Part I Writing (30 minutes)
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions：For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Psychological Problems among College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below:
1. 目前很多大学生存在着较严重的心理问题
2. 造成这些心理问题的原因
3. 应该采取什么措施来解决这些问题
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section，there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
For most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the high street or loading a cart in a shopping mall. Soon, that will change. Electronic commerce is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices. There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from fraud will be harder. Many governments therefore want to extend highstreet regulations to the electronic world. But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation.
Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything from the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs, or their rights to refund(退款) when goods are faulty. But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence in their country is on the screen. Other countries have regulators, but the rules of consumer protection differ, as does enforcement. Even where a clear right to compensation exists, the online catalogue customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to extract a refund for a dud purchase.
One answer is for governments to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules. But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules. And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober states to accept. There is, however, an alternative. Let the electronic businesses do the “regulation” themselves. They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so.
In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset. Governments, too, may compete to be trusted. For instance, customers ordering medicines online may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead.
Consumers will need to use their judgment. But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than consumers of the normal sort---and the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain noisily when a company lets them down. In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
47. What can people benefit from the fast-growing development of electronic commerce?
48. When goods are faulty, consumers in rich countries tend to think that it is ______________ who takes responsibility for everything.
49. In the author’s view, why do businesses place a high premium on honest dealing in the electronic world?
50. People may turn to _______________ in that FDA has too strict rules.
51. _____________are probably more cautious than consumers of the normal sort when buying things.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
The importance of symbols as a source of cultural diversity can be seen in the dress codes and hairstyles of different societies. In most situations, the symbolism of clothing and hairstyles communicates different messages ranging from political beliefs to identification with specific ethnic or religious groups. The tartan(格子呢) of a Scottish clan, the black leather jacket and long hair of a motorcycle gang member in the United States, and the veil of an Islamic woman in Saudi Arabia provide a symbolic vocabulary that creates cultural diversity.
Many examples of clothing styles could be used to illustrate how symbols are used to produce cultural diversity. Consider, for instance, changing dress codes in the United States. During the 1960s, many young people wore jeans, sandals, and beads to symbolize their rebellion against what they conceived as the conformist inclinations of American society. By the 1980s, many of the same people were wearing “power suits” as they sought to advance up the corporate ladder.
An example of how hairstyles can create meaningful symbolic codes can be seen in a group known as the Rastafarians(sometimes known as Rastas or Rastaman) of Jamaica. The majority of the people of Jamaica are of African descent. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, they were brought to Jamaica by European slave traders to work on plantations. The Rastafarians are a specific religious group within Jamaica who believe that Haile Selassie(1892-1975), the former emperor of Ethiopia, whose original name was Ras Tafari, was the black Messiah who appeared in the flesh for the redemption of all blacks exiled in the world of white oppression. Rastafarian religion fuses Old Testament teachings, Christian mysticism, and Afro-Jamaican religious beliefs. The Rastafarian movement originated as a consequence of harsh economic, political, and living conditions in the slums of Jamaica.In the 1950s, during the early phase of the Rastafarian movement, some male members began to grow their hair in “locks” or “dreadlocks” to symbolize their religious and political commitments. This hairstyle became well known in Western society through reggae(强节奏黑人音乐) music and Rasta musicians such as the late Bob Marley. Rastafarians derive the symbolism of the dreadlock hairstyle of the Rastafarians from the Bible. They view the unshaven man as the natural man and invoke Samson as one of the most important figures in the Bible. Dreadlocks also reflect a dominant symbol within the Rastafarian movement, the lion, which is associated with Haile Selassie, one of whose titles was the “Conquering Lion of Judah(犹大).”To simulate the spirit of the lion, some Rastas do not cut their hair, sometimes growing their locks 20 inches or more.
Thus, to a great extent, culture consists of a network of symbolic codes that enhance values, beliefs, worldviews, and ideologies within a society, Humans go to a great length to create symbols that provide meaning for individuals and groups. These symbolic meanings are a powerful source of cultural diversity.
52. What is the main idea of this selection?
A．Hairstyles and dress codes identify political beliefs in diverse societies.
B．The Rastafarian movement symbolized a religious and political commitment.
C．Symbols provide meaning and a satisfaction of biological needs in society.
D．Hairstyles and dress codes can be important symbols of cultural diversity in different societies.
53. The author uses the examples of the Scottish tartan, the motorcycle jacket, and the Islamic veil to show .
A．the political power of dress codes in different societies
B．the diversity of clothing styles throughout the world
C．dress codes that symbolize different ethnic and religious groups
D．the resistance to change of culturally different groups
54.The author suggests that the young people wearing jeans in the 1960s wore “power suits” in the 1980s because .
A．styles changed B．the American government changed
C．their attitudes and goals changed D．both outfits symbolized rebellion
55.All of the following are true of the Rastafarians EXCEPT .
A．they believe that Emperor Haile Selassie was the black Messiah
B．they are the original natives of Jamaica
C．they are a religious group with political commitments
D．they formed as a result of harsh living conditions in Jamaica
55.The Rastafarian movement began .
A．at the beginning of the nineteenth century
B．around the middle of the twentieth century
C．before European slave traders arrived
D．in the early eighteenth century
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Age has its privileges in America, and one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age — in some cases as low as 55 — is automatically entitled to dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one’s need but by the date on one’s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses — as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.
People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them; yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent（有支付能力的）. Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly” and “needy” are synonymous（同义的）. Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor. But most of them aren’t.
It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between the generations.
Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point. Buoyed（受到支持的）by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job — thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.
Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don’t need them.
It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can’t take care of themselves and need special treatment; and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against — discrimination by age.
56. We learn from the first paragraph that _______.
A ) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practice
B ) senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent life
C ) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderly
D ) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount
57. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?
A ) Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society in return.
B ) Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made to society.
C ) The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.
D ) Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Security system.
58. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will _____.
A ) make old people even more dependent on society
B ) intensify conflicts between the young and the old
C ) have adverse financial impact on business companies
D ) bring a marked increase in the companies’ revenues
59. How does the author view the Social Security system?
A ) It encourages elderly people to retire in time.
B ) It opens up broad career prospects for young people.
C ) It benefits the old at the expense of the young.
D ) It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions.
60. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s main argument?
A ) Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.
B ) The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.
C ) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.
D ) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
The homeless make up a growing percentage of American’s population. ___61__, homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly ___62___. To help homeless people ___63___independence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___64___the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
___65___everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __66___ anywhere from 600000 to 3 million. ____67___ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is ___68___. One of the federal government’s studies ___69__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to ___70__this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.
___71__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___72___that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __73__the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __74__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __75__ skills needed to turn their lives__76__. Boston globe reporter Chris reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __77__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __78__Edward Zlotkoski, director of community service at Bentley college in Massachusetts, __79__it , “ there has to be__80__of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.
61. A. indeed B. likewise C. therefore D. furthermore
62. A. stand B. cope C. approve D. retain
63. A. in B. for C. with D. toward
64. A. raise B. add C. take D. keep
65. A. generally B. almost C. hardly D. not
66. A. cover B. change C. range D. differ
67. A. now that B. although C. provided D. except that
68. A. inflating B. expanding C. increasing D. extending
69. A. predicts B. displays C. proves D. discovers
70. A. assist B. track C. sustain D. dismiss
71. A. hence B. but C. even D. only
72. A. lodging B. shelter C. dwelling D. house
73. A. searching B. strolling C. crowding D. wandering
74. A. when B. once C. while D. whereas
75. A. life B. existence C. survival D. maintenance
76. A. around B. over C. on D. up
77.A. complex B. comprehensive C. complementary D. compensating
78.A. so B. since C. as D. thus
79. A. puts B. interprets C. assumes D. makes
80. A. supervision B. manipulation C. regulation D coordination
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese
given in brackets.
81.This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
82.The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).
83.It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
84.It is no use _______________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).
85.The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话).
Keys
Model composition:
Psychological Problems among College Students
There is no denying the fact that psychological problems are becoming serious among college students. Reports are often heard that some collegians committed suicide or murdered their roommates. Typical examples include the case of a Chinese student named Ma Jiajue and that of a Korean student studying in the U.S.
A number of factors may account for these young men and women’s troubles, but the following might the critical ones. First, as young adults, most of them are at the stage of personality formation and are quite sensitive to their surroundings. Secondly, they are at a critical point of personal development and are facing pressure from various aspects: love, academy, job-seeking and so on. To make things worse, most of them are living off home and without their parents care and supervision.
In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that the channel of communication be kept open among students, between students and their superintendents as well as between students and their parents. Besides, psychological counseling should be enhanced and rendered to problem students in time. Only with these measures taken can we expect sound growth of college students.
1-7 BADABCC
8 sunlight
9 toxins
10 liver, yeast and dairy products
11-15 CDDDD
16-20 AABAB
21-25 DDABD
26-30 DCCBD
31-35 ABDBD
36 activity
37 occur
38 average
39 temperature
40 muscles
41 breathing
42 predominating
43 consciousness
44. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm
45. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring In front of you
46. Provided that you do not wake up during the first sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more
47 They have more choices.
48 the government
49 Because it is a valuable competitive asset.
50 Switzerland
51 Electronic shoppers
51-55 DDCCB
56-60 ACBCD
61-65 ABDAD
66-70 CBCAA
71-75 CBDCC
76-80 ABCAD
81.reacts three times as fast as the other one
82.are being replaced by the computer and the projector
83.measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
84.crying over spilled milk
85.Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.
Transcripts
11
M: The view is spectacular. Could you take a picture of me with the mountains in the background?
W: I'm afraid I just ran out of film
Q:What does the woman mean?
12.
W: Nobody told me that Bill was in the hospital.
M: Sorry. I meant to give you a call when I found out but it slipped my mind.
Q: What does the man mean?
13.
M:Can I borrow your calculus textbook? I left mine in the classroom. And it was gone when I went back.
W:That happened to me once. I'd almost given up on finding it until I checked it at the lost-and-found at the information desk downstairs in the lobby.
Q:What does the woman imply about the man should do?
14.
M: I'm really having trouble with this calculus course. If I can't start doing better soon, I'm going to have to drop it.
W: Why don't you get some help from the graduate assistant? That's what he's there for.
Q:What does the woman suggest the man do?
15.
W: I've been working on this report all day. And I've still got 12 pages to write. At this rate, I'll never get it done by tomorrow.
M: Oh, that's right. You weren't in class today, so you probably haven't heard that the deadline's been extended a week.
Q:What does the man imply?
16.
W: I don't think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.
M: I know what you mean. But check out the cost of renting an apartment first, I wouldn't be surprised if you changed your mind.
Q:What does the man think the woman will do?
17.
M: Those airplanes are certainly loud.
W: Aren't they though?
Q: What does the woman think of the airplanes?
18.
W: My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions ?
M: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you know a better place to go than me.
Q：What does the man mean?
Long conversation
Converstation I
W: Hi, Bill, how is it going?
M: Oh, hi, Jan. I’m OK. How about you?
W: You can probably tell just by looking at me. I’m really busy. Hey, what are you reading?
M: A pretty interesting article. My biology professor assigned it, and I thought I just look it over. It’s about endangered species.
W: That sounds pretty interesting. I’m getting frustrated with the two research papers I’m struggling with.
M: Oh?
W: And can you believe they are both due on the same day?
M: That’s tough.
W: I’ll get through it. So what’s this you are reading?
M: Well, it’s basically about the choices environmentalists are faced with. You know, these days it is difficult to get funding. W: Wait a minute. Is the focus on biology or economics?
M: Both. Environmentalists don’t have enough funding to save every endangered species in the world, so they have to decide which species should be saved firstly. W: Can you give me an example of what you mean?
M: Take for instance, two animals, the spotted awl and the tailed toad. The article says the toad is unique. It has no relatives. But there are a lot of varieties of awls.
W: So, if that toad became extinct, we’d lose an important link in the chain of revolution, right?
M: Exactly. So it might be clear choice of which animal to save.
W: I see. I am glad I don’t have to make that kind of decision. Aren’t you?
19 Q. Why is the woman so busy?
20 Q. Why does the woman say she’s frustrated?
21 Q. What problems do environmentalists have?
22 Q. What can be inferred about the tailed toad?
Conversation II
M: Hi, Sue. Where have you been?
W: Oh. Hi, Dan. I was just at the library. I have to hand in my biology paper tomorrow.
M: Tomorrow? Oh, no! I thought it wasn't due till Monday.
W: Oh. Don't worry. It is due Monday. But I'm going away for the weekend and won't be back till Monday night.
M: Oh, where are you going?
W: California. We're having a family reunion. It's my grandmother's ninetieth birthday, so all the cousins and aunts and uncles are going. She planned the whole thing herself.
M: Wow. That's great. How many people will be there?
W: Around sixty. My family is big and spread up but we're pretty close. So have you started working on your biology paper?
M: Yeah. I'm doing it on bees and how they're able to recognize whether another bee is related to them.
W: How can they tell?
M: They use their sense of smell. The sweat bees guard their nest this way. If another bee approaches the nest, the guard determines if the new bee is familiar. If it is, it's allowed to enter.
W: Interesting. Can other insects do this? Well, the paper wasps can. Each wasp nest has a special combination of plant fibers and so the wasps that live there have a unique smell. Those two are the only kinds I've read about so far.
M: Well, you've still got time. It sounds like that the bees are picky about who comes to their family reunion.
23. What is the relationship between the speakers?
24. Why was the man worried at first?
25. According to the man, how do some bees use their sense of smell?
Section B
Passage 1
OK, in the last class we talked about the classification of trees and we ended up with a basic description of angiosperm. You remember that those are plants with true flowers and seeds that develop into fruits. The common broad leaf trees we have on campus fall into this category. But our pines don't. Now I hope you all followed my advice and wore comfortable shoes because as I said today we are going to do a little field study. To get started let me describe a couple of broadleaf trees we have in front of us. I'm sure you've all noticed that this big tree next to Brett Hall. It's a black walnut that must be 80 feet tall. As a matter of fact there is a plaque identifying. It is the tallest black walnut in the state. And from here we can see the beautiful archway of trees at the commons. They are American elms. The ones along the commons were planted when the college was founded 120 years ago. They have distinctive dark green leaves that lock lopsided because the two sides of the leaf are unequal. I want you to notice the elm right outside the Jackson Hall. Some of the leaves have withered and turned yellow, maybe due to Dutch elm disease. Only a few branches seem affective so far but if this tree is sick it'll have to be cut down. Well, let's move on and I'll describe what we see as we go.
26. What are the students going to do during this class period?
27. In what class is this lecture probably being given?
28. What is remarkable about the black walnut tree outside Brett Hall?
29. What is the problem with the elm tree near Jackson Hall?
Passage 2
What was the most popular mix about the United States in the 19th Century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that the farmers worked hard on their own land to produce whatever their families' needed. They might sometimes trade with their neighbors, but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on commercial ties with others. This is how Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmers at the beginning of the 19th century. And at that time, this may have been close to the truth especially on the frontier. But by the mid century sweeping changes in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialized in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. By late in the century revolutionary invents in farm machinery has vastly increased the production of specialized crops and extensive network of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to market in the east and even overseas. By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieved much higher standard of living but at a price. Now farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts, their lives were increasing controlled by the banks, which had powder to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads which set the rates for shipping their crops to the market. As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depression and the implement of world supply and demand on for example, the of price of wheat in hands. And so by the end of the 19th century, the era of Jefferson's independent farmer had come to a close.
30. What is the main topic of the talk?
31. According to the professor, what was the major change in the agriculture during the 19th century?
32. According to the professor, what was one result of the increased use of machinery on farms of the United States?
Passage 3
It is common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions. In fact, since 1930s, music therapists have relied on music to soothe patients and help control pain. Now psychologists are confirming that music can also help relieve depression and improve concentration. For instance, in a recent study, 15 surgeons were given some highly stressed math problems to solve. They were divided into three groups: one worked in silence, and in another, the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones; the third listened to classic music chosen by the researchers. The results of the study may surprise you. The doctors who got to choose their music experienced less stress and scored better than the others. One possible explanation is that listening to music you like stimulates the Alfa-wave in the brain, increases the heart rate and expands the breathing. That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration. Other research suggests a second relation between the music and the brain: by examining the students’ blood after they listening to a variety of classic music collections, the researchers found that some students showed a large increase in endorphin, a natural pain reliever, this supports what music therapists have known for years: Music can help rejuvenate or soothe the patient.
33. According to the speaker how is the music therapy currently used in medicine?
34 What did the study done with surgeons show?
35. In the study of students exposed to classic music, what effect did the music have?
Part III Compound dictation
Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep and they occur in cycles, If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so as you relax more and more you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleeps. The lower your stage of sleep the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.
You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring In front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some ~ to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur. Provided that you do not wake up during the first sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more .You will slip gently back from stage I to 4 .