Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It Appropriate for College Students to Rent Apartments Outside Campus? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 简单说明目前大学生在外租房情况
2. 对这种情况进行利弊分析
3. 根据利弊分析得出结论，表明观点
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (15 minutes)
Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-4,mark
Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Reading for Life
Today is the first day of the rest of your life. How can reading fill it to overflowing with adventure, richness, and fullness?
Your Pleasure-giving Skill
Skills are skills. Pleasures are pleasures. But some skills are lasting pleasures. Such is reading. Listen to Hazilitt-"The greatest pleasure in life is that of reading." or Macauly- "I would rather be a poor man in a garret with plenty of books than a king who did not love reading." To them and countless others all over the world, reading is a source of the deepest and fullest enjoyment. That's true from early school days to days of leisure and retirement.
Your Fountain of Youth
Reading is more than that. It can be your fountain of youth. Virginia Woolf said, "The true reader is essentially young." One of your major problems is how to stay alive as long as you live. Some die at 30 but are not buried until they're 70. With some, youth slips away before being properly savored. Reading provides a spring of living water, refreshing and life-giving. Stay young for life with reading.
Your Dream-fulfillment Aid
Part of youth lies in dreaming-dreaming impossible dreams that you can sometimes make possible. Robert F. Kennedy said this,"Some men see things as they are and say ‘Why?' I dream things that never were and say ‘Why not?'" Certain books push the boundaries of the human mind out beyond belief. After all, a little bit of greatness hides in everyone. Let books bring it into full bloom.
Your Know-thyself Aid
What's your most important quest? Finding yourself. Finding your own identity. The Greeks epitomized that problem in two words: Know thyself. Well, articles and books help in that allmportant search. They supply assurance of the power and worth of your own life, a measure of your possibilities.
To see yourself in proper perspective, you need detailed picture of real people in real situations. We need to see three-dimensional characters, with all the typical human fears and limitations. Then, and only then, can you begin to see and know yourself as you should.
Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant
What about practical questions, such as those about your vocation? Will reading help you decide more intelligently what to do, how to prepare yourself and how to succeed on the job?
To answer the first question, you have to know your own talents, abilities, and interests well.You must also, however, know the opportunities in the world around you. Some Bureau of Labor Statistics, for example, predicted a surplus of approximately two million school teachers. Still another source indicated that right now "the health fields are the only fields in which we have shortages." Balance such information with self-knowledge and you have some of the ingredients needed to make intelligent, perceptive choices.
Second, you've decided on a career. How and where do you get the required preparation? Again, turn to reading. You'll probably find a listing of school programs to choose from. You may even find them rated. If so, you'll know exactly where to go for the best possible preparation.
Third, don't stop yet. You've selected a career and trained yourself. Learn on reading now to help you succeed on the job. A variety of magazines and books will provide guidance and help.
But that's not all. The day of only one lifetime career may be almost over. All too often, change throws hundreds out of work. Change hits the aircraft industry, for example. Result? Hundreds of well-qualified engineers suddenly out on the street.
If you manage things well, keeping a close eye on changing conditions. You can avoid the pain of waking up to find yourself out of a job. Through reading develop some new skills and interests. Then if conditions change, you can slip with comparative ease from one field into another, hardly breaking stride.
Most of the things taught in school-typing, shorthand, key punching, language, farming, business management-are readily available in interesting self-help articles and books. Let them smooth your path in any new direction you decide to take.
Your Experience Extender
What's the best teacher? Experience, of course! It's priceless. It comes from what you yourself have seen, heard, tasted, smelled, and felt - what you yourself have lived through.
Take a closer look. Look at our limitations. No wonder experience is so precious. We can't begin to get enough of it. We can't even experience again what we just lived through. We're not born with instant replay. We can't actually relive any moment. And, obviously, we're limited to one lifetime.
Space and time! How they limit us. Who has a time machine to carry him back into history? No one. It's the same with space. We can't literally be in two places at the same time. Right now you can't be sitting where you are and at the same time be strolling down the famed Champs Elysees in Paris.
Here's where reading fits. It can bring us almost unlimited additional experience. To be sure, it's secondhand experience. But it's often so vivid that it seems firsthand, just as if we're living through it ourselves, being moved to tears, laughter, or suspense. That rich range of experience provides the ideal supplement to our own limited experience. In this way, reading becomes one of our most profound mind-shaping activities.
Furthermore, all this experience is available when we want it. Books never impose on us. When we want them, we reach out and pull them off the shelf or table. At our convenience we invite them to share their unbelievable wealth with us.
Carlyle sums this all up nicely,"All that mankind has done, thought, gained, or been; it is lying as in magic preservation in the pages of books." Help yourself! Make reading your experience-extender for the rest of your life.
1. According to the passage, reading is the lasting pleasure.
2. Reading provides all the people in the world with a source of deepest and fullest enjoyment.
3. Reading is a fountain of youth in that one can always learn something new from books and never cease to be young in spirit.
4. The passage explains how books help fulfill your long-cherished dreams.
5. To find your own identity simply means .
6. To make an intelligent decision on what to do, you should have an adequate knowledge of your own .
7. According to the author, reading is even after you have selected a career and trained yourself.
8. You should develop some new skills and interests with the help of books in order to prepare for .
9. Though our experience is limited by , reading can bring us unlimited additional secondhand experience.
10. Carlyle calls on people to make reading their for the rest of their life.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choice. There will, however, be a cost:Protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend highstreet regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund(退款) when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.
One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other's rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the "regulation" themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.
In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA's rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.
Consumers will need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort-and the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.
47. What can people benefit from the fast-growing development of electronic commerce?
48. When goods are faulty, consumers in rich countries tend to think that it is who takes responsibility for everything.
49. In the author's view, why do businesses place a high premium on honest dealing in the electronic world?
50. We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is .
51. We can learn from the passage that are probably more cautious than consumers of the normal sort when buying things.
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we can not afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of "salable skills". What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. What's more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.
A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lion's den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable skills, and can't make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.
52. From the passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of .
A) teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job market
B) a flexible curriculum that changes with the times
C) a liberal education
D) keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market
53. The word "fluctuate"(Line 5,Para.1) most probably means .
A) remain steady B) change in an irregular way
C) follow a set pattern D) become worse and worse
54. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?
A) A person with the ability to learn by himself.
B) A construction worker.
C) A car repairman.
D) A person with quite a few salable skills.
55. According to the author, in developing a curriculum school should .
A) predict the salability of skills in the future job market
B) take the current job market into consideration
C) consider what skills are salable
D) focus on the ability to adapt to changes
56. We can learn from the passage that .
A) liberal arts education is being challenged now
B) schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times
C) extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning
D) many students feel cheated by the educational system
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses'pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.
These reforms have been widely adopted by American's larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.
Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsides spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.
All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr.Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree, "independent" boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performance.
To assess the impact of performance related pay, Mr.Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over $1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher's big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a company's overall success.
In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage-which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is a paradox for the management theorists: any boss who cannot beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.
57. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?
A) To diversify the business of the corporation.
B) To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.
C) To introduce effective reforms in business management.
D) To protect the interests of the shareholders.
58. What does Professor James Westphal's study suggest?
A) Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired result.
B) Outside board directors tend to be more independent.
C) With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.
D) Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.
59. The word "seduction"(Line 1,Para.4) probably means " ".
A) efforts to conquer
B) attempts to win over
C) endeavors to increase profits
D) exertions to understand
60. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.
B) The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.
C) Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.
D) The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.
61. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?
A) Doubtful. B) Optimistic. C) Positive. D) Approving.
Part ⅤError Correction(15 minutes)
Directions:This part consists of a short passage.In this passage,there are altogether 10 mistakes,one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you change a word,cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.If you add a word,put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.
Conflict is a necessary element in fiction. Indeed, it is
the backbone of a story; it is conflict that gives us the sense
of a story going somewhere.
The conflict in a story must first be obvious importance 62
to the characters involved. We can illustrate this by
reference to experience. All of us face constant conflicts our
daily lives-whenever we cross a street, for example, or
whenever the alarm goes off and we have to get up for a
class. Most of our conflicts are easily resolved-we wait for
traffic and then cross the street without fear, or we shut off
the alarm, get up, and after two cups of coffee forget our
pain. Furthermore, we also experience conflicts that are not 63
easily resolved. All of us, for example, are faced almost
daily with conflicts which have some kind of a permanent
effect to us-which alter our basic values or our conception 64
of human nature. Should we report the fellow student whom
we look cheating on an examination? Should we pad (虚报) 65
our accounts for books and supplies in that letter home-
particularly since we know that father cheats a little here
and there on his income-tax returns? None of us have 66
witnessed teachers or ministers or high public officials
preach one thing and practice other. All of us have found 67
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Directions:Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. If I had (足够的钱,我会毫不犹豫地买一辆名牌车).
73. With tears in her eyes, the mother (看着吸毒成瘾的女儿被带上了警车).
74. After the outbreak of the infectious disease, all the citizens (被警告暂时取消任何旅行计划).
75. Nowadays, the young people prefer to correspond with each other (通过发电子邮件而不是写信).
76. It must be kept in mind that (你只有通过终身学习才能在这个竞争激烈的社会中生存).
ourselves in that most common of all dilemmas-the choice
between holding to a set of moral and ethical convictions
and violate them in order to be accepted by our group. 68
These are the kinds of conflicts which we find fiction; and 69
because they are of this nature, we call fictional conflicts
crisis situations. We mean by this that as a result of a given
conflict, the character or characters involving will never 70
again be quite the same people that they are before the 71
incident occurred.
Part ⅠWriting
Is It Appropriate for College Students to Rent Apartments Outside Campus?
Nowadays, many university students do not like to live in a dorm in the campus, but choose to rent apartments outside. If we want to know whether it is appropriate to do so, we should analyze its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of living outside campus are obvious. Students who live outside can enjoy more freedom and have more independence. For senior students, they may also have more opportunities for jobs. But there are also many disadvantages. For instance, they may have less time to know other students, they have to spend time traveling forth and back, their life may be less interesting, and it is obviously more expensive and less safe to live outside.
Considering the advantages and disadvantages, I think students should decide according to their own situations. If they want to save money and have more time to study and more contacts with other students, it is better for them to live inside the campus. But if they value freedom and independence more than anything else and do not have to worry about the costs, it is also appropriate for them to rent a room or an apartment outside the campus. Whatever they decide, their decisions should be appropriate for themselves.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y本题的判断依据为文章第一个小标题下的第三、四句"But some skills are lasting pleasures. Such is reading.(阅读能给人以持久的快乐。)"由此我们可判定本句与原文所述之意相符。
2. N本题的判断依据为文章第一个小标题下倒数第二句"To them and countless others all over the world, reading is a source of deepest and fullest enjoyment.(对于他们和世界上无数其他的人来说,阅读是带给他们最大限度享受和快乐的源泉。)"据此我们可知并非指世界上所有的人。
3. Y本题判断依据为文章第二个小标题下面的一段。该段讲述了阅读犹如一泉活水,使我们精神振奋,给予我们生命,阅读能使我们终身保持年轻,由此我们可判定本题的表述与原文所述之意相符。
4. NG本题解题依据为第三个小标题下面一段。该段讲述了我们要敢于梦想不可能实现的梦想,因为我们阅读的某些书籍能引领我们去实现,但本段并未提及阅读的书籍如何帮助我们去实现心存已久的梦想。
5. to know yourself 本题有关认识自我的问题，定位于小标题Your Know-thyself Aid第一段。答案是古希腊人给的两个字：Know thyself，意即know yourself。
6. talents, abilities and interests 本题有关职业问题，定位于小标题Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant中。解题依据为该部分的第一段以及第二段第一句。
7. indispensable 本题有关找到工作和经过训练之后的读书问题，解题的主要依据是小标题Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant的第四段，该段之后的段落谈的都是读书对变换工作的重要性。另外本题的答案也可以是important, useful等。
8. unexpected change 本题有关工作变化问题，定位于小标题Your Vocational Counselor and Consultant下的第五、六、七段，通读这几段，即可确定答案。
9. time and space 本题有关读书有助于扩充阅历的问题，定位于小标题Your Experience Extender的第三段，该段的第一、二句就是答案的依据"Space and time! How they limit us."
10. experience extender本题提到的Carlyle出现在文章最后一段，根据该段的最后一句"Make reading your experience-extender for the rest of your life."即可得出答案。
Part ⅢListening Comprehension
Section A
11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. C
19. B 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. D
11. M: It really makes my blood boil when this sort of thing happens.
W: You'd better cool yourself down first.
Q: How does the man feel now?
12. M: Do you mind if I change the channel?
W: No, not at all. The program is so boring.
Q: What are they doing now?
13. M: National Flight 219 to Shanghai is delayed due to severe weather conditions. Please stand by for additional information.
W: Oh no! I hate these long delays!
Q: Where is the woman?
14. M: Mom, may I play the computer games for a while?
W: Behave yourself! Dad is in the study.
Q: What does the mother ask the child to do?
15. M: I'm told the Seven Swords just finished its last cut.
W: Yes, it will be a hit, I think. When will it be on, do you know?
Q: What are they talking about?
16. M: I'm terribly sorry for my negligence.
W: Apologies may count if they can get the losses back.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
17. M: Will we have an English examination this afternoon?
W: It's postponed because the teacher has to attend a conference.
Q: What do you know from the woman's answer?
18. M: My room smells of cigarette smoke. I can't stand it. Could you change my room, please?
W: Let me see-I'm sorry, but we don't have any more non-smoking rooms. We won't charge you for your room tonight.
Q: What can you learn from the conversation?
Now you'll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
M: Hi, mom, what are we having for dinner tonight?
W: I haven't started yet. Why, have you any requests?
M: How about tsunami for a change-I don't know what it is, but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it's similar to sushi.
W: Nonsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. If we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around, young man.
M: Why? What is it?
W: I mean it could swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very powerful waves.
M: Could you surf on them? That could be cool!
W: They're not cool. They are very destructive. When they pound the shores of populated areas, they cause tremendous damage. They destroy everything in their path.
M: What causes them?
W: I think they are caused by some sort of shock, like an earthquake, volcano, or landslide, that starts a chain reaction in the ocean.
M: Do the waves get so big that they crush buildings?
W: Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses around as though they were children's toys.
M: Can you see them coming?
W: You can see them at quite a distance. But there's not much you can do. In the ocean they move at up to 800 km per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger.
M: How big?
W: They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What does the son think a tsunami is?
20. What does Mom imply by saying, "If we had a tsunami, it would be the other way around"?
21. What does the son think surfing on tsunami waves would be like?
22. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the cause of a tsunami?
Conversation Two
W: Come in, come in. Have a seat. Ah-Ah-I want you to know this is going to hurt me more than it will hurt you.
M: Yes, ma'am. But I;m not quite sure what you're talking about.
W: You're fired. That's what I'm talking about.
M: I find that surprising, Miss Jackson. After all, I sold twenty-five percent more of our products than any other salesman.
W: Look, I'm not here to argue. You're fired. Understand?
M: I understand perfectly. I just wonder what's going to happen to the contract I've been arranging. It would be a shame to lose it; it could mean a lot to our company. And I'm the only one who knows the details.
W: No one is indispensable. Just clear out your desk, and that's the end of it. Do I make myself clear, Mr.Westlake?
M: Crystal clear-apart from one small detail.
W: And what, pray tell, is that detail?
M: I'm not Mr. Westlake. I'm Carl Smith.
W: Oh...well then, that's a different kettle of fish, Mr. Smith. I know you've been working late almost every night and coming in on Sundays to get your work done. The company is very happy with your progress.
M: That's good to know. I was beginning to think that I wasn't appreciated.
W: You are doing well. We have approved your first salary increase.
M: That's great! Thank you! I'll certainly try to live up to the trust you have demonstrated in me with this raise in pay.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. Why is the man surprised at being fired?
24. What is the second reason mentioned for the man to object to his being fired?
25. What mistake did the woman make?
Section B
26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. B
Passage One
The educational system in the United States is controlled by the state government and local authorities. According to the United States Constitution, the federal government has no power to establish a national educational system. Federal agencies do not make education policy. These decisions are made at the state or local levels, so you might expect education laws and policies to be different from state to state. On the contrary, all children must attend school from the age of 6 or 7 to the age of 16. When students graduate at the age of 16, they may choose to look for jobs or to attend university courses. Public schools in states and territories are free of charge from grade 1 to 12. All the public schools receive money from local government. Private schools also operate in all states and territories. Although some private schools are operated by churches and religious groups, most private schools are not linked to any religious organization. Private schools do not receive government money. The parents of private schools-students pay the school. The annual federal government reports estimate that in the year 2002, more than 46 million students attend public schools. And another 6 million students attend private schools. More than 1 million students don't go to school at all. Their parents teach them at home. This home schooling has become popular in the last 15 years or so.
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. According to the talk, who will make decision as regard to education policy?
27. At what age does an American student leave school for jobs or higher academic activities?
28. Which of the following is NOT true about private schools in America?
29. According to the government report, how many students attend private schools in the year 2002?
Passage Two
Today's lecture will concern the territory an animal claims. First, let's define the term "territory". A territory for an animal is a geographical area that an animal chooses to dominate over. While here the key word is dominance, animals such as birds and mammals seem to exert control over their territory. And they are more aggressive in defending the centre or core i.e. the central part of their territory and they become less aggressive in the outer limits of their territory. A good example of the animal's territoriality is the behavior of a pet dog. Have you ever seen a small dog attempting to chase a larger dog out of the backyard? If you have, you probably noticed that once the larger dog has escaped out of the premises, the small dog would give up the chase and calm down immediately. This is exactly what happened to an animal when its territory is disturbed. But does the answer say anything about the human being? Many psychological studies review that animals show great stress if they are put too close to one another. What does this have to do with us? Aren't people put too close together in cities? And don't city dwellers exhibit more crime and anxiety than rural dwellers? The theory that the human being has a territory is highly speculative and still needs much more careful research.
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. Which of the following is the best definition of the term "territory" for an animal?
31. Why does the small dog give up the chase?
32. According to scientists, what happens if animals are put too close together?
Passage Three
More than half of 500 Chinese cities failed to meet national air quality standards last year.
The areas suffered potentially harmful air quality, a survey of 500 cities by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) claims. And nearly one-third of non-industrial sewage in the cities went untreated. In 193 other cities, no treatment was carried out at all, the report revealed. The findings are likely to cause widespread concern.
As urbanization speeds up in China, it poses increasing pressure on the urban environment, and the Chinese Government has given top priority to environmental protection in cities. But given the latest findings, such protection has yet to yield notable results.
There are 661 cities in China-home to 41.7 percent of the population. They also generate 65.5 percent of the nation's gross domestic product-but all at a cost to the environment.
Wang Jirong, vice minister of the Administration, told journalists in Beijing, "In the past two decades, China has been facing environmental problems which developed countries met with over one century ago."
Making reasonable development plans, building sufficient and effectively operated infrastructure and continuing the improvement of the urban environment are among the recommended measures, SEPA's release said. The Administration started to examine environmental management and improvement in 1989.
According to Wang Yuqing, joint vice minister, the number of complaints about environmental problems in China has been growing by 30 percent annually, showing that pollution has a serious impact on the quality of life of the public.
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. How many cities didn't meet national air quality standards last year?
34. Which of the following measures is NOT recommended according to the passage?
35. How do we know pollution seriously affects the quality of life of the public?
Section C
Over a century after it ended, the Civil War remains the (36) fundamental turning point in American history. It produced a loss of life (37) unprecedented in the American experience. The 620,000 combatants who (38) perished in the conflict nearly outnumber those who died in all other American wars (39) combined.
The conflict also (40) permanently affected the future course of national development. In the physical (41) destruction it brought to the South, the economic changes it produced throughout the nation, the new technologies it (42) diffused, and the new ideas it spawned, the war (43) altered the lives of several generations of Americans.
Slavery lay at the root of the crisis that produced the Civil War. During the first half of the nineteenth century, (44) the union divided into two distinctive regions, one dependent on slave labor, and the other evolving into an urban, industrialized society. As the South united in defense of a way of life based on slavery, the North increasingly celebrated the superiority of free labor.
(45) Slavery, and especially its extensions into the western territories, became the focus of a bitter national debate that divided churches, shattered political parties, and helped bring on a military confrontation that lasted four years.
The North went to war to preserve the union after eleven Southern states seceded in 1860 and 1861. In time, the conflict became a struggle to destroy slavery and emancipate African Americans in bondage.
(46) union victory ended slavery, bringing the entire nation, in the words of Abraham Lincoln, a "new birth of freedom".Yet the war left it to the future generations to confront the legacies of slavery and to embark on the still unfinished struggle for racial justice.
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. 【答案】More choice.
【解析】问题问人们从飞速发展的电子商务中得到什么好处。解题依据为文章第一段第三句"Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choice.(电子商务正迅速发展,它将带给人们更多的选择。)"
48. 【答案】the government
【解析】问题问当商品有毛病时, 富裕国家的消费者倾向于认为谁对一切负责。解题依据为文章第二段第一句"Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibilities for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund when goods are faulty.(当所购商品有毛病时,富裕国家的消费者习惯上认为政府对从银行的稳定到用药的安全到消费者的退款权利负全责。)"
49. 【答案】A good reputation is a great advantage in competition.
【解析】问题问在作者看来,为什么企业高度重视电子世界里的诚实交易。解题依据为文章第四段第一句"In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset.(在电子商务领域,诚实交易的声誉是一笔有价值的竞争财富。)"换句话说,诚实交易能让交易者在竞争中处于优势地位。
50. 【答案】very cautious
【解析】问题问从文章中我们可推知美国的食品医药管理局在审核新药时会怎样。解题依据为文章第四段第三句"...consumers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration.(......网上定购药品的消费者也许偏向于从美国购买,因为他们信赖美国食品医药管理局的严格审查。)"
51. 【答案】electronic shoppers
【解析】问题问从文章中我们可知在购买东西时,谁比一般正常渠道的消费者更为谨慎。解题依据为文章最后一段第二句"But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort...(正是因为新技术的原因,网上购物者一段时期内很可能比一般正常渠道的消费者更为谨慎......)。"
Section B
Passage one
52. C 观点判断题本题测试对作者观点的理解，解题时应当根据各段大意判断。第一段首先介绍了反对学习文科的观点，然后分析"畅销技能"的多变性。第二段首先谈学校只提供"畅销技能"的危害性，然后谈比较好的做法。根据文章的结尾，尤其是最后一句（Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills），可知作者赞成文科教育。
53. B 猜测词义题问题问第一段中 "fluctuate"是什么意思。该词所在句的前一句作者列举了掌握汽车制造技能现在并不畅销的例子,这一技能曾经畅销几十年并且或许还会畅销,接着作者说技能是销路变化的另一个例子,因为就业市场的变化。联系上下文语义,即可推知fluctuate是 "无规律变化"之意。
54. A 细节推断题解题依据为文章第二段第三句"But if those skills were more than salable...soon enough."其大意为：如果那些技能不仅仅有销路，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围世界并适应不断变化的世界，那他们就没有被骗。进而作者得出最后结论"Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.(学会学习是文科最高技能之一。）"由此我们可推知，在失业率高的时候，有独立学习能力者最可能找到工作。
55. D 细节推论题解题依据为文章最后一段倒数第四句"Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill."据此我们可推知作者认为学校在设置课程时, 应注重培养学生适应不断变化的世界的能力和学习新东西的能力, 也就是选项D所述之意。
56. A 推论判断题本题可用排除法解题。选项B(教实用技能的学校在困难时期过得更好)文章未提及; 选项C(课外活动比课堂学习更重要)文章也未提及; 选项D(许多学生感到被教育体制所骗)在文章中只是一种假设; 只有选项A(文科教育正受到挑战)正是文章讨论的话题,作者在最后提及了文科教育应教给学生们什么,由此可推知A正确。
Passage Two
57. D 细节理解题解题依据为本文第一段第一、二句"Over the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholders. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent."此句大意为:在过去的十年里,美国公司力图寻求方法以阻止资深管理者以牺牲股东利益为代价损公肥私的行为。为此采取了最流行的三种改革措施，如招录外来董事以使董事会更加独立。由此我们可推知招录外来董事的目的是为了保护股东的利益。其中to feather their own nests意为"构筑自己的窝"；at the expense of their shareholders意为"以股东的利益为代价"。
58. A 细节推论题文章第二段最后一句"the consequences have differed from those intended"表明改革的结果是事与愿违，这是一个总的结论。第三、四、五段是具体说明，主要是引用了Westphal的调查结果。因此，本题答案应当是A。
59. B 词义判断题文章第三段最后讲外来董事会的老板们会花很多时间建立联盟,施惠于个人以讨好外来董事,第四段开始接着说这些手段通常是成功的,由此我们可以推知老板的这些手段是为了争取外来董事而结成联盟, 进而可推知B正确。
60. C 细节判断题本题可用排除法。选项A(公司高层应拿高薪)文章未提及; 选项B(公司高层的收入与公司增长的利润成比例)也未提及; 选项D(公司高层的表现比那些股东更会影响其自身利益)文章同样未提及; 选项C(公司高层倾向于利用其地位肥己)与文章第五段最后一句所述之意相符。
61. A 观点态度题纵观全文,作者所述三项改革举措并未收到预期的效果,反而适得其反,事与愿违,由此我们可判断作者对其最终的结果显然持怀疑态度，故正确答案为A,B选项(乐观的)、C选项(肯定的)和D选项(赞成的)均排除。
Part ⅤError Correction
62. be∧obvious→of 搭配错误。be of importance to...为固定搭配, 意为"对......具有重要性"。
63. Furthermore→However 逻辑关系错误。下文的"我们也经历了不容易解决的冲突"正好与上文所述的"容易解决的冲突"语义相反。
64. to→on 搭配错误。have effect on 为固定搭配, 意为"影响"。
65. look→find 用词错误。find sb. doing sth. 为习惯表达,意为"发现某人干某事"。
66. have→has 主谓不一致。此处主语强调的是每个人,应用单数。
67. other→anothe r 用词错误。根据上下文,此处意思为"他们说一套,做又是另一套",因此应该用another。
68. violate→violating 词性错误。between为介词,后应接名词或动名词。
69. find∧fiction→in 介词漏用。in fiction意为 "小说中的"。
70. involving→involved 用词错误。此处involved做后置定语, 意为"有关的",修饰characters。
71. before→after 连接词错误。根据上下文,此处应为在事情发生后,而非发生前,否则逻辑不通。
Part ⅥTranslation
72. If I had enough money, I would not hesitate a moment to purchase a famous-brand car/I would buy a famous-brand car without any hesitation (足够的钱,我会毫不犹豫地买一辆名牌车).
73.With tears in her eyes, the mother saw/watched her drug-addicted daughter sent into the police car (看着吸毒成瘾的女儿被带上了警车).
74. After the outbreak of the infectious disease, all the citizens were warned to cancel any travel plans for the time being (被警告暂时取消任何旅行计划).
75. Nowadays, the young people prefer to correspond with each other by/via e-mail instead of writing letters(通过发电子邮件而不是写信).
76. It must be kept in mind that only through lifelong study can you survive in the highly competitive society(你只有通过终身学习才能在这个竞争激烈地社会中生存).