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考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记六

发布时间: 2008-11-28 12:26:14 作者: dw1209

TEXT 2
  
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
  It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
  Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi).The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters.As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
  Can this merely be coincidence?One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names.So short sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues.At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
  46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
  A.A kind of overlooked inequality.
  B.A type of conspicuous bias.
  C.A type of personal prejudice.
  D.A kind of brand discrimination.
  47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
  A. In both East and West, names are essential to success.
  B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.
  C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.
  D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
  48. The 4th paragraph suggests that .
  A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students
  B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
  C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students
  D.students should be seated according to their eyesight
  49. What does the author mean by most people are literally having a ZZZ (Lines 2, Paragraph 5)?
  A.They are getting impatient.
  B. They are noisily dozing off.
  C.They are feeling humiliated.
  D.They are busy with word puzzles.
  50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
  A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill treated.
  B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
  C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
  D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

alphabet5 n.字母表
  attention14 n.①注意(力),留心;②立正
  author69 n.①作者;②创始人
  award2 n.奖(品);v.授予,奖给
  ballot1 n.选举票,投票,票数;vi.投票
  bias7 n./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒
  brand2 n.商标,标记,牌子;v.①使铭记;②打火印,打烙印
  campaign4 n.①战役;②运动;vi.从事活动
  ceremony1 n.①典礼,仪式;②礼节,礼仪
  character4 n.①性格,品质,特性,特征;②人物,角色;③字符,(汉)字
  coincidence2 n.①巧合,巧事;②一致,符合
  condemn1 v.①谴责,指责;②判刑,宣告有罪
  conference3 n.会议,讨论会
  confidence6 n.①(in)信任;②信心,自信;③秘密,机密
  conspicuous1 a.显眼的,明显的
  directory1 n.人名地址录,(电话)号码簿
  doze1 v./n.①瞌睡;②假寐
  eliminate5 v.消除
  essential11 a.①(to)必要的,必不可少的;②本质的,基本的;n.①本质,要点;②必需品
  eyesight2 n.视力
  failure6 n.①失败,不及格;②失败者;③故障,失灵;④未能
  firm14 a.①坚固的,稳固的;②坚决的,坚定的;n.公司,商号
  humiliate1 v.羞辱,使丢脸,耻辱
  illegal4 a.不合法的,非法的
  illustrate6 v.①举例说明,阐明;②图解,加插图
  impatient2 a.不耐烦的,急躁的
  individual21 a.①个人的,单独的;②独特的;n.个人,个体
  infant2 n.婴儿,幼儿
  infer21 v.推论,推断
  intelligent4 a.聪明的,明智的
  intend15 v.想要,打算,企图
  interview3 v./n.①接见,会见;②采访;③面试
  junior1 a.①年少的,年幼的;②低年级的;③后进的,下级的;④[美国四年制大学]三年级的;n.①年少者,低班生;②下级,晚辈;③(美国四年制大学)三年级学生
  lead21 v.①领导,引导;②领先,占首位;③(to)通向,导致,引起;④经历,过(生活);n.带领,引导;n.铅
  literally2 ad.①照字面意义,逐字地;②确实;③简直,差不多
  lower9 a.较低的,下级的,下游的;v.降下,放低
  lucky1 a.幸运的,侥幸的
  overlook3 v.①看漏,忽略;②俯瞰,眺望;③宽容,放任
  phone3 n.电话,电话机;v.(给...)打电话
  plough1 n.犁;v.①犁,耕;②跋涉,钻研
  pose4 v.①造成(困难等);②提出(问题等),陈述(观点等);③摆姿势;④假装,冒充
  predecessor1 n.前辈,前任,(被取代的)原有事物
  prejudice4 n.①偏见,成见;②损害,侵害;v.抱有(存有)偏见
  puzzle4 n.难题,谜,迷惑;v.(使)迷惑,(使)为难
  qualification3 n.①资格,合格;②限定,条件;③合格证
  rarely4 ad.很少,难得,非常地
  recipient2 a.容易接受的,感受性强的;n.①容纳者,容器;②接受者
  recognize8 v.①认出,识别;②承认
  result37 n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因...而造成
  rot1 v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐败,腐朽;n.腐烂,胡说
  school44 n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院,系;③学派,流派
  seat3 n.①座位,底座;②所在地,场所;v.使坐下,安排座位
  speaker6 n.说话人,演讲人,扬声器
  stick5 n.棍,棒,手杖;v.①刺,戳,扎;②粘合,附着;③坚持,固守
  striking1 a.显著的,惊人的
  subtle2 a.①精巧的,巧妙的;②细微的,微妙的
  surname3 n.姓
  tend26 v.①趋向,往往是;②照料,看护
  theory20 n.①理论,原理;②学说,见解,看法;③看法,观点
  thrive1 v.兴旺,繁荣
  thumb1 n.拇指;v.(~ through)翻阅
  vice3 n.①邪恶,坏事;②恶习;③[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;a.副的
  according47 ad.依照,根据
  advantage13 n.优势, 有利条件
  alphabetically5 ad.按字母顺序地
  alphabetism1 n.字母表主义
  attendee1 n.出席者,参加者
  disadvantage6 n.不利,缺点,劣势;v.①使处于不利地位;②损害
  discrimination4 n.①识别力,辨别力;②(against)歧视
  election1 n.选举,当选,选择权
  graduation1 n.毕业,毕业典礼,刻度,分等级
  humiliation1 n.羞辱,蒙耻
  inequality2 n.不平等,不平均
  insensitive3 a.对...没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的
  insidious1 a.阴险的
  respectively2 ad.分别地,各个地
  shortlist1 n.最后候选人名单
  suspiciously1 ad.猜疑着,怀疑着
  unaware3 a.不知道的,没觉察到的
  unfairness2 n.不公平
  unintentional1 a.不是故意的,无意识的

难句1
  
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.  
   [结构分析]
  1. 本句主干部分:This...refers to discrimination...;
  2. 两个逗号之间是插入语,是对说本句话对象的补充说明;
  3. those后面是whose引导的定语从句,修饰those;
  [本句难点]插入语对阅读速度的影响;
  [方法对策]插入语在第一遍阅读可以不读,跳过,直接找出本句的主干结构;
  [例句精译]对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说,它指的是对那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
  难句2
  
One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
   [结构分析]
  1. 本句主干部分是:One theory...is + that引导的表语从句;
  2. 两个逗号之间是过去分词短语作状语;
  [本句难点]插入语对阅读速度的影响;
  [方法对策]阅读时可以不读插入语,直接找出句子主干;the alphabetically disadvantaged:为the+过去分词,表示某一类人;
  [例句精译]有一种由那些在字母表上列位不佳者闲暇时构幻出来的理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。
   46.[答案] A
  [解析]本文谈到从小学排座位时,姓氏字母靠后的人就被排到了后面。这样一来,他们被提问及回答问题的机会就会少。日积月累,他们的能力与自信心也比较弱,所以长大成功的机会也相应减少,这是一种很隐藏的不公平与歧视,本题首先以汽车公司为例讲到了这种暗含的不公平。比如,以A字打头的出租车公司在电话簿里排在前边,顾客们会首先看到,当然比Z字打头的公司占有优势。故选A:这是一种不公平。而不是B、C、D偏见或歧视。注意,A把原文中的unfairness换成选项中的inequality。
   47.[答案] D
  [解析]问题:"从头三段我们可以推论出什么道理?"推理题,选D。A讲了名字很重要,并不准确。因为本文一开始就谈到了按字母排列姓氏顺序是一种很微妙的歧视与不公平,并未提名字。
   48.[答案] C
  [解析]从第四段可知,只能选C,因为:A老师常提问聪明学生;B姓氏不占优势的学生经常逃课;D学生应该按视力来排座位;均不是文章的意思。
   49.[答案] B
  [解析]如果按照字面意思,其实选项A与B都可以接受,但是按西方习惯ZZZ是代表打呼噜的一串符号,故选B。需要说明的是:考研阅读文章来自英、美报刊杂志,如《Newsweek》、《Times》、《USA Today》、《Scientific American》、《Discovery》、《Business Week》等等。文章大致分四类:社会生活、科普、商业经济和文化教育。所以,多看英、美杂志,了解西方风俗民情对考试也有帮助。
   50.[答案] D
  [解析]A:姓N至Z的人常受虐待,文中没提。B:西方要员从字母表中获益很多。此题错在哪里呢?他们不是从字母表,而是从人们对字母表的歧视性用法中获益。换言之,字母表没错,是人们用错了。C:本文并未讲要淘汰字母表。而只是讲了:D使用不当会造成无意中的偏见和歧视。

在过去的一个世纪里各种各样的不公和歧视遭到了谴责或定为非法。但是有一种隐蔽的(歧视)形式还在蔓延:字母主义。对于尚未意识到其危害的人来说,它指的是对那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧视。
   人们早已知道在客户翻查电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott较之Zo Zysman的优越性就不那么为人所知了。英语的姓氏在字母表的前后两半部分的分布相当平均。但顶级人物的姓氏的首字母在A与K之间的却多得可疑。
   如此这般,美国的总统和副总统的姓氏分别是以B和C字母起头;乔治布什的前任有二十六位(包括其父)的姓氏均在字母表的前半部,而姓氏在字母表后半部的却仅有十六位。更加令人瞩目的是七大富裕强国政府的首脑中有六位在其姓氏按字母表顺序排名时靠前(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,Chrétien,Koizumi)。世界三大中央银行行长(Greenspan,Duisenberg,Hayami)全都接近字母表的上端,三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情况也是如此(Gates,Buffett,Allen,Ellison,Albrecht)。
   这仅仅是巧合吗?有一种由那些在字母表上列位不佳者闲暇时构幻出来的理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。在幼儿学校第一年之始,老师为了较为容易地记住学生的名字,就按字母表顺序由前往后给学生排座位。因此近视的小Zysman就被插在了后排,这样一来,粗心的教师提出的有助于提高的问题就很少会问到他。这时,按字母表顺序排名靠后的学生还认为他们能逃避老师的问题很幸运。然而,(这种情况的)结果可能就是成绩欠佳,因为这种学生得到的个人关注较少,同时当众讲话时的信心也不足。
   这种委屈继续着。在大学的毕业典礼上,姓氏首字母是ABC的学生骄傲地首先领到奖品;等轮到Zysmans们领奖品的时候,大多数人简直都在鼾声大作了。求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单,也是按字母表顺序排序,当人们费劲地向下查看时,兴趣随之索然。
  46. 作者利用AAAA cars和Zodiac汽车公司是为了举例说明什么?
  A.一种被人们忽视的不平等。
  B.一种明显的偏见。
  C.一种个人偏见。
  D.一种品牌歧视。
  47. 根据文章的前面三段,我们可以推知什么?
  A.不管是在东方或是在西方,名字对于成功至关重要。
  B.字母表被指责因为它导致姓氏靠后者的失败。
  C.消费者通常非常注意公司的名字。
  D.某种歧视太细微因而难以辨别。
  48. 第四段暗示:
  A.老师常提问更聪明的学生
  B.姓氏不占优势的学生经常逃课
  C.老师应该关注所有学生
  D.应该根据学生的视力来给他们排座位
  49. 作者说most people are literally having a ZZZ(第五段第二行)的意思是什么?
  A.他们变得不耐烦。
  B.他们正在打瞌睡。
  C.他们觉得丢脸。
  D.他们忙于做字谜游戏。
  50. 根据本文的观点,下面哪项正确?
  A.以N到Z为姓氏的人经常受到虐待。
  B.西方国家的重要人物从字母表中获得极大的益处。
  C.淘汰字母表的运动仍任重而道远。
  D.字母表使用不当可能会导致无意识的偏见和歧视。

TEXT 3
  
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet.But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either.Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.I'm a good economic indicator,she says,I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,she says.
   Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace.But don't sound any alarms just yet.Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.
   Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,says John Deadly, a Bay Area real estate broker.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
   Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside, too.Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible.Not anymore.For that, Greenspan Co. may still be worth toasting.
  51. By Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means .
  A.Spero can hardly maintain her business
  B.Spero is too much engaged in her work
  C.Spero has grown out of her bad habit
  D.Spero is not in a desperate situation
  52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
  A. Optimistic.
  B.Confused.
  C.Carefree.
  D.Panicked.
  53. When mentioning the $4 million to $10 million range (Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about .
  A.gold market
  B. real estate
  C.stock exchange
  D.venture investment
  54. Why can many people see silver liningsto the economic slowdown?
  A. They would benefit in certain ways.
  B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.
  C.Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
  D.The purchasing power would be enhanced.
  55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
  A.A new boom, on the horizon.
  B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
  C.Caution all right, panic not.
  D.The more ventures, the more chances.

abandon4 v.①抛弃;②放弃;③放纵,放任
  ability15 n.①能力,智能;②才能,才干
  admission3 n.①允许进入,接纳,收容;②承认
  alarm1 n.①警报;②惊恐,惊慌;v.①使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;②向...报警
  approach13 v.靠近,接近,邻近;n.①方法,途径;②探讨
  author69 n.①作者;②创始人
  bay1 n.海湾,(港)湾
  benefit16 n.利益,好处,恩惠;v.①有益于;②(from,by)受益
  bonus1 n.奖金,红利
  boom7 v.①繁荣,兴旺;②发出隆隆声;n.①繁荣,兴隆;②隆隆声;③激增
  brow1 n.①眉(毛);②额;③(middlef)中档的,普通的
  bubble2 n.泡,水泡,气泡;v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾
  business36 n.①商业,生意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业,业务
  caution4 n.①小心,谨慎;②警告,告诫;v.警告
  cautious1 a.(of)小心的,谨慎的
  client2 n.①顾客;②(诉讼)委托人
  concern20 v.①涉及,关系到;②(常与with,about,in连用)关心,挂念;③担心,担忧;n.①(利害)关系;②关心,挂念;③担心,担忧
  confuse9 v.使混乱,混淆
  crucial5 a.至关重要的,决定性的
  current7 n.①电流,水流,气流;②潮流,趋势;a.①当前的,现在的;②通用的,流行的,最近的
  deadly2 a.致命的,致死的
  department5 n.①部,局,处,科,部门;②系,学部
  despair2 n.绝望;v.(of)对...绝望
  desperate2 a.①绝望的;②不顾一切的,拼死的
  despite5 prep.不管,不顾
  economic23 a.经济(上)的,经济学的
  economy29 n.①节约;②经济
  employer4 n.雇主
  engage6 v.①(in)从事,忙于;②(to)与...订婚;③聘用;④吸引
  enhance7 v.提高,增强
  estate1 n.地产,房地产
  exchange8 v./n.①(for)交换,调换,兑换;②交流,交易;③交换台,交易所
  expert14 n.专家,能手;a.①熟练的,有经验的;②专门的,专家的
  folk3 n.人们;a.民间的
  gap2 n.间隙,缺口
  headline3 n.大字标题
  horizon3 n.①地平线;②眼界,见识;③(思想等的)范围,限度;④(on the ~)即将发生
  influence17 n.①(on)影响,感化;②势力,权势;v.影响,感化
  ingredient1 n.组成部分,成分
  investment11 n.投资,投资额
  lag2 v./n.落后(于),滞后(于)
  lower9 a.较低的,下级的,下游的;v.降下,放低
  maintain9 v.①维修,保养;②维持,保持;③坚持,主张,支持
  modest1 a.谦虚的,谦让的,谦逊的
  optimistic6 a.乐观主义的
  outlet2 n.①出路,出口;②发泄方法,排遣;③经销店
  pace3 n.步,步伐;v.踱步
  panic2 n.惊慌,恐慌;v.使惊慌,使恐慌
  polish1 v.①磨光,擦亮;②使优美,润饰;n.擦光剂,上光蜡
  potential13 a.潜在的,可能的;n.潜能,潜力
  precede2 v.①领先(于),在(...之前);②优先,先于
  prospect7 n.①景色;②前景,前途,展望
  purchase4 v.买,购买;n.①购买的物品;②购买
  range6 n.①范围,距离,领域;②排列,连续;③(山)脉;④炉灶;v.排列成行
  rate31 n.①比率,率;②等级;③价格,费用;v.①估价;②评级,评价
  recovery4 n.①痊愈,复元;②(经济)复苏
  region3 n.地区,区域,范围
  remedy1 n.①药品;②治疗措施,补救办法;v.①治疗,医治;②纠正,补救
  revenue7 n.财政收入,税收
  sound7 n.声音,声响;v.①发声,响;②听起来;a.①健全的,完好的;②正当的,有根据的;③彻底的,充分的
  steady1 a.①稳定的,不变的;②坚定的,扎实的;v.(使)稳固,(使)稳定
  stock9 n.①备料,库存,现货;②股票,公债;③无生命之物;④群,家庭,家系;v.储存
  sustain5 v.①支撑,撑住;②维持,持续,经受,忍耐
  swing2 v.摇摆,摇荡,回转,旋转;n.①秋千;②摇摆,摆动
  temper2 n.①脾气,情绪;②韧度,回火度;v.调和,调节
  toast1 n.①烤面包,吐司;②祝酒(词);v.①烘,烤;②祝酒,庆祝
  venture2 v.①冒险,拼;②取于;③大胆表示;n.①冒险事业,拼,闯;②商业投机
  view28 n.①景象,风景;②观点,见解;③观察,观看;④眼界;v.看待,观察,考虑
  worth5 n.价值;a.值得的
  broker2 n.经纪人
  carefree1 a.无忧无虑的,轻松愉快的,不负责的
  consumer20 n.消费者
  dealership1 n.代理权,经销权
  downscale1 v.缩减...规模
  dreadful2 a.可怕的
  frenzy1 n.狂暴,狂怒v.使发狂,使狂怒
  indicator4 n.指示器
  investor2 n.投资者
  lining1 n.内衬,衬里
  manicurist1 n.指甲修饰师
  mildly2 ad.温和地,适度地,略微
  overbid1 v.出价过高;n.过高的出价
  predominantly1 ad.占优势地,主要地,压倒性地
  retailer1 n.零售商人
  slowdown2 n.减速
  suburban1 a.郊外的,偏远的

难句1
  
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.
   [结构分析]
  1. 本句主干结构是:...lots of working folks had...seen signs...;
  2. 逗号前面为状语部分,其中包括一个that引导的定语从句,修饰admission;
  [本句难点]主要是状语从句中定语从句的影响;
  [方法对策]找出主句和从句的主干,然后再分析其他成分;
  [例句精译]即使在格林斯潘还未承认美国过热的经济正在冷却的时候,许许多多的劳动者已经看出经济渐缓的迹象了。
  难句2
  
For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.
   [结构分析]
  1. 本句主干部分是:...the cautious approach is coming...;
  2. 两个逗号之间是who引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明retailers的情况;
  [本句难点]插入语的影响;
  [方法对策]第一遍阅读可以不读插入语,直接找句子的主干结构,然后再分析其他成分;
  [例句精译]去年在感恩节和圣诞节之间零售商的销售收入是全年的百分之二十四,对于他们来讲,在关键时期该谨慎行事了。
  难句3
  
Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.
   [结构分析]
  1. 本句主干结构是:Many consumers seem to have been influenced ...;
  2. 逗号后面是which引导的定语从句;
  [本句难点]主要是部分单词的理解;
  [方法对策]stockarket swings:股市波动;ingredient:因素,条件;
  [例句精译]许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响,而投资者却把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素。
   51. [答案] D
  [解析]这是一篇美国经济状况的文章。开头即写:说到经济发展的趋势,指甲修理师爱伦还没有焦虑到咬指甲的程度,但是,她的业务总量的确在下降却是不争的事实。由此我们可知A不是实情,因为过于悲观。C则不对,因为此处咬指甲代指焦虑的心情。B她正专注地工作,与问题不沾边。故选D尽管情况不太好,但还不到绝望的程度。注意原文中的But。
   52.[答案] A
  [解析]第二个问题看第二段即可。第二段末句写道:即使稍微勒紧点腰带,他们对经济的长期远景,还仍然是很乐观的。故选A。
   53. [答案] B
  [解析]A黄金市场,B房地产,C股票交易,D风险投资。从第二段Home prices我们可知是在谈曼哈顿的房地产投资情况。
   54.[答案] A
  [解析]从末段可知,虽然经济开始滑坡,但是还是会有些人从中获益的,比如:饭店的餐位就更好订了;买房时银行贷款的利息也会下降了;等等。故选A。末段首句来源于一条英国谚语:Every cloud has a silver lining(凡事有弊必有利)。
   55. [答案] C
  [解析]纵观全文,我们可以看出作者态度是C:谨慎是必要的,但不要惊慌。这从他在文章里用到的大量正面积极词汇中也可看到。比如:only concerned,not panicked,optimistic,modest beltightening,not in despair,silver linings,等等。

说到经济发展速度的趋冷,爱伦还不至于焦虑到咬手指的程度。但是,这位四十七岁的指甲修剪师修剪、锉磨、上油的指甲数量却难遂其愿了。她的大多数顾客每周花费十二至五十美元,可上周两位长期客户突然不露面了。爱伦把这归咎于经济的疲软。她说:我是个准确的经济晴雨表,我提供的服务是在当人们想省钱时不要也行的那种。因此爱伦相应地缩减规模,只在克利夫兰郊区她家附近的中档达拉德百货公司营业,而不再去内曼玛科斯。我不知道其他顾客会不会离我而去,她说。
   即使在格林斯潘还未承认美国过热的经济正在冷却的时候,许许多多的劳动者已经看出经济渐缓的迹象了。由于购物者节约他们的支出,从汽车代理商到Gap名牌零售折扣店,数月以来销售一直滞缓。去年在感恩节和圣诞节之间零售商的销售收入是全年的百分之二十四,对于他们来讲,在关键时期该谨慎行事了。有专家说,较之去年假日销售收入已经减少了百分之七。然而还不到敲警钟的时候。消费者只是略有担心,并没有恐慌,许多人虽然稍微勒紧腰带,但他们说对于经济的长期前景还是乐观的。
   新闻标题虽然够吓人的,消费者依旧对自己的财产状况感觉相当良好,因此他们说他们并不悲观绝望。在大多数地区房屋价格保持稳定。经纪人巴巴拉考克兰说,在曼哈顿由于华尔街奖励措施的刺激,出现了四百万至一千万美元之间的淘金热。在旧金山,高价抢购现象虽然销声匿迹了,可价格依旧看涨。海湾地区房地产经纪人约翰梯尔迪说:已经卖出20到30套,剩下的可能只有两三套了。大多数人对能够找到并保有一件工作仍然信心十足。
   弊中有利,许多人看到了经济趋冷的乌云背后的光芒。潜在的房产购买者会对利率下调欢天喜地。雇主们对就业市场少了些泡沫也并不在意。许多消费者似乎一直受股票市场波动的影响,而投资者却把这种波动视为持续繁荣的必要因素。就餐者可能也看到了有利的方面。在曼哈顿新开的火爆的阿兰杜卡塞饭店吃上一桌曾经是不可能的,现在可以了,这真值得格林斯潘和他的同事们庆祝。
  51. 通过说Ellen Spero还不至于咬指甲,作者的意思是。
  A.Ellen Spero几乎维持不了她的生意了
  B. Ellen Spero 正专注于她的工作
  C.Ellen Spero 已经改掉了她的不良习惯
  D.Ellen Spero还没有处于几乎绝望的状态
  52. 公众觉得目前经济形势如何?
  A.乐观。
  B.令人迷惑。
  C.无忧无虑。
  D. 令人恐慌。
  53. 提到4百万美元到1千万美元的区间作者是在谈论。
  A.黄金市场
  B.房地产
  C.股票交易
  D. 风险投资
  54. 为什么许多人看到了经济困境中好的一面?
  A.他们会在某些方面得到好处。
  B.股票市场显现了复苏的迹象。
  C. 经济繁荣之前通常会出现经济的衰退。
  D.购买力将会提高。
  55. 作者可能同意下面哪项?
  A.一场新的经济繁荣即将来临。
  B.紧缩开支是惟一的补救方法。
  C. 谨慎是应该的,但不必恐慌。
  D.风险越多,机会也就越多。
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