed
C） it is safeguard so that the most economically vulnerable are not exploited, whereas the critics contend that it is a cause of unemployment
D） it safeguards the most economically vulnerable from exploitation, while its critics contend that it is a cause of unemployment
E） it has safeguarded the people who are most economically vulnerable from being exploited, while its critics contend that it leads to people being unem ployed
8. Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously thought, property owners are being advised by authorities to test all dwellings below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.
A） property owners are being advised by authorities
B） property owners are advised by authorities that they should
C） authorities are advising property owners to
D） authorities are advising property owners they
E） authorities' advice to property owners is they should
9.When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products.
A） and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage
B） and establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain able to be grown by farmers and encouraging
C） establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage
D） to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging
E） to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage
10. Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious were the rise of the Wahhabs in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli “mujtahids” in Shiite Iran and Iraq.
A） Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious were the rise of the Wahhabs in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
B） Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of reli gious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Suddaan, and also
C） In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeriam the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
D） In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancywere shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and
E） In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in
11. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound awarning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites. （ O.P.297）
A） acting as sentinels and to sound
B） acting as sentinels and sounding
C） to act as sentinels and sound'
D） to act as sentinels and to sound
E） to act as a sentinel sounding
12. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by equipment, such as lights, that are visible ad must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters. （O.P.298）
A） equipment, such as lights, that are visible ad must be turned on and off and underestimate that
B） equipment, such as lights that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
C） equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
D） visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that
E） visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and und erestimate it when
13. The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions typically sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works.（ O.P.301）
A） sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly
B） sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved
C） did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly
D） did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved
E） did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved
14. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show. （ O.P . 311）
A） excited
B） it excited
C） exciting
D） would excite
E） it had excited
15. The current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness. （O.P.314）
F） being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing
G） worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exports
H） worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports
I） in that they were worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exports
J） because of its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exports
16. The most common reasons for an employee's unwillingness to accept a transfer are that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and the difficulty of selling the old home.（O.P.315）
A） that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and the difficulty of selling the old home
B） that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and that it is difficult of sell the old home
C） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and that the old home is difficult to sell
D） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and it is difficult to sell the old home
E） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and the difficulty of selling the old home
17. A study commissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exercise and associated with other calve, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do those raised in confinement. （O.P.323）
A） associated with other calve, they will require less medication and gain weight quicker than do
B） associated with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight quicker than
C） associate with other calves, they required less medication and will gain weight quicker than do
D） associate with other calves, they have required less medication and will gain weight more quickly than do
E） associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight more quickly than
18.Displays of the aurora borealis, or “ northern lights,” can heat the at mosphere over the arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts in some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines.（O.P.328）
A） to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce
B） that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce
C） that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces
D） that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected and induces
E） to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce
19.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as a person standing on land.（O.P. 330）
A） water as a
B） water as to a
C） water; just as it would to a
D） water, as it would to the
E） water; just as to the
20. Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuation in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth's crust , changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground rocks. （O.P.326）
A） changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying
B） changing measurements fo the strain across a fault zone, and varying
C） changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of
D） changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in
E） changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variations among
21. Some analysts contend that true capitalism exists only when the ownership of both property and the means of production is regarded as an inalienable right of an individual's, and it is not a license granted by government and revocable at whim. （O.P. 327）
A） is regarded as an inalienable right of an individual's, and it is not
B） are regarded as individuals' inalienable rights, and that it not be
C） is regarded as an individual's inalienable right, not as
D） are regarded as an individual's inalienable rights, not when they are
E） is regarded as the inalienable rights of an individual, not when it is
22. Europe's travel industry is suffering as a result of a sluggish economy, a stretch of bad weather, as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent.（ Z.P.91）
A） as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that is persistent
B） and the chilling effect of terrorist activity that is persistent
C） but persistent terrorist activity has had a chilling effect too
D） and the chilling effects of persistent terrorist activity
E） as well as the chilling effects of terrorist activity that persists
23. It is a special feature of cell aggregation if the developing nervous system that in most regions of the brain the cells not only adhere to one another and also adopt some preferential orientation. （Z.P.100）
A） to one another and also adopt
B） one to the other, and also they adopt
C） one to the other , but also adopting
D） to one another but also adopt
E） to each other , also adopting
24. Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land , the pressure of housing and commercial development, and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.（Z.P.101）
A） basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California
B） basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida and California
C） basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida and California
D） a marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California
E） a marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and California as its base
25. Satre believed each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one, that it is the choice that gives value to the act, and that nothing that is not acted upon has value. （ Z.P.107）
A） each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one
B） that each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another
C） that each individual is responsible, choosing one course of action over the other
D） that each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over the other
E） each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over other ones
26. While he owner of a condominium apartment has free and clear title to the dwelling, owners of cooperative apartments have shares in a corporation that owns a building and leases apartments to them. （ Z.P.107）
A） While he owner of a condominium apartment has free and clear title to the dwelling
B） The owner of a condominium apartment has free and clear title to the dwelling, but
C） Whereas owners of condominium apartments have free and clear title to their dwellings,
D） An owner of a condominium apartment has free and clear title to the dwelling, whereas
E） Condominium apartment owners have a title to their dwelling that is free and clear, while
27. A fire in an enclose space burns with the aid of reflected radiation that preheats the fuel, making ignition much easier and flames spreading mire quickly. （Z.P.111）
A） flames spreading
B） flames spreads
C） flames are caused to spread
D） causing flames to spread
E） causing spreading of the flames
28. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a late nineteenth-century feminist, called for urban apartment houses including child-care facilities and clustered suburb an houses including communal eating and social facilities.（Z.P.115）
A） including communal eating and social facilities
B） that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
C） with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
D） that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities
E） to include child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities included
29. The lawyer for the defense charged that she suspected the police of having illegally taped her confidential conversation with her client and then used the information obtained to find evidence supporting their murder charges . （Z.P.118）
A） used the information obtained to find evidence supporting
B） used such information as they obtained to find evidence supporting
C） used the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
D） of using the information they had obtained to find evidence that would support
E） of using such information as they obtained to find evidence hat would be supportive of
30.South Korea has witnessed the world's most dramatic growth of Christian congregations; church membership is expanding by 6.6 percent a year, fully two-thirds of the growth coming from conversions rather than the population increasing. （ Z.P.123）
A） coming from conversions rather than the population increasing
B） coming from conversions rather than increases in the population
C） coming from conversions instead of the population increasing
D） Is from conversions instead of population increases
E） Is from conversions rather than increasing the population
31. The medieval scholar made almost no attempt to investigate the anatomy of plants, their mechanisms of growth, nor the ways where each was related to the other. （Z.P.127）
A） nor the ways where each was related to the other
B） nor how each was related to some other
C） or the way where one is related to the next
D） or the ways in which they are related to one another
E） or the ways that each related to some other
32. The major national leaders consulted consider solar power economically infeasible at present but that it will be so in the future. （Z.P.130）
A） that it will be so
B） that it would be so
C） believe that it will be so
D） believe that it will be economically feasible
E） believe that economic feasibility will be achieved
33. Most bacterial populations grown in controlled conditions will quickly expand to the limit of the food supply, produce toxic waste products that inhibit further growth, and reached an equilibrium state within a relatively short time. （Z.P.134）
A） produce toxic waste products that inhibit further growth, and reached anequilibrium state within a relatively short time
B） will have produced toxic waste products that inhibit further growth and also will reach an equilibrium state within a relatively short time
C） will then produce a toxic waste product that inhibit further growth and thus reached an equilibrium state in a very short time
D） produce toxic waste products that inhibit further growth, and reach equilibrium
E） produce toxic waste products that inhibit further growth, and reach an equilibrium state in a fairly prompt way
34. Many people mistakenly believe that the body's nutritional requirements remain the same irregardless of the quantity and form of other nutrients in gested, physical activity and emotional state. （Z.P.135）
A） irregardless of the quantity and form of other nutrients ingested, physical activity and emotional state
B） irregardless of the other nutrients, physical activity and emotional state
C） regardless of the quantity of nutrients or physical exercise or emotional excitation
D） regardless of the quantity or form of nutrients or physical exercise and emotional statement
E） regardless of the quantity or form of other nutrients ingested, physical activity or emotional state
35. It could be argued that the most significant virtue of a popular democracy is not the right to participate in the selection of leaders, but rather that it affirms our importance in the scheme of things. （Z.P.137）
A） but rather that it affirms
B） but rather its affirmation of
C） but rather it's affirmation in terms of
D） but instead of that, its affirming that
E） affirming rather
36. Henry Wadsworth Long fellow was a professor of Modern Languages at Harvard, at the same time also one of America's greatest poets. （Z.P.140）
A） Harvard, at the same time also one of America's greatest poets
B） Harvard, and at the same time was also one of America's greatest poets.
C） Harvard, at the same time as he was one of America's greatest poets.
D） Harvard, at the same time that be had been one of America's greatest poets.
E） Harvard, being one of America's greatest poets at the same time.
37. In three centuries – from 1050 – several million tons of stone were quarried in France f for the building of eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and some tens of thousands of parish churches. （ Z.P.156）
A） for the building of eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and some
B） in order that they might build eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and some
C） so as they might build eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and some
D） so that there could be built eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and
E） such that they could build eighty cathedrals, five hundred large churches, and
38. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show. （ z.P 159）
A） excited
B） it excited
C） exciting
D） would excite
E） it had excited
38. The current administration being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness. （Z.P.162）
A） being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing
B） worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exports
C） worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports
D） in that they were worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exports
E） because of its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exports
39. From the earliest days of the tribe, kinship determined the way in which the Ojibwa society organized its labor, provided access to its resources, and defined rights and obligations involved in the distribution and consumption of those resources. （Z.P.163）
A） and defined rights and obligations involved in the distribution and consumption of those resources
B） defining rights and obligations involved in their distribution and consumption
C） and defined rights and obligations as they were involved in its distribution and consumption
D） whose rights and obligations were defined in their distribution and consumption
E） the distribution and consumption of them defined by rights and obligations
40. The most common reasons for an employee's unwillingness to accept a transfer are that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, ad the difficulty of selling the old home. （Z.P.165）
A） that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and the difficulty of selling the old home
B） that mortgage rates are high, housing in the new location costs more, and that it is difficult to sell the old home
C） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and that the old home is difficult to sell
D） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and it is difficult to sell the old home
E） high mortgage rates, the greater cost of housing in the new location, and the difficulty of selling the old home
41. Displays of the aurora borealis, or “northern lights,” can heat the at mosphere over the arctic enough to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce electric currents that can cause blackouts In some areas and corrosion in north-south pipelines. （ Z.P.171）
A） to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induce
B） that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected, induce
C） that it affects the trajectories of ballistic missiles, induces
D） that the trajectories of ballistic missiles are affected an induces
E） to affect the trajectories of ballistic missiles and induce
42. Geologists believe tat the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deforma tions of the Earth's crust, changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying the electrical properties of underground rocks. （Z.P.173）
A） changing the measured strain across a fault zone, and varying
B） changing measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and varying
C） changing the strain as measured across a fault zone, and variations of
D） changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in
E） changes in measurements of the strain across a fault zone, and variationsamong
KEYS:
1.D either…or, neither …nor, not only…but, and ,or,等都可视为并列信号，它们所连接的部分在词不达意类上和语法功能上通常应是相同的2.E 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.E 10.E 11.B 12.D 13.C 14.C 15.C 16. E 17.E 18.E 19.B 20. D 21.C 22.D 23.D 24. D 25. B 26.C 27.D 28.D 29. D 30.B 31.D 32.D 33.D 34.E 35.B 36.B 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.A 41. E 42. D