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考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记二

发布时间: 2008-11-26 22:49:49 作者: dw1209

TEXT 3
  During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
  In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two paycheck status.As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.This "added worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise stay at home partner.
  During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.For younger families, the picture is not any better.Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
  From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
  31. Today’s double income families are at greater financial risk in that
  [A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
  [B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
  [C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
  [D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
  32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have
  [A] a higher sense of security.
  [B] less secured payments.
  [C] less chance to invest.
  [D] a guaranteed future.
  33. According to the author, health savings plans will
  [A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
  [B] popularize among the middle class.
  [C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
  [D] increase the families’ investment risk.
  34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
  [A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
  [B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
  [C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
  [D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
  35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?
  [A] The Middle Class on the Alert
  [B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
  [C] The Middle Class in Conflict
  [D] The Middle Class in Ruins

absolute2 a.绝对的,完全的
  absorb3 v.①吸收;②吸引,使专心
  account22 n.①账(目,户);②叙述,说明;③价值,地位;v.(for)①说明,解释;②占;③(take into)考虑;顾及
  airline1 n.①航线;②航空公司
  alert1 a.①警惕的;②机灵的
  assistance2 n.帮助,援助
  attendant1 n.①服务员,值班员;②护理人员
  author69 n.①作者;②创始人
  auto2 n.汽车
  being9 n.①生物,人;②存在,生存
  budget4 n.预算;v.做预算
  campaign4 n.①战役;②运动;vi.从事活动
  challenge10 n.①挑战(书);②艰巨任务,难题;v.向...挑战
  cliff1 n.悬崖,峭壁
  compensate5 v.(for)补偿,赔偿
  conflict3 n.①战斗,斗争;②抵触,冲突;v.(with)抵触,冲突
  critic7 n.批评家,评论家
  debate8 v./n.争论,辩论
  depend16 v.(on)取决于,依靠,信赖,相信
  deprive2 v.夺去,使丧失
  disappear4 v.不见,消失
  dose2 n.剂量,一服,一剂;v.(给...)服药
  economic23 a.经济(上)的,经济学的
  economics5 n.经济学;经济情况
  elderly1 a.过了中年的,稍老的
  employee7 n.雇工,雇员
  fair9 a.①公平的,合理的;②相当的,尚好的;③晴朗的;④金发的;n.集市,交易会,博览会
  fashionable2 a.流行的,时髦的
  fell1 v.砍倒,砍伐
  financial11 a.财政的,金融的
  guarantee5 n.保证,保证书;v.保证,担保
  harsh3 a.①粗糙的,刺耳的;②残酷的,严厉的
  implication6 n.含意,暗示
  infer21 v.推论,推断
  insurance6 n.保险,保险费,保险业
  invest4 v.投资
  investment11 n.投资,投资额
  model8 n.①样式,型;②模范,典型;③模型;④原型,模特;v.(on,after)模仿,构造
  odds1 n.①不平等,差异;②机会
  opportunity11 n.机会
  parachute1 n.降落伞;v.跳伞
  paragraph66 n.①段,节;②小新闻,短评
  partner3 n.①合作者,合伙人;②伙伴,舞伴
  payment5 n.支付,付款额
  pension2 n.养老金,年金
  perspective3 n.①视角;②透视法;③(in ~)正确地
  physical7 a.①物质的,有形的;②肉体的,身体的;③自然科学的,物理的
  primary7 a.①最初的,初级的;②首要的,主要的,基本的
  rate31 n.①比率,率;②等级;③价格,费用;v.①估价;②评级,评价
  reality10 n.①现实,实际;②真实
  reform8 v./n.改革,改造,改良
  responsibility7 n.①责任,责任心;②职责,任务
  result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
  retire2 v.①退休,引退;②退却,撤退;③就寝
  risk14 v.冒...的危险;n.风险,危险
  saving3 n.①储蓄;②[pl.]储蓄金,存款
  scholar5 n.学者
  secure4 a.(from,against)安全的,可靠的,放心的;v.①得到,获得;②防护,保卫
  security8 n.安全
  sense16 n.①感官,官能;②感觉;③判断力;④见识;⑤意义,意思;v.感觉到,意识到
  setback3 n.退步,后退
  shift12 v.①替换,转移;②移动;n.①转换,转变;②(轮)班,(换)班
  shoulder2 n.肩,肩部;v.肩负,承担
  slip3 v.①滑,滑倒;②滑落,滑掉;③溜走;n.疏忽,小错,口误,笔误
  social38 a.①社会的;②社交的,交际的;n.社交活动
  spouse1 n.配偶(指夫或妻)保证人,主办人;vt.发起,主办;v.赞助
  status5 n.①地位,身份;②情形,状况
  stock9 n.①备料,库存,现货;②股票,公债;③无生命之物;④群,家庭,家系;v.储存
  stripe1 n.条纹
  tend26 v.①趋向,往往是;②照料,看护
  title6 n.①书名,标题;②头衔,称号
  transform5 v.①改变,变换;②变压;③转化;④改造
  unemployment4 n.失业,失业人数
  vulnerable3 a.易受攻击的,易受...的攻击
  acceleration2 n.加速度
  according47 ad.依照,根据
  deductible1 a.可扣除的
  demographic1 a.人口统计学的
  diagnosis1 n.诊断
  disability2 n.无能力,无资格
  disruption1 n.中断,分裂, 瓦解,破坏
  eightfold1 a.八倍的,八层的;ad.八倍地,八层地
  fallout1 n.降落,滑落
  financially2 ad.财政上,金融上
  fluctuation1 n.波动,起伏
  healthcare2 n.卫生保健
  indicator4 n.指示器
  legislative2 a.立法的,立法机关的;n.立法机关
  outlive2 vt.比...长寿
  outweigh1 v.超过
  overburden1 vt.不堪重负
  paycheck1 n.薪水
  policymaker1 n.决策人
  popularize1 v.普及
  solidly1 ad.坚硬地, 稳固地
  steelworker1 n.钢铁工人
  understandably1 ad.可理解地
  wholesale1 n.批发,趸售;a.批发的,(喻)大规模的

难句1
  During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
  [语法分析]本句主干结构为:the American middlelass family...has been transformed by...,family后面是一个定语从句修饰family;
  [本句难点]整句较长,主要是其中定语从句比较复杂;
  [方法对策]首先找出主句的主干,然后再分析从句结构,就可以把握本句了;
  [例句精译]在过去一代人中,美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济危机和新的现实所改变。过去他们曾经还能指望依靠艰苦工作和公平竞争来使自己在经济生活中获得安全保障。
  难句2
  As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
  [语法分析]本句主干为: ...they have lost the parachute...,其后是一个定语从句,破折号后面是一个同位语从句,其中又包含一个定语从句;
  [本句难点]句子结构比较复杂,需要仔细分析;
  [方法对策]首先分析出主句的主干,然后再依次分析其他从句,本句就不再难了;
  [例句精译]其结果是,他们失去一个他们过去在财政困难时可以依赖的保险伞--或者说是一个后备的挣钱者(通常指妻子):因为她可以出来参加工作,如果主要的挣钱者下了岗或生了病。
  难句3
  Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
  [语法分析]本句的主干结构为:Steelworks,...are joining millions of families...,families后面是一个who引导的定语从句。定语从句中,主语是who,谓语是worry about,宾语是三个并列短语,其后是that引导的定语从句修饰the harsh reality。
  [本句难点]从句中结构稍复杂;
  [方法对策]只要抓住句子主干就可以掌握大意,然后再分析其他成分即可;
  [例句精译]钢铁工人、空勤人员以及汽车工业的工作者都与数百万家庭一样,他们都在担心着银行的存款利息变化、股票市场的波动、以及他们的退休金可能不够使用这一残酷现实。
  难句4
  Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare.
  [语法分析]本句是由第二个and连接的两个并列句组成,句首的both和第一个and形成的both...and...结构是第一个分句的主干;第二个and后是第二个分句,包含:spread from...to...结构,其后with引导的成分说明newly fashionable healthavings plans的内容;
  [本句难点]整句比较长,且有两个and容易让考生迷惑;
  [方法对策]首先抓住第二个and这个连接词,明白这是两个并列分句,然后确定两个分句各自的主干,即可理解本句内容。
  [例句精译]医疗保健费用的绝对数目和各个家庭所分担的数目也都在上升,而一种新近流行起来的医疗费用节约计划也正在从上层立法大厅到底层沃尔玛的工人之间广泛铺开,这对千家万户未来的医疗保健意味着更大的风险。
  难句5
  From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
  [语法分析]本句的主干结构是:...much of this looks...like...an opportunity...and...a frightening acceleration...;
  [本句难点]整句比较长,句子结构复杂;
  [方法对策]通读全句,抓住主句主干,然后再分析其他成分;
  [例句精译]从中产阶级家庭的角度出发,可以理解的是,这与其说是一个承担更多经济责任的机会,倒还不如说更像把经济危险的整个转变以惊人的速度加在他们早已不堪重负的双肩上。
  31.[答案]C
  [解析]本文提到了美国中产阶级家庭,因国家经济衰落而要面临的巨大风险。本题目问:"今日这种夫妻双收入家庭会面临更大的财务风险是因为什么原因?"我们从前两段中可以看出:由于经济原因现在的夫妻双方都要出去找工作。这样,原来妻子在家里操持家务,同时万一丈夫生了病或者失业了也可以出去找工作以帮助家庭渡过难关的这把保险伞就没有了。所以选C。
  32.[答案]B
  [解析]众所周知,钱存在银行比较保险可以稳定拿利息,但是把钱投入股市或者用于创业风险要大很多,但一旦获益也比存银行要强很多。在去年的大多数时间里,布什总统一直致力于将社会保险体制转变成一种储蓄存款账户模式--要求退休人员将其大多数或全部有保障的收入变成必须依靠投资收益的收入。对于略为年轻的家庭来说,情况也好不到哪去。医疗的绝对费用和家庭必须承担的份额都在上升。这说明,退休人员的可靠收入可能更少。因此[B]为正确选项。
  33.[答案]D
  [解析]本题仍应从第三段中找,因为34题问"从末段中可以看出:?"因此,本题应在末段前的这一段内,本段提到了:healthaving plan are...of investment risk for families’ future healthcare .据此,我们判断可以选D。选项A、C原文均未提及。至于B(医疗费用节约计划将在)中产阶级中间得以推广与原文不符。原文谈到:医疗费用节约计划正在从上层立法院大厅到底层沃尔玛超市的员工之间广泛的铺开。
  34.[答案]C
  [解析]本题问"从末段可以看出什么?"我们仅从末段末句的总结中可看出作者想说的是:(美国)经济滑落已经开始了,那政治上的跌落可能不是很远了吧。
  35.[答案]B
  [解析]本题考查考生对全文内容的理解。文章第一段指出,中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了,如今,一个家庭可能在几个月之内从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成一个新贫困家庭,随后的段落介绍了造成这种现状的原因。这说明,本文主要是介绍中产阶层面临穷困问题的现象。因此选择[B]项。
在过去一代人中,美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济危机和新的现实所改变。过去他们曾经还能指望依靠艰苦工作和公平竞争来使自己在经济生活中获得安全保障。如今,一份解雇通知书,一个错误的判断或失去配偶都有可能在几个月之内使他们从稳固的中产阶级滑向新生的贫民阶层。
就在他们这代人中,成百万的女性参加了工作,改变了基本家庭经济结构。各种各样的学者们、政客们和批评家们还在辩论这件事的社会含义。但很少有人看待它的副作用:家庭的风险也随之上升。今日的家庭已经把两份收入这种预算状况推到了极致,毫无保留余地。其结果是,他们失去一个他们过去在财政困难时所可以依赖的保险伞--或者说是一个后备的挣钱者(通常指妻子):因为她可以出来参加工作,如果主要的挣钱者下了岗或生了病。这种"后备人员效应"可以支援"家庭安全网",再加上失业保险或残疾保险使家庭得以渡过难关。但是,今天一旦家中有了不测,再也无法从本应待在家中的那位后备者可以挣得的额外收入中得到补充。
  与此同时,家庭现在要承担退休收入方面的更多的风险。钢铁工人、空勤人员以及汽车工业的工作者等也加入了成百万的家庭,他们都在担心着银行的存款利息变化、股票市场的波动、以及他们的退休金可能不够使用这一残酷现实。去年,布什总统发起一场运动把人们固定的社保基金转为银行存款这种类型,由此,退休者们正在把他们有保障的收入变成取决于投资回报的钱财类型。对于年轻人组成的家庭来说,情况也好不到哪里去。医疗保健费用的绝对数目和各个家庭所分担的数目也都在上升,而一种新近流行起来的医疗费用节约计划也正在从上层立法大厅到底层沃尔玛的工人之间广泛铺开,这对千家万户未来的医疗保健意味着更大的风险。甚至人口学也正在对中产阶级家庭造成不利影响。家中有一个衰弱的老年父母,医疗看护费用在过去一代人的时间内上涨了八倍。
  从中产阶级家庭的角度出发,可以理解的是,这与其说是一个承担更多经济责任的机会,倒还不如说更像把经济危险的整个转变以吓人的速度加在他们早已过于不堪重负的双肩上。经济滑落己经开始了,政治上的跌落可能也不会很远了吧。
  31苯袢照庵址蚱匏份收入家庭会面临更大的财务风险是因为:
  [A]他们所曾经享有的那种安全网应经不复存在了。
  [B]他们两人下岗的机会增大了。
  [C]他们对家庭经济转变的抵抗力变得更加脆弱了。
  [D]他们被剥夺了失业保险或残疾保险。
  32弊魑布什总统改革的结果,退休人员可能有
  [A]更高的安全感。
  [B]更没有保障的收入。
  [C]更少的投资机会。
  [D]一个更加得到保障的未来。
  33卑凑兆髡呖捶ǎ医疗费用节约计划将
  [A]有助于减少医疗开支的费用。
  [B]在中产阶级中间得以推广。
  [C]对减少的退休金是一个补偿。
  [D]增加了家庭的投资风险。
  34贝幽┒沃锌赏坡鄢觯
  [A]财经风险可能超过政治风险。
  [B]中产阶级可能面临更大的政治挑战。
  [C]财经问题可能带来政治问题。
  [D]财经责任是一个人的政治地位标志。
  35毕铝心母鍪潜疚淖罴训谋晏猓
  [A]警觉的中产阶级
  [B]处于悬崖的中产阶级
  [C]冲突中的中产阶级
  [D]毁掉了的中产阶级

TEXT 4
  It never rains but it pours.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in business of every variety.
  Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
  "Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,"says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school."The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders".Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School."Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.
  The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
  The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray.That may change fast: lots of proposed data security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
  36. The statement: "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce
  [A] the fierce business competition.
  [B] the feeble boss board relations.
  [C] the threat from news reports.
  [D] the severity of data leakage.
  37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out
  [A] whether there is any weak point.
  [B] what sort of data has been stolen.
  [C] who is responsible for the leakage.
  [D] how the potential spies can be located.
  38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
  [A] shareholders’ interest should be properly attended to.
  [B] information protection should be given due attention.
  [C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
  [D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
  39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
  [A] see the link between trust and data protection.
  [B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
  [C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
  [D] appreciate the economic value of trust.
  40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
  [A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.
  [B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.
  [C] California takes the lead in security legislation.
  [D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
  ability15 n.①能力,智能;②才能,才干
  account22 n.①账(目,户);②叙述,说明;③价值,地位;v.(for)①说明,解释;②占;③(take into)考虑;顾及
  act11 v.①行动,做事;②(on)起作用;③表演;④(for)代表,代替;n.①行为,动作;②(一)幕;③法令,条例
  adequate3 a.足够的,充分的,恰当的
  affair2 n.事,事情,事件
  agenda2 n.议事日程
  application4 n.①请求,申请(书,表);②应用,运用;③施用,敷用
  appreciate3 v.①感谢,感激;②正确评价,欣赏,赏识
  asset2 n.资产,有用的东西
  attend5 v.①出席,参加;②(to)照顾,护理;③关注,注意
  attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
  author69 n.①作者;②创始人
  behalf5 n.利益,支持,好处
  board5 n.①板,纸板;②全体委员,委员会,部门;③伙食;船舷;v.上船(车,飞机)
  business36 n.①商业,生意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业,业务
  commission4 n.①委员会;②委任,委托(书),代办;③佣金,手续费
  competition16 n.①比赛;②竞争
  concept15 n.概念,观念,思想
  concern20 v.①涉及,关系到;②(常与with,about,in连用)关心,挂念;③担心,担忧;n.①(利害)关系;②关心,挂念;③担心,担忧
  corporation10 n.公司,企业,团体
  current7 n.①电流,水流,气流;②潮流,趋势;a.①当前的,现在的;②通用的,流行的,最近的
  data22 n.(datum的复数)资料,数据
  dim1 a.暗淡的,模糊的
  disclose2 v.揭示,泄露
  diverse3 a.多种多样的,(from)不同的
  economic23 a.经济(上)的,经济学的
  emphasize6 v.强调
  employee7 n.雇工,雇员
  encourage13 v.鼓励,怂恿
  enhance7 v.提高,增强
  essential11 a.①(to)必要的,必不可少的;②本质的,基本的;n.①本质,要点;②必需品
  executive6 n.总经理,董事,行政负责人;a.执行的,实施的
  federal14 a.联邦的
  feeble1 a.虚弱的,无力的
  fierce3 a.①凶猛的,残忍的;②激烈的,强烈的
  firm14 a.①坚固的,稳固的;②坚决的,坚定的;n.公司,商号
  gasp1 n.喘息,气喘;v.①喘息;②气吁吁地说
  headline3 n.大字标题
  infer21 v.推论,推断
  information44 n.①通知,报告;②情报,信息
  intricate1 a.错综复杂的,复杂精细的
  investment11 n.投资,投资额
  issue18 v.①流出,放出;②发行,发表,颁布;n.①发行(物),(报刊)期号;②问题,争论点,争端
  justify8 v.证明...是正当的,为...辩护
  lead21 v.①领导,引导;②领先,占首位;③(to)通向,导致,引起;④经验,过(生活);n.带领,引导;n.铅
  legal11 a.①法律的,法定的;②合法的,正当的
  legislation4 n.①立法;②法规
  link9 v.连接,联系;n.环节,链环
  locate3 v.①查找;②使...坐落于,位于
  major11 a.(较)大的,(较)重要的;n.①专业,主修科目;②专业学生;③少校;v.(in)主修,专攻
  management11 n.①经营,管理;②管理部门
  massive3 a.①巨大的;大规模的;②严重的
  mystery2 n.①神秘,神秘的事物;②神秘小说,侦探小说
  nasty2 a.①肮脏的,卑劣的,下流的;②令人厌恶的
  obvious13 a.明显的,显而易见的
  odd5 a.①奇数的,单的;②奇怪的,古怪的;③单只的,不成对的;④临时的,不固定的;⑤带零头的,余的
  organization6 n.①组织体制;②团体,机构
  paragraph66 n.①段,节;②小新闻,短评
  peer2 n.同等的人,贵族;vi.凝视,窥视;vt.与...同等,封为贵族
  penalty2 n.处罚,惩罚
  perceive5 v.①察觉,感知;②理解,领悟
  potential13 a.①潜在的,可能的;②势的,位的;n.潜能,潜力
  principle7 n.①原理,原则;②主义,信念;③(行动的)规则,准则
  process34 n.①过程,进程;②工序,制作法;③工艺;v.加工,处理
  propose4 v.①提议,建议;②提名,推荐;③求婚
  puzzle4 n.难题,谜,迷惑;v.(使)迷惑,(使)为难
  recovery4 n.①痊愈,复元;②(经济)复苏
  responsible11 a.①(for,to)应负责的,有责任的;②可靠的,可信赖的;③责任重大的,重要的
  restore3 v.①恢复,使回复;②归还,交还;③修复,重建
  school44 n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院,系;③学派,流派
  science58 n.①科学;②学科
  security8 n.安全
  sensitive7 a.①(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;②灵敏的
  setting6 n.①安置,安装;②落山;③(固定东西的)柜架底座;④环境,背景
  severe3 a.①严厉的,严格的;②剧烈的,严重的,严峻的,艰难的
  solution4 n.①解答,解决办法;②溶解,溶液
  spy6 n.间谍;v.①当间谍,刺探;②察觉,发现
  staff5 n.①全体职工,全体人员;②杠,棒;③参谋部;v.配备工作人员
  statement7 n.声明,陈述
  suite1 n.(一批)随员,(一套)家具,套房
  system31 n.①系统,体系;②制度,体制
  theft1 n.偷窃,失窃
  threat9 n.①恐吓,威胁;②坏兆头,危险迹象
  threaten8 v.①恐吓,威胁;②有...危险,快要来临
  victim3 n.牺牲品,受害者
  according47 ad.依照,根据
  astray1 ad.迷途地, 入歧途地
  compliance1 n.依从, 顺从
  contractor1 n.订约人, 承包人
  corporate4 a.①公司的;②法人的;③共同的,全体的
  given22 a.特定的,假设的
  governance1 n.统治,管理
  hugely2 ad.巨大地,非常地
  hurriedly1 ad.仓促地,慌忙地
  inevitably3 ad.不可避免
  insecurity3 n.不安全,不安全感
  leakage2 n.漏,泄漏,渗漏
  overshadow1 v.遮蔽,使黯然失色
  redundancy2 n.冗余,过剩
  regulator1 n.管理者
  restoration1 n.恢复,复职,赔偿
  sensitivity2 n.敏感,灵敏(度),灵敏性
  severity1 n.严肃,严重
  shareholder6 n.股东
  telecom3 n.(=telecommunication)电信
  vulnerability1 n.弱点,攻击

难句1
  Left, until now, to odd, low level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in business of every variety.
  [语法分析]本句的主干结构是:information protection is on...agenda,主干结构前是一个left to引导的不定式作information protection的定语;
  [本句难点]主句前面的修饰成分比较长,影响考生的理解;
  [方法对策]分清主次,抓住主句,分析结构,这个难点就可以迎刃而解了;
  [例句精译]到目前为止,还仅仅是留给少数IT业低层人士去处理并仅受到信息资料比较丰富的诸如银行、通讯、航空等行业重视的信息保护工作。现在正在变成各个行业老板们议事日程中非常重要的内容。
  难句2
  Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
  [语法分析]本句的主干结构是:Several massive leakages...have left managers...,两个破折号之间的成分是地点状语,补充说明的作用;分词结构peering into...对宾语managers进一步说明;
  [本句难点]整句比较长,句子结构稍复杂,且有长插入语;
  [方法对策]首先略去插入语不看,然后找出句子的主干结构,再分析其他修饰成分,本句就简单了;
  [例句精译]今年内有关客户和雇员的资料的好几次重大泄漏已经迫使经理们不得不匆匆忙忙地检查他们复杂的IT系统和业务往来情况以期从中找出可能的漏洞(并加以改进)。这些泄漏发生在多个不同的组织身上。从时代的"华纳公司"、"美国国防承包公司"、"国际科技应用"、甚至到还有"加州大学伯克利分校"等等不一一列举。
  难句3
  Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
  [语法分析]本句的主干结构是: ...the theft...overshadowed...a decision...;theft后面的of information...in America 和分词短语disclosed on June 17th修饰主语the theft,(FTC)后面的that引导定语从句补充说明decision,其后还包含一个if引导的从句。
  [本句难点]句子比较长,且机构比较复杂,考生不容易读懂;
  [方法对策]首先抓主句主干,然后再分析其他修饰和补充成分,本句就简单了;
  [例句精译]与此同时,6月17日美国提出的一桩大约4000万信用卡价值的信息失窃案让美国联邦贸易委员会将通过的决定黯然失色:如果公司无法保护资料安全,那么立法者们将会采取行动。
  36.[答案]D
  [解析]众所周知,现代社会的网络已经把人们紧密的联系在了一起。有银联网、移动通信网、也有人们互相做生意的电子商务网,等等。本文提到了一个公司面临的新型严重问题,那就是:信息资料的泄密问题。36题问"It never rains but it pours "(可译为"真是祸不单行"或译为"屋漏又逢连阴雨,船迟偏遇顶头风")这句话是要引出一个如下的话题:A激烈的商业竞争;B脆弱的老板与董事会关系;C 来自新闻报道的威胁;D 资料泄密这一问题的严重性。显然应该选D(为了迷惑考生,出题人把文章首段中的data insecurity换成了问题里的data leakage)。
  37.[答案]A
  [解析]"依据第二段,有些公司检查他们的系统是要找出"文章第二段说有些经理们"hurriedly peering into their IT system...in search of potential vulnerabilities "(匆匆忙忙地检查他们复杂的IT系统,和业务往来情况以期从中找出可能的漏洞和弱点)这正是选项A,只不过将文章里的vulnerabilities换成了问题里的同义词weak point。
  38.[答案]B
  [解析]本题目问:作者提出GASP 概念是想说......。从第三段中我们可知,GASP是指Generally Accepted Security Practices (人们普遍认可的安全法则) 。所以,应该选B,(作者是想强调)信息安全保护工作应予以重视。
  39.[答案]A
  [解析]问题是:依据第四段,使作者感到困惑不解的是,有些老板们竟然不能(选A):看到(公众对公司)信任和资料保护之间的关系。根据是原文第四段的首句:"令人费解的是这竟然会让有些老板感到吃惊。"而其中代词"这"是指上文提到的为信息资料的安全备份等工作。而整个第四段也都在谈顾客对公司信任的重要性以及顾客们资料泄漏的后果。
  40.[答案]D
  [解析]这是一道推理题。根据末段,我们自然可以推出D为选项。应为末段原文首句即暗示了这种含义:由于缺少法律惩罚,这种苗头还正在得到助长。
 "屋漏又逢连阴雨"正当老板们和董事会成员们刚刚清理完他们糟糕的财会账目以及相关的规章制度问题并刚刚改进了他们对公司的虚弱管理之际,一个新的难题又出现了,这正在给他们带来新的威胁(尤其是美国)--信息资料的泄密问题。这种威胁正是他们变成报纸上糟糕的头条新闻并可能在高层方面引起人员的波动。到目前为止,还仅仅是留给少数IT业低层人士去处理并仅受到信息资料比较丰富的诸如银行、通讯、航空等行业重视的信息保护工作。现在正在变成各个行业老板们议事日程中非常重要的内容。
  今年内有关客户和雇员的资料的好几次重大泄漏已经迫使经理们不得不匆匆忙忙地检查他们复杂的IT系统和业务往来情况以期从中找出可能的漏洞(并加以改进)。这些泄漏发生在多个不同的组织身上。从时代的"华纳公司"、"美国国防承包公司"、"国际科技应用"、甚至到还有"加州大学伯克利分校"等等不一一列举。
  "信息资料正在变成一种资产,它和其他资产一样,也需要我们加以保护。"斯坦福大学商学院的Haim Mendelson说;"保护顾客资料的能力是市场价值的核心所在,而这正是代表着广大股东利益的公司董事会的责任之所在。"纽约哥伦比亚商学院的Eli noam认为的确正如我们已经有了GAAP(普遍认可的财会法则)这种理念一样,我们也该有GASP(普遍认可的安全法则)这一标准了。他认为"为信息资料的安全备份和恢复正常设立适当的可操作标准是一个管理问题而不是技术问题。"
  令人费解的是这竟然会让有些老板感到吃惊。当然,最糊涂的老板也该知道人们对公司的信任是公司最具价值的资产,要破坏它易如反掌,而要想恢复它,代价却是多么巨大。而最可能破坏人们信任的是公司让敏感的个人资料落入不法分子的手中。
  (在美国而不是在欧洲)由于对资料泄漏缺乏法律的惩罚,这种苗头还可能得到助长(虽然不合理)。加利福尼亚州最近才通过一项法律,在此之前,美国公司在资料被窃后不需要告知任何人,包括受害者。这种情况可能很快将会改变:华盛顿正在提出大量的资料法案。与此同时,6月17日美国提出的一桩大约4000万信用卡价值的信息失窃案让美国联邦贸易委员会将通过的决定黯然失色:如果公司无法保护资料安全,那么立法者们将会采取行动。
  36"It never rains but it pours"这句话,是要引出一个如下的话题:
  [A]激烈的商业竞争。
  [B]虚弱的老板与董事会的关系。
  [C]来自新闻报道的威胁。
  [D]资料泄密这一问题的严重性。
  37币谰莸诙段,有些公司检查他们的系统是为了找出
  [A]是否有薄弱环节漏洞(以便加以改正)。
  [B]什么样的资料被偷窃了。
  [C]谁该为此负责。
  [D]如何找出潜伏间谍。
  38碧岢ASP这一概念作者想说:
  [A]应该适当地关照股票持有人的利益。
  [B]信息保护工作应予以重视。
  [C]商业应该提高其清算账目的安全标准。
  [D]应该强调客户信息资料的市场价值
  39币谰莸谒亩危使作者感到困惑不解的是有些老板们竟然不能:
  [A]看到(公众对公司的)信任和资料保护之间的关系。
  [B]感到个人资料的敏感性。
  [C]了解资料恢复的高昂代价。
  [D]意识到诚信的经济价值。
  40贝拥谖宥沃锌梢酝坡鄢觯
  [A]资料泄密在欧洲要更为严重。
  [B]美国联邦贸易委员会的决定对资料的安全至关重要。
  [C]加州在安全立法方面处于领先地位。
  [D]对资料泄密,加强立法惩罚是一个主要的解决方法。


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