Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes) 恩波08年12月大学英语六级全真模拟五套题（三）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Do We Have Our Privacy?You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1.学生抱怨家长、老师不尊重他们的隐私权
2.家长、老师则认为他们有监护责任
3.你的看法
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-4,mark
Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Earth's Ecological Debt Crisis
Today is a bleak day for the environment, the day of the year when mankind overexploits the world's resources-the day when we start living beyond our ecological means.
Evidence is mounting that rapid population growth and rising living standards among the Earth's six billion inhabitants are putting an intolerable strain on nature. For the first time an organization-a British think-tank-has sought to pinpoint how quickly man is using the global resources of farming land, forests, fish, air and energy.
The new economics foundation has calculated from research by a U.S. academic group, Global Footprint Network, that the day when we use more than our fair share of the Earth-when "humanity starts eating the planet"-is October 9.
In other words, assuming that the world has a certain quantity of natural resources that can sustainably be used up each year, today is the date at which this annual capacity is reached, and environmentalists warn that just as a company bound for bankruptcy plunging into the red or a borrower "maxing out" on credit cards must face the consequences, so must man.
The biggest problem relating to the overconsumption of resources is climate change, but its other effects include deforestation, falling agricultural yields and overfishing.
Overfishing is one of the most easily understood examples of the abuse of nature. Catching too many fish has left species that were once common, such as cod in the North Sea and bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean, struggling to survive.
Although it is possible to make ever-increasing catches for a while, eventually only small, juvenile fish are left, and stocks become universal. Similarly, emissions of greenhouse gases, are rising, but the climate is poised to wreak its revenge, already polar ice caps are melting at a rate that is startling scientists and examples of extreme weather, such as Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in August last year, are being attributed to global climate change. In February, when he was Defence Secretary, John Reid revealed that British military planners were already preparing for conflicts arising from the scramble for resources in 20 to 30 years'time.
Outlining the impact of global warming, he said: "Impacts such as flooding, melting permafrost (永久冻结带) and desertification（沙漠化）could lead to loss of agricultural land, poisoning of water supplies and destruction of economic infrastructure."
Global Footprint estimates that the human race is overusing the Earth's resources by 23 percent. While each individual should use up no more than the equivalent of 1.8 hectares of the Earth's surface, the actual area we use is 2.2 hectares per person.
Mathis Wackernagel, executive director of Global Footprint Network, which analyses 6,000 pieces of data from such sources as the United Nations, warned that the limit of the Earth's endurance had already been reached.
He said: "Humanity is living off its ecological credit card and can only do this by liquidating the planet's natural resources."
According to Nef's analysis, the unsustainability of human behaviour has speeded up markedly. Humanity started living beyond its means on a global level in 1987, when the limit of sustainability was reached on 19 December. By 1995, the day was arriving by 21 November and began arriving in October shortly after millennium.
Consumption is particularly profligate (恣意挥霍的) in the West, where individuals consume airfreighted food, buy hardwood furniture, enjoy foreign holidays and own cars. Global Footprint estimates the world would need five planet Earths to sustain a global materialistic society such as that in the U.S. while almost three would be needed for the UK.
By contrast, developing countries such as Kenya use a fraction of the resources. Nef highlighted the energy wasted in trade. In 2004, for example, Britain exported 1,500 tons of potatoes to Germany and imported the same amount. We sent 10,200 tons of milk and cream to France and imported 9,900 tons.
Professor Tim Jackson, head of sustainable development at Surrey University, one of Britain's leading experts in sustainability, said the research was broadly right and that we are using resources faster than they can be replaced by the planet.
He said: "We are clearly drawing natural capital and the point about collapse is that we don't know when some of the systems in the global atmosphere and fish will collapse but we do know that collapse is a very real possibility."
Our Dwindling Natural Assets
Fisheries Degradation of the marine ecosystem is one of the world's biggest problems after climate change. Many fish population have shrunk by 90 percent in 50 years. Species in particular danger are bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean and Atlantic and cod in the North Sea.
Energy Oil reserves are fast running out: "peak oil"-the point from which oil reserves start to decline-is imminent, with world consumption of oil at 84 million barrels a day. In turn, the burning of fossil fuels is the largest source of emissions of CO2.
Some 13 million hectares of forest are lost every year, says the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Almost 20 percent of the Amazon-the world's "lung"-has been felled. In 2004 the rate of forest clearance in the Amazon was the second highest on record, caused by the boom in growing soya beans. Deforestation of tropical rainforests may account for the loss of as many as 100 species a day.
Water Population growth, pollution and climate change are making water a scarce resource. Only 2 percent of water on Earth is fresh, the rest is salt or trapped in glaciers and snow. By 2050, 7 billion people in 60 countries could be short of drinking water.
Farming land Overfarming drains the soil of nutrients, while the chemicals used in the process pollute waterways. Farming uses 70 percent of the world's water supply: to provide 2,700 calories a day requires 4,300 litres (more than seven bathtubs) of water.
1. So far man has tapped the world's abundant resources on a moderate level.
2. The U.S. economics foundation has already figured out the exact date when the Earth is not able to bear the burden imposed by mankind.
3. Environmentalists have done extensive research on the relation between the exploitation of natural resources and the improvement of people's living standards.
4. Apart from climate change, the overconsumption has given rise to several other problems, one of which is falling agricultural yields.
5. An outstanding example of extreme weather is which devastated New Orleans in August last year.
6. According to Global Footprint's estimates, the human race is overusing the Earth's resources by .
7. Mathis Wackernagel warned that humanity would exceed in terms of its natural resources.
8. According to Nef's analysis of the unsustainability of human behavior, the time when humanity reached the limit of sustainability was .
9. Professor Tim Jackson confirmed the validity of the research and pointed out that resources are being used faster than they by the Earth.
10. One of the major causes of the extinction of species is probably the deforestation of .
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
It was a bit of a shock when Toyota finally surpassed General Motors last week as the world's largest carmaker. In a very important sense-profitability-G.M. had not been on top in some time. More important, analysts say that G.M. has awakened to the challenge posed by Toyota and, although more difficult results lie ahead, the company may finally be moving in the right direction.
As global competition heats up, Americans will have to get used to having more of their companies fall from the top spot. How businesses respond will in no small way determine how well the United States succeeds in a world where it is no longer the unchallenged economic superpower.
A major reason that so many American companies were world-beaters(举世无双) in the last century was the unmatched size of their rich and relatively homogenous domestic consumer market, big enough by itself for mass production, and bequeathing all the advantages of economies of scale for competition abroad. The United States economy is still the largest in the world, but ravenous (饿极了的) young markets in places like India and China make clear that it will not stay that way forever. There will be ever more competitors from all over selling all over, and ready to knock off those in the old guard if they make the wrong choices.
This is no reason for American business to despair; instead, it has to refocus on how to stay competitive in a world beyond American dominance. Germany's recent success might serve as a model. Germany, with the world's third-largest economy, has been the world's largest exporter of goods the last four years. And, Americans who believe protectionism is needed to level the playing field should note, it has managed to do it without cheap labor. German businesses have prospered with a focus on quality and strong brands, and particularly with sophisticated niche products, from lasers to Porsches.
Germany's recent success was not accomplished painlessly. There were wrenching layoffs and rounds of cost cutting and outsourcing along the way. General Motors faces a particular set of challenges because in the mass-market automobile game, the huge upfront costs of designing and building cars make sales volume crucial. But Germany's export prowess proves that for a smart industrialized country, many small successes can add up to No. 1.
47. In what terms had General Motors not been on top in the listing of the world's major businesses?
48. According to the author, the success of American companies is determined in large measure by the way they will posed by other economies.
49. The reason why American companies were more competitive in the past was the unmatched size of their rich and .
50. Faced with challenges all over the world, what should corporate America do?
51. According to the author, the secret to Germany's recent success is that German businesses have attached great importance to .
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Humanism originated in the study of classical culture, and humanities disciplines included grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and ethics. These subjects were all studied, whenever possible, in the original classical texts. The humanities curriculum conflicted directly with more traditional education that was based on scholasticism (经院哲学). A scholastic education concentrated on the study of logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, or the nature of reality. Scholars often clashed sharply over these two systems of education.
Underlying the differences between these two philosophies was the humanists'deep conviction that society had outgrown older ways of thought. According to the humanists, these ways of thought emphasized abstract speculation and relied too heavily on Christian teachings. Many of the humanists were townspeople who were not directly associated with the church. These urban residents tended to object to an educational system that was largely monopolized by the clergy and oriented to clerical needs. Humanists were accustomed to the ever changing, concrete activities of city life and found the rigid and closed systems of abstract thought to be both useless and irrelevant. In sum, humanism reflected the new environment of the Renaissance(文艺复兴). Its essential contribution to the modern world was not its concern with antiquity, but its flexibility and openness to all the possibilities of life.
Renaissance humanism was complex, with few unifying features beyond a common belief that humanity and society could be improved through a new kind of education based on a study of the classics. Humanists varied widely in the ways they applied these ideas to areas that interested them. Some humanists were mainly interested in rhetoric and Latin prose style, while others analyzed ancient texts to determine exact meanings. One group focused on ways to improve society in general, while Christian humanism applied the techniques of humanist scholarship to the study of church documents, particularly the Bible.
52. Why were the humanities subjects required to be studied in the original classical text?
A) The humanists believed that those texts were the best ones.
B) Humanism took its origin in classical works in many fields.
C) The humanists disliked their contemporary works.
D) The humanists wanted to be different from scholasticism.
53. Humanities curriculum differs from the scholastic education .
A) because humanists and scholastic scholars had different assumptions of society
B) because humanists were not interested in the scholastic curriculum
C) for many of the humanists were townspeople
D) because they were different in religious beliefs
54. Being townspeople, humanists .
A) enjoyed a better life
B) experienced different lives
C) were against educational changes
D) seldom went to churches
55. Humanism during the Renaissance .
A) was not different from other intellectual movements
B) applied new educational methods in training clergies
C) brought about great changes in the studies of the Bible
D) focused upon the study of the relations between man and society
56. The article can be best titled as .
A) Education in the Renaissance B) Humanism in the Renaissance
C) Debate on Education D) The New Education
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
"Famine Threatens Millions!" Headlines such as this are unhappily frequent. The people of vast areas of the world's surface are ill-fed even in prosperous years. One season of widespread agricultural failure can plunge millions into disastrous famine.
Meanwhile world population is spiraling upward, and the most rapid increases are being made in just those regions where getting proper nourishment is the greatest problem. Today while the people of the"have"countries are well-fed and are piling up surpluses of foodstuffs, in the "have-not"countries more millions than ever are going hungry every day.
In recent years, however, there has been a great"awakening of the common man". People who previously had little contact with the outside world have begun to rub shoulders with people from other, better-developed countries.
They have begun to realize, as an expert puts it, that "poverty is not a God-given state of life." Moreover, the"have"nations of the world have begun to realize that no single nation, however prosperous, can exist for itself alone. The entire world is so bound together today by ties of trade and travel that poverty and famine anywhere threaten the richest of the nations along with the poorest. As a result, much thought and skilled effort are being devoted to improving food supplies in the underfed areas.
Many of the world's food problems are quite evident and can be attacked directly. "Some farmers are still using tools and methods dating back to prehistoric times," you may say. "Bring their methods up to date with modern tools and machines, teach them to fertilize and irrigate their soil, provide them with food seed and good animals to raise, and they soon will be producing plenty for all."
This approach is being followed; the agronomist in Greece, the farm expert in Afghanistan, and many others are doing all they can to improve agricultural techniques in countless widely scattered farm communities. But behind every problem that can be solved by machinery or a packet of seed or a sack of fertilizer looms a human problem having to do with what has long been known as social lag. Whenever you try to revolutionize the ways of a people, you run into a maze of intricate, interlocked problems. The behavior of human beings is complex and cannot be controlled as simple as the behavior of white mice in a laboratory. What seems an obvious solution may prove difficult, even impossible, to carry out.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
57. The solution to the world's food problems depends on .
A) modern methods of farming
B) providing family farms
C) solving problems besides growing food
D) the help of the "have" countries
58. Conditions in the "have-not"countries are .
A) improving because of the development of economy
B) getting worse because of rapidly growing population
C) kept well by food from the "have" countries
D) better than the "have" countries in other senses
59. Most of the people in the world get .
A) enough food in the good years
B) insufficient food for all times
C) food from the "have" countries in bad years
D) richer than ever before
60. The main difficulty in solving the food problem is .
A) backward social and economical background
B) lack of information about food needs
C) conflicts between the"haves"and"have-nots"
D) lack enough funds to modernize agriculture
61. The word "maze"(Line 5,Para.6) is closest in meaning to .
A) "a light fog" B) "a confusing situation"
C) "a well-defined circumstance" D) "a mysterious condition"
Part ⅤError Correction(15 minutes)
Directions:This part consists of a short passage.In this passage,there are altogether 10 mistakes,one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you change a word,cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.If you add a word,put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.
The problems which face the learners of English can
be divided into three categories: psychological, culture, 62
and linguistic. The largest category seems to be linguistic.
When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speaking 63
to a native speaker of English, they may have a shock: they
often have little difficulty in understanding spoken English 64
of native speakers. There are a number of reasons to this. 65
First, it seems to students that English people speak very
quickly. Secondly,they say with a variety of accents. 66
Thirdly, different styles of speech are used in different
situations, for example, everyday spoken English, which is
colloquial and idiomatic, are different from the English 67
used for academic purposes. For all of these reasons
students will have difficulty, mainly because we lack 68
practice in listening to English people speaking English.
What can a student do then to overcome these
difficulties? Well, obviously, he can benefit in attending 69
English classes and he should take every opportunity
available to speak with native speakers of English. He
should be aware, consequently, that English people are, by 70
temperament, often reserved and may be willing to start a 71
conversation. So he should have the courage to take the initiative
Part ⅥTranslation(15 minutes)
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary (因为它有助于我们改正错误).
73.The secret to our success is that we use a mix of teaching methods,
74. Julie was feeling bored in the evening so she (报名参加) on English and French.
75. As the breadwinner of the family, he has to (从工资里留出一些钱来作为儿子的学费).
76. Unless I receive a satisfactory response from you within a month,
(否则我就把这件事交给我的律师处理).
Part ⅠWriting
Do We Have Our Privacy？
When it comes to the sensitive issue of privacy, different people may have different opinions. Teenagers and young adults are often heard complaining that their own privacy has been infringed by parents and teachers, with their diaries pried into, their calls overheard, or their personal letters opened in their absence. In other words, their privacy is not duly respected by the adult world.
However, parents and teachers think otherwise. In their eyes, children and young students will never be old enough to mind their own business. As the members of the older generation, they should ensure that the younger generation grow up and prosper in a favorable climate. It is a responsibility from which they ought not to escape. Equipped with this mentality, teachers and parents are inclined to interfere in the privacy of the adolescent.
As far as I am concerned, there is something on both sides. Sure enough, everyone has his or her privacy to a certain extent, and there is no exception with children and young people. But we can not go too far on this issue and regard everything as part of the inviolable privacy. On the other hand, parents and teachers have the right to know us on the basis of respect for our reasonable privacy.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. N 根据文章第一段中的overexploits the world's resources（过度开发世界上的资源）和 beyond our ecological means（超出我们的生态承受力）可判断本说法与原文不符。
2. Y 根据句意定位到原文第三段，其内容大致是说一个经济学基金会根据每个学术团体的研究成果计算出"人类即将吞噬地球"的日期是10月9日，由此断定本题表述与原文相符。
3. NG 本题指出环保人士针对自然资源的利用与人们生活水平的提高二者之间的关系做了大量的研究，而原文第四段只是说他们发出了警告，根本没有说到研究，因此本题答案为NG（没有提及）。
4. Y 根据原文第五段内容可以看出过度消耗自然资源会引发一系列的问题，如气候变化，森林被毁，农业产量下降等等，因此本题内容与原文所说相符。
5. Hurricane Katrina 本题是细节题，涉及文章中的一个例子，根据devastated，New Orleans这几个词可定位于文章第七段第二句的后半部分"...such as Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in August year, are being attributed to global climate."由此可确定答案。
6. 23 percent 本题是细节题，涉及地球的资源和人类的过度使用，根据Global Footprint，overusing，the Earth's resources 和by等线索定位于文章第九段第一句"Global Footprint estimates that the human race is overusing the Earth's resources by 23 percent."由此可确定答案。
7. the limit of the Earth's endurance 本题是细节理解题，应当根据人名和关键词搜寻，答案依据在第十段。
8. 19 December，1987 本题是细节理解题，涉及可维持性和时间，根据这两个因素和人名搜寻,可确定答案依据为第十二段第二句"Humanity started living beyond its means on a global lever in 1987."
9. can be replaced/renewed 本题是细节理解题，根据人名确定答案依据在文章的第十五、十六段，尤其是第十五段。
10. tropical rainforests 本题是细节理解题，根据deforestation和species可定位于Energy部分第二段的最后一句"Deforestation of tropical rainforests may account for the loss of as many as 100 species a day."
Part ⅢListening Comprehension
Section A
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. B 18. D
19. A 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B
11. W: The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.
M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job. It's a situation that has to be changed.
Q: What does the man say about women?
12. W: With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is, but do we know where to go with it?
M: Your map seems to differ largely from my geographic map!
Q: What does the man imply?
13. W: Tim, I hate to tell you this, but we're caught in a budget crunch, and we must lay you off. I'm so sorry.
M: I understand. I've enjoyed my time here, and I'm confident I can find something else.
Q: What is the man's response?
14. W: Good morning, Mary, I just saw your friend Tom coming out of the cafeteria.He looks a little changed.Did he get his hair cut or someting?
M: Yeah, several days ago actually.And scarcely any one has noticed.
Q: What does the woman mean?
15. M: Excuse me, but could you tell me how to get to the Friendship Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to have made a mistake.
W: I'm sorry, but I am a stranger here myself. Maybe you can try calling them. There is a phone over there outside the department store.
Q: What does the woman mean?
16. M: How is it going, Mary? You look a little overwhelmed.
W: Exactly. You know, I've got a million things to do and all of them have to be finished in the next 30 minutes.
Q: What does the woman mean?
17. M: Industries that pollute should either be closed down or made to clean up their act. I'm really tired of breathing dirty air.
W: It's not that simple. People need jobs and that means we need industry. Besides, the sunset looks especially beautiful through the smog.
Q: What does the woman say about smog?
18. W: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world's largest manufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.
M: And he dropped out of college to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.
Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?'
Now you'll hear two long conversations.
Conversation One
W: I'm divorcing my husband.
M: How long have you been married?
W: Thirteen years.
M: Do you have children?
W: Yes, and I have to protect them from any more harm from my husband's irresponsibility.
M: So, what are your grounds for divorce?
W: Well, first of all, he keeps changing jobs.We've had to move four times in thirteen years.
M: And you believe that will be good grounds for divorce?
W: I do have a right to stability for my children and myself, don't I?
M: Aren't they his children, too?
W: But my husband is not fulfilling his duties.
M: Is he paying the bills?
W: Well, yes, but we just live around the poverty line. Our kids are being teased by other kids at school because we can't dress them in good clothes! We have to live in a small apartment and drive an old car.
M: Does the car run?
W: Yes, but ,it looks old!
M: Do you yell at him and call him names?
W: Well, he yells at me!
M: So, these are the reasons to not honor your husband. Are you going to give him joint custody in this divorce?
W: No, just visitation rights.
M: Why?
W: Because the law permits me to.
M: And, what about the financial demands of this divorce?
W: I'm demanding half of all we have, which isn't much, and large support payments.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. What does the woman think of her husband?
20. Which of the following is NOT a reason for her to divorce her husband?
21. What will the husband probably get if his wife wins the case of divorce according to the conversation?
Conversation Two
M: The Republican Party in America is opposing stem cell research. I find it hard to believe that in this day and age, someone would do that.
W: Stem cell research sounds pretty impressive, I'll admit. But just what is it?
M: Well, a stem cell is a special type of cell. It is a general cell that, when it divides, can become any specific type of cell.
W: You mean, a stem cell can become a heart cell? or a brain cell or a kidney cell?
M: That's about it. Stem cells are a part of the body's maintenance and repair system. When they divide, they can become any cell type.
W: I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages in that sort of research.
M: You've said a mouthful. Recently, scientists were able to help a man who lost a jawbone from cancer. They recreated bone material for his jaw from stem cells. What it means is that since the new bone was created out of the person's own cells, there was no problem with rejection because the DNA was the same.
W: I bet the person was delighted. Why would anyone oppose that sort of research? It would seem to have endless potential to benefit the human race.
M: I agree, but there are people who think we should not interfere with nature and manipulate "what is natural".
W: It's easier to hold such a narrow view if you're not in a position to need the benefits of the research. If you're missing a jawbone because of cancer, you probably would support the research.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
22. What is special about a stem cell?
23. When can a stem cell become another cell type?
24. According to the conversation, why do some people oppose stem cell research?
25. What is the conversation mainly about?
Section B
26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. C 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. D 35.C
Passage One
There are many ways to "get rich quick". Numerous companies have promised customers that if you follow their guidelines or buy their goods you will be guaranteed to get rich quick. Although many of these methods don't work, at least they are legal ways to get rich. Unfortunately many individuals prefer to use illegal methods of getting rich quick. There are many illegal ways of getting rich. Printing illegal money has been a method many criminals have chosen to get rich quick.
The printing of illegal money is one of the oldest crimes in history. It was a serous problem during the 19th century when banks issued their own money, at the time of the Civil War, it was estimated that one-third of all money in circulation was illegal, the introduction of U.S. dollars in 1863 was expected to solve the problem of illegal money. However, the dollar bills were soon copied so extensively it became necessary for the government to take action. On July 5, 1865, the United States Secret Service was established to stop people printing illegal money.
Although illegal printing of money is less of a problem now than it was one hundred years ago, it is still an issue that is being addressed worldwide. Advanced design, copying and publishing technology are making it easier to produce high-quality illegal money as well as commercial checks, traveler's checks and money orders. A new generation of illegal money printing came when computerized color copiers became capable of producing high-quality copies.This allowed documents to be changed, and false documents to be produced without having the original one. These copiers can easily produce documents that look genuine.
As technology continues to improve, so does the ability of criminals to fool the police as well as the general public. This has become a worldwide method for criminals to get rich quick.
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. What has become a worldwide method for criminals to get rich quick?
27. What did the United States first do to combat counterfeiting?
28. What allows for the creation of false documents without the original one?
Passage Two
Sex influences an individual's attitude towards work. Studies show that for most women family comes first, and careers are less important to them compared with men. But women are, more than men, concerned with social relationships in the workplace, physical conditions of work, shorter working hours and work guarantees. These attitudes are related to traditional social roles, where professional work belongs to the man, as the main source of income for the family, and the woman stays at home.The results of studies in Eastern Europe show that when there are not enough jobs, society thinks that men have more right to them than women. But, generally, the higher the professional qualification of workers of both sexes, the more insignificant are those differences in their attitudes towards work.
In industrial countries the value of work to the individual is influenced by the occupational group to which that person belongs. We can divide workers into two broad groups: non-manual workers with higher education, and manual workers. The attitudes of these two groups are so-called "ideal" types.
For those doing non-manual work, which requires special training, the work itself is the highest value; it becomes their "way of living". Even the time and way of their leisure is adapted to their work. For such people the main value of work is in possibilities of self-expression, self-realization and personal development. Work for them has social value as well-it is seen as work for the common good and social progress, duty, for human kind, and so on.
People doing manual work are rarely oriented to work itself. Their interests and desires are mainly directed to their family and circle of friends. Work for them is the possibility to maintain family, which is why insurance of their work, payment, work conditions are very important for them. Work is important as it fills their time, is the source of money, gives possibility for social integration and develops feeling of self-esteem.
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What factors shape attitudes towards work?
30. Where were the studies showing that society thought men had more right to a job carried out?
31. What is the highest value for people doing non-manual work?
Passage Three
During the 1950s in America, young people were encouraged to be active in society. Both political parties had organizations aimed at encouraging the very young to be involved in politics. The Democratic Party sponsored Teenage Democrats, or TADs as they were known, and the Republican Party sponsored Teenage Republicans or TARs. While adults served as their sponsors, both groups were encouraged to act independently.
They had their own local and state organizational structures with elected leadership. They planned and held events directly related to helping elect candidates of their respective parties. Members did a lot of the boring drudge work in campaigns, all the while learning how to effectively pursue electoral politics.
Then something happened. During the 1960s, vast movements for social change began to sweep across America. At first the traditional party elders must have seen their youth groups as shelters against change, as defenders of their traditional values. To their disappointment, this turned out not to be the case.
Instead, the parties found themselves challenged by their own young people. Many TADs and TARs united across party lines to support lowering the voting age to eighteen.In doing so, of course, they were only using the political system to promote their own interest.While this was the sort of activity expected by their elders, it was in many ways, very traditional political activity.
And in the Democratic Party, they went even further. The insurgent campaign of senator Eugene McCarthy was a youth campaign with many young people acting in leading roles. And, in 1972, the entire Democratic Party was rocked when a youth-led revolt swept a very liberal senator to the presidential nomination.
While there were certainly many other forces in society involved in all of this, it was worth noting that neither of the two main political parties has shown much interest in youth groups since the 1960s and 1970s.
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. What surprised the traditional party elders during the 1960s?
33. What does it mean to say that the Democratic Party was shaken in 1972?
34. What issue caused young people to unite across political lines?
35. According to the passage, why don't political parties show any interest in youth groups anymore?
Section C
When I speak about the development of the economy of this land, I am speaking in terms of sustainable development. This means that we (36) recognize that the development of the economy is dependent on the land, and the continuing good health of the natural (37)environment that has sustained our people for thousands of years.
Sustainable development also means development that includes all our people, that draws on the talents and on the collective wisdom we have (38)inherited from all of our ancestors. When these three elements are in (39)balance-the protection of our land, economic development and the full (40) participation of all our people, then I believe economic development can be sustainable.
Residents of this land are proud of their natural and cultural heritage, their strong relationship to the (41) landscape and to its resources, their communities, their wildlife, and their rich and important history. Our Territorial Parks not only (42) demonstrate and protect these important natural and cultural areas, but they (43) celebrate them and proudly show them locally, regionally, nationally and internationally.
Only through wise use and careful management will the value of this land's wildlife be maintained for the benefit of future generations. (44) Successful management requires a cooperative and coordinated effort on the part of government and resource users. This is the founding principle of co-management.
Our economy is an exciting mix of new growth driven by markets we don't control, and our traditional way of life. (45) Our connections to the land, which we call the traditional economy, are often overlooked by outside observers assessing this land's wealth and economic future.
Climatic change has been called the most important environmental issue the world has ever faced. And, (46) scientists are now projecting with some level of confidence that the warming of our Earth's climate will be much greater in our polar regions. We are doing our part by working towards the development and implementation of a strategy to address climate change in this land.
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. 【答案】In terms of profitability.
【解析】本题问就什么来说，GM（通用汽车公司）在世界大型企业排行榜上排名不在首位。根据题意回到文章开始两句话，可知Toyota（丰田）在profitability（赢利能力）上已经超越了GM，即可得出答案。考生要注意简洁的同时还要注意书写规范，问题是完整句，回答也应该是句子，也就是说第一个单词的首字母要大写。
48. 【答案】respond to/meet/answer the challenges
【解析】本题要求考生根据原文内容填充谓语部分，实际上问的是美国公司的成功之道，也就是说成功在很大程度上取决于什么因素。根据题意考生可定位到原文第二段第二句，不过考生要根据题意补写出the challenges这两个单词，答案方能完整。
49. 【答案】relatively homogenous domestic consumer market
【解析】本题虽然不是太难，但定位至关重要。问题问美国的公司之所以在过去竞争力强的原因所在。根据题意考生可定位到原文第三段第一句，即可得出答案。
50. 【答案】It has to refocus on how to stay competitive.
【解析】本题是一个完整的问题，问的是美国商界应该采取哪些措施应对来自全球的挑战，考生要注意corporate America是个固定用法，意思是"美国商界（或企业界）"，与原文中的American business同义。根据题意，考生可定位到原文第四段第一句的后半部分，即可确定答案。
51. 【答案】the export of quality and strong brands/exporting quality and strong brands
【解析】本题是一道标准的细节题，考生可根据题中的德国企业（German businesses）定位到原文第四段的最后一句，尤其是其中的介词短语with a focus on quality and strong brands,再结合上文中所提及的出口，即可确定答案。
Sebtion B
Passage One
52. B 推论题本题要求推导出"为何人文学科必须在原汁原味的古典文本中加以研究？" 根据问题定位到原文第一段第一、二两句，即可确定答案为B。A项原文没有提到，而C，D 两项则曲解了原文。
53. A 细节理解题根据文章内容，人文课程与经院哲学课程不同的根本原因是人文主义者与经院哲学家对社会的看法不同（见第二段第一句），而不仅仅是人文主义者对经院哲学课程不感兴趣的问题，因此排除B，选择A。C项答非所问，D项文中没有提及，故排除。
54. D 细节推断题本题问作为城市人的人文学者怎么样。根据原文第二段第三句"Many of the humanists were townspeople who were not directly associated with the church."可以判断答案为D项。因为文中没有比较，所以A项错误，B项则属于定位错误，并且对原文理解也有偏差，而C项则与原文意思相反。
55. C 细节题根据题干定位到原文第三段，实际上考查的是对最后一个细节的理解，因此不难得出答案。A项文中没有提到，B项中的训练神职人员错误，而D项则是将文中的原意"人类和社会都可以改进"错误地理解为人类和社会之间的关系。
56. B 主旨题这是一道典型的主旨题，要求考生确定文章标题。在做完上面的四道题后，考生对全文内容有了大致了解，因此不难得出答案为B。A 项太局限，C，D两项太广泛。
Passage Two
57. C 细节推论题文章最后一段的第二、三句的意思是：在每一个问题可以通过机械化或一包种子或一袋化肥解决的背后，还有一个很久以来大家所熟知的社会滞后的问题（social lag）。无论什么时候你想改革人们的一些具体做法，都会遇到一系列错综复杂的问题。因此确定答案为C。A项不够全面，B项文中没有涉及，而D项太笼统。
58. B 细节理解题根据题意定位到第二段，选项中的growing population和getting worse与原文中的population is spiraling upward和going hungry属于同义转述。
59. B 细节推论题根据题干定位到原文第一段第二句"The people of vast areas of the world surface are illed even in prosperous years."可知即使是富饶之年很多人都吃不饱，饥灾之年就更不必说了。因此B项正确。A项与原文意思相反，C，D两项原文并未提及。
60. A 细节理解题根据题意可定位到原文最后一段的第二句，具体解析可参考上面的57题。
61. B 语义题本题考查一个超纲词在特定的上下文中的可能意思，考生需要重点研读原文中与该单词相关的内容。根据下文中的intricate, complex, seem simple but may prove difficult等一系列熟悉的词语，可以猜出该词的意思是B 项"一种令人困惑的局面"。
Part ⅤError Correction
62. culture→cultural 词性错误，并列结构词性应该一致，此处应为形容词作定语。
63. speaking→speak 动词非谓语错误，opportunity to do sth.是固定搭配，此处to为不定式符号，而不是介词。
64. little→much/great 上下文逻辑错误，原文中的意思是"很难"听懂，而不是"容易"。
65. to→for 介词使用错误，reason for 是固定用法。
66. say→speak 谓语动词错误，此处要用不及物动词speak，而say 是及物动词。
67. are→is 主谓不一致错误，主语是everyday English, 谓语就要用相对应的单数is，而不是复数are。
68. we→they 人称代词错误，根据上下文此处应该选择第三人称复数。
69. in→from 介词使用错误，benefit from 是固定搭配，意思是"从......中获益"。
70. consequently→however 连接副词错误，本题实际上是逻辑错误，原文中应该是转折关系，而不是因果关系。
71. willing→unwilling 上下文逻辑错误，前文中的reserved意思是"矜持的"，因此此处意思是"不愿意"开口说话。
Part Ⅵ Translation
72. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us (to) correct/remedy our mistakes(因为它有助于我们改正错误).
73. The secret to our success is that we use a mix of teaching methods, which vary according to the requirements/demands/needs of our students(这些方法根据我们学生的不同需求而变化).
74. Julie was feeling bored in the evening so she signed up for courses(报名参加) on English and French.
75. As the breadwinner of the family, he has to set aside some money from his pay for his son's tuition (从工资里留出一些钱来作为儿子的学费).
76. Unless I receive a satisfactory response from you within a month， I shall put this matter in the hands of my lawyer (否则我就把这件事交给我的律师处理).