第十五讲
superior to others 高人一等
热点话题亮点词句
The large scale development of West China is of
profound significance 西部大开发具有深远意义
的伟大复兴 lag behind（发展）滞后
foreign capital 吸引更多的外资
revitalize our nation 实现我们民族
the opening-up policies 开放政策
lure more
leave? far behind 把?远远地甩到后边
In
addition, the west's unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its
development 另外，西部极为不利的地理位置限制了其自身的发展。subsistence problem
温饱问题 If left unchanged, the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect
overall prosperity and even social stability.这种状况若不改变的话，西部的落后将
极大地影响共同富裕的目标甚至社会稳定。 However, the western region development is
a long-term systematic project.然而，西部开发是一个长期的系统工程。 It calls for
tremendous efforts of several generations.它需要几代人的共同努力。 economic
prosperity 经济繁荣 social progress 社会进步 political stability 政治稳定
beautiful landscape 风 光 秀 丽 a deep-rooted concept 一 个 根 深 蒂 固 的 观 念
materialistic society 物质社会 be concerned about 关心 the sense of achievement
成就感 in terms of 从??的角度 a sound attitude 一种正确的态度 strive for
为 ?? 而努力 bookworm 书呆子 the pursuit of our ideals 对我们理想的追求
material well-being 物质财富 utilize the natural resources 利用自然资源 meet
the future needs 满足将来的需要 Competition exists everywhere and it is one of
the motive forces of the development of society 竞争是社会生活中的一个司空见惯的
现象 However, we often find competition exists together with cooperation.然而，
我们经常发现竞争与合作共存的情况。 While we are advocating competition, we can't
forget cooperation.我们在倡导竞争是不可忽略合作。Pure and exclusive competition
leads to failures.纯粹排他的竞争会导致一事无成。 Only competition together with
cooperation helps us a great deal in obtaining our goals and satisfying our needs.
只有既竞争又合作，我们才能实现目标，才能满足自身需要。The current education system
现行教育体制 (be) aimed at 致力于 the practical application of what they have
learned 他们所学知识的实际运用 challenge examination-oriented education 挑战应
试教育 advocate quality-oriented education 倡导素质教育 focus on the students'
ability as a whole 重视培养学生的整体能力 play a key role 起到关键作用
contribute to solving the problem of 有助于??问题的解决 bring up a new
generation 培养一代新人 on a large scale 大规模的 compulsory education 义务教
育 a top priority 最优先（事项） water loss and soil erosion 水土流失
Evidently, the deterioration of the quality of the environment threatens the

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existence of mankind 很明显，环境质量恶化会危及人类的生存。 Therefore, the best
solution is that we should devote to the protection of our home while we are
developing our economy. 因此，最好的策略是，在发展经济的同时致力于保护环境。
sustainable development 可持续发展 Both the government and ordinary people should
join hands to make this world a better place to live in, not only for ourselves,
but also for future generations.政府和百姓应携起手来，一起打造更好的生存环境，不
仅为了自己，更为了我们的子孙后代。 Some academic works are full of plagiarisms.
一些学术作品里充满了剽窃来的思想和文字。 money-oriented salespeople 惟利是图的商
人 fake commodity 假货 achieve success取得成功 impart knowledge(to) 传
授知识 the soul engineer of mankind 人类灵魂的工程师 raise teachers' social
status and improve their material welfare 提高教师社会地位，改善教师物质待遇。an
empty slogan 一个空洞的口号 international prestige 国际地位
unification of China 促进祖国的统一 in the long run 从长远看来
promote the
make every
citizen aware that 使每个人都意识到?? take the lead 起带头作用 deforestation
森林砍伐 ecosystem 生态系统 According to its definition, the purpose of
sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.根据定义，可持续发展战
略提出的目的是在不损害子孙后代的利益的前提下满足今天人们的需要。 The fulfillment
of one's duty and obligations 履行某人的职责与义务
unity of our country 维护我们国家的稳定和统一
maintain the stability and
Children's love for their
parents is the latter's best reward.孩子对父母的爱是对父母最好的回报。 vigor and
vitality 生机与活力 an age of awakening 觉醒的时期 lay a good foundation for the
future 为将来奠定坚实的基础 lack of awareness of time's passage 不能意识到时光的
流逝 go sightseeing 出去观光 remain fresh in one's memory 让某人记忆犹新 It
turned out that 结果表明?(接从句) lengthen people's life expectancy 延长人们
的寿命 If science is properly used, it will benefit mankind, while if it is misused,
it will lead to tragic result.如果正当利用，科学将造福人类，如果利用不当，科学将
引发灾难。 So it's up to us to make science a blessing rather than a curse to mankind.
让科学造福而非引发祸端，这是我们的责任。 propagate endangered animal species
促进濒危动物种群的繁衍。 produce replacement organs for transplant patients 为
病人制造可用于移植的替代器官。The same applies to robots.机器人也存在着相同的问
题。 The concern is good for it calls for adequate attention to the problems of
modern technology and the steps to be taken to guide the direction of its development.
此类想法不无裨益，它能唤起人们对现代科技技术带来的问题的足够重视，同时促使人们采
取措施引导技术的发展方向。come up with 想出，找出（答案，计划等）Tools are the
milestones of technology as well as human being's progress.工具是科技进步和人类
进步的里程碑。medical breakthrough 医学上的重大突破 eradicate 根除 (be)
popular with?受到??的欢迎 (be) enslaved 使沦为奴隶 greenhouse effect 温室
效应 decisive factor 决定因素 serve the interests of? 服务于?利益的需要 I
miss very much our traditional culture whose loss is too high a price to pay.传
统文化令我十分留恋，它的缺失意味着高昂的代价。 Gone forever are not only?, but?
永远失去的不仅是??,还有?? I treasure traditional culture, for it embodies
the very customs and values that sustain our friendship, family and spiritual life.
我珍惜传统文化，因为它代表了维系我们的友谊，家庭和精神生活的固有方式及价值观。


lift intellectual property 窃取知识产权
financial losses 导致巨大的经济损失
e-commerce 电子商务
cause great
It is high time for us to take all the
effective measures to battle against hackers.我们应立即采取有效措施，制止黑壳犯
罪。 Spot some weakness on the Web.窥探到网上的一些漏洞。Enhance the management
on the web 加强对网络的监管力度。Put what we have learned into practice 将我们所
学附诸实践 We should take advantage of science to serve our society.我们应利用
科学服务社会。desirable 满足需要的 The goods come in all shapes, sizes and colors
on the Internet.在网上，商品的形状，大小和颜色一目了然。click the mouse 点击鼠标
The commodities they order will be delivered to them promptly.所订商品立刻送到。
Once cheated, you will find that you have nowhere to go to complain.一旦上当，投
诉无门。 abuse 滥用 an indispensable part in modern life 现代生活不可或缺的一
个方面。 mass education 大众教育 a two-edged sword 一把双刃剑 a national
long-distance educational system 全 国 远 程 教 育 系 统 provide educational
opportunities via Internet 通过网络提供教育机会 So I think people should use
cell phones as little as possible and turn them off on important occasions.因此，
我认为人们应尽量少用手机，在重要场合要关掉手机。 Of course, cyber games also have
their negative effects.当然，网络游戏也有负面效应。 It is strongly suggested that
we should not indulge in them. 我们千万不能沉迷其中。prohibit 禁止 pour all their
pocket into cyber games 把全部的零用钱都花在网络游戏上。skip school 逃学 lead
students astray 将学生引入歧途 enhance the punishment of the illegal owner of the
cyberbars 加强对不良网吧业主的惩罚力度。In this way, children will become very lazy
and unwilling to use their mind 这样，学生就变得非常懒惰，不喜欢用脑。 E-mail, an
entirely new way of communication by means of computers, is becoming so popular
nowadays that it's difficult to imagine modern life without it.电子邮件作为一种
全新的通信方式日益普及，我们很难想象若无电子邮件，现代生活会是什么样子。
language barrier 语言障碍 But after all, computer is computer, it can never
replace a human brain.但不管怎样，电脑终究是电脑，它永远不可能取代人脑。 for the
sake of relaxation 为了达到放松的目的。Participate in social activities 参与社会
活动 Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between the audience and
the general directors of the annual spring festival galas.如今，观众和春节晚会导
演组之间常缺乏相互理解。 take the first step 迈出第一步 unethical 不道德的
Ecologists point out that a cluster of high-rise buildings in a city often overburden
public transportation and parking-lot capacities.生态学家指出，城市里的高层建筑
群使公共交通和停车容量负担过重。 interfere with 干涉，影响， In order to protect
the only earth for ourselves and for our children, let's work together and keep
our cities from growing further in height!我们只有一个地球，为了我们自身及后代着
想，兴建摩天大楼风不可涨！ Have more say in the international affairs 在国际事
务中有更多的发言权 try to give up their absolute power in family to give a better
image to their children 尽量放弃他们（父母）在家中的绝对权利，在孩子面前树立良好
的形象。 laid-off workers 下岗工人 call on the efforts from all sides 号召各个
方面做出努力 job vacancy 就业空位，就业机会 seize every chance to begin a new
career 抓住一切机会来开创新的事业 new post 新的岗位 social transformation era
社会转型阶段 a rational system of setting prices 合理的定价体系 improve the
quality 提高质量 lower the cost 降低成本 cheap in price and high in quality
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质优价廉
Generally speaking, the advantages of urbanization can be listed as
follows. 一般说来，城市化可以带来下列好处。 quicken our pace 加快我们的步伐
improve the standards of living 提高生活水平 lottery tickets of social welfare,
sports industry and football games 福利彩票，体育彩票和足球彩票 lottery citizens
"彩民" sponsor charities or athletic development 扶持慈善事业与体育发展 try
one's luck 碰运气 make easy money 轻松赚钱 great temptation 巨大的诱惑 In my
mind, lottery is much the same as gambling in nature and it certainly brings more
negative effects than positive effects, if any.在我看来，购买彩票与赌博在性质上
并无二致，它有很多负面作用，而正面作用却微乎其微。 earning-quick-buck mentality
迅速暴富的思想 Secondly, not a few people, being indulged in lottery, lose not
only initiative for work but also interest in life.第二，不少人对彩票痴心不改，
对工作失去了积极性，对生活失去了兴趣。 Wishful thinking 如意算盘 fall into four
categories 归结为四类 addiction to drugs 吸毒成瘾 habitual drug-takers（吸毒）
瘾君子 First, mass media keep us well informed of the happenings of the world which
would otherwise remain unknown.首先，通过大众传媒，我们对世界风云变幻了如指掌，
否则我们就会一无所知。 They must make great efforts to meet the satisfaction of
the adults, and at the same time go out of their way to avoid imposing bad influence
on the children.他们既要努力满足成年观众的需求，又要避免影片对儿童产生不利影响。
Films and TV series ought to educate the young but not to ruin them.影片和电视节
目应对未成年人起到教化作用而不是教唆作用。 combine book knowledge with practice
将书本知识与实践结合 Though it does good to college students in many ways, the
golden week can never be said to bring no problems.对大学生而言，尽管黄金周好处
多多，但其负面效应也是客观存在的。 cherish time 珍惜时间 Nowadays we have heard
too much about piracy here and there.今天，盗版现象随处可见 pirated videos and
pornographic publications 盗版影碟或淫秽出版物 make great fortune overnight 一夜
暴富 authentic copyright holders 版权合法持有者 prosecute 起诉 employ more
scientific and advanced inspection methods 利用更多科学，先进的检测手段 only
attach importance to superficial characteristics 只注重产品的外在特征 tell the
authentic copy from the false one 将正版与盗版区分开来 Actions speak louder than
words.行动胜于空谈。 The early 1990's witnessed an unprecedented tide of rural
workers flooding into big cities.２０世纪９０年代初期，农民工开始如潮水般地涌入
大城市。 No one denies the important contribution rural workers have made to urban
development.没有人能否认农民工为城市建设做出的重要贡献。 An indispensable part of
urban life 城市生活中不可或缺的一部分 Yet an anti-migrant attitude runs
consistently through the mainstream of urbanization.然而，反对农民工进城的态度一
直贯穿于城市化主流进程之中。 They also blame them for the sharp rise in urban crime
rate.他们还把城市犯罪率的急剧上升归罪于农民工。 Most of the government officials
are honest and hardworking, but cases of dishonesty and corruption in government
are frequently reported in recent years.大多数政府官员是诚实敬业的。但近年来官员
渎职，腐败案件时有发生。 seek ease and comfort 贪图安逸享乐 neglect one's duty
玩忽职守 They abuse the power entrusted to them by the people.他们滥用人民赋
予的权利。 government at all levels 各级政府 launch a nationwide campaign against
all forms of corruption 在 全 国 范 围 内 开 展 反 腐 败 斗 争 。 serve the people
whole-heartedly 全心全意为人民服务。 expose and denounce the offenders 曝光和


揭发违法犯罪者 supervisory authorities 监督部门 a guarantee to strengthen the
economic construction 促进经济建设的保证 take strict and effective measures 采
取严厉，有效的手段 Honesty can earn government high prestige among people, and
maintain the close ties between government and its people.诚实守信能为政府赢得威
信，加强政府与人民的密切联系。
a dramatic increase 急剧的增长 shortsightedness 短视的行为，无远见的行为 quit
school 辍学 earn one's living 谋生 make the farmers fully aware of the importance
of the young generation's education 使农民充分认识到青少年教育的重要性。lighten
their financial burden 减轻他们的经济负担 one-child policy 独生子女政策 the
treasure of the whole family 全家的宝贝 satisfy the child's need 满足孩子的需要
the spoiled child 被宠坏的孩子 Moreover, too much praise makes the children proud,
which further spoils them and renders them liable to develop all kinds of bad habits
in the long run 另外一点是，从长远看来，对孩子过度的赞扬会助长其骄傲心理，他们依
仗父母的宠爱，可能会染上各种坏习惯。 ensure their normal growth and development
促进他们的健康成长与发展 the harmful effect of indulgence 放任（孩子）的危害
the inevitable by-products of the diploma craze 文凭热的必然产物 lay too much
emphasis on their candidates' educational background 过于看重应聘者的教育背景
win the employer's favor 获得顾主的青睐 Therefore, fake diplomas disturb the
normal order of job markets and do great harm to society. 因此，假文凭破坏就业市
场的正常秩序，对社会造成极大危害。 anti-forgery technology 防伪技术 fabricate
伪造（文书） We should not only expose the fabricators through media but also punish
them severely by law.对造假者不仅应该通过媒体将其曝光，还应该用法律手段严加惩罚。
Some children become so addicted to the foreign snacks that they will go eating
whenever possible.有些孩子对洋快餐迷恋到了极点，一有可能就要去吃。 junk food 垃
圾食品 Through their contact with animal, children learn how to take care of those
dependent on them, which helps them develop a sense of responsibility and cultivate
their patience as well.通过与动物相处，孩子们能学会如何照顾好那些需要关爱的动物，
有助于培养他们的责任感和耐心。 However, for a few people, keeping pets is an
ostentatious display of their wealth.然而，对某些人而言，饲养宠物只是炫耀财富的
一种手段。 cause serious hygiene problems 引发严重的卫生问题 The barking of
dogs and mewing of cats can also be an annoyance to the neighbors 狗和猫的叫声会
影响邻里。 As the saying goes, women can hold up half the sky.俗话说得好，妇女
能顶半边天。They compete with men in many fields and contribute significantly to
society.她们在许多领域与男子一起开展工作，为社会做出了重要贡献。 They are no
longer tied to the household chores and the job of bringing up their children.
她们的工作不再仅限于家务琐事和养儿育女。 Although women's status has changed
considerately, their complete liberation if far from being realized.尽管妇女的地
位有了很大程度的提高，但她们的彻底解放依然任重道远。 Their work is often
undervalued and underpaid.她们的工作通常不被重视，薪酬较低。 The elimination of
such injustice requires the concern and efforts of the whole society.要消除这种
不平等还需要全社会的关注与努力。 face the danger of extinction (生物等)面临灭绝
的危险 (be) confronted with 面临（危险，困难等），面对 They are an indispensable
part of ecosystem and natural beauty.它们（野生动物）是生态系统和自然美中不可缺
少的一部分。wild life reserve 野生动物保护区 Only if we human beings take some
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drastic measures can wild animals be preserved.只有采取果断措施，野生动物才能得
以保护。narrow the gap between?缩小??之间的差距（分歧） In this way, both
parental hopes and personal ideals will come true.这样，父母的期望与个人的理想都
能实现。 The expansion of deserts must be stopped if we are to survive on this
planet.如果我们想在这个星球上生活下去，沙漠扩张的势头必须得到遏止。 a green belt
of trees 绿化带 We hope that man can make great efforts to develop better ways
to bring the spreading deserts under control.我们希望人类能竭尽全力来控制沙漠的
蔓延。 It is not difficult to explain the reason for their surprising amount of
interest in famous people's lives.记者对名人生活如此热衷，其原因不难解释。
satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 lead a normal life 过正常人的生活
Famous people are also citizens. They have the right to keep their own privacy like
ordinary people---- the basic right which should be respected, protected and
guaranteed by our laws in whatever circumstances. 名人也是人。 他们有权像普通人
一样拥有自己的隐私，这种权利在任何情况下都应该得到尊重，保护和保证。 relieve us of
the fatigue from work 使我们从工作的疲惫中解脱出来。 balance one's budget（收
入）预算平衡 on one's own 独自，靠自己 adapt to college life 适应大学生活 Only
in this way can we lead a meaningful and fruitful college life.只有这样，我们的
大学生活才更有意义，更有收获。 peer group 同龄人群体 stay up late 熬夜
self-image自身形象 cultivate our other interests培养各方面的兴趣 development
in an all-around way 全面发展 a rewarding job 有价值的工作，满意的工作 put
one's ability into full play 让某人的能力得以充分施展。 job prospect 就业前景
gear their courses to the needs of industries and business 使他们的课程适应工商
业活动的需要 source of knowledge and wisdom 知识和智慧的源泉 place too much
emphasis on grades 过于看重分数 rigid grading system 僵化的评分制度 Chinese
primary and middle school students have been groaning under huge amount of homework,
frequent exams and ambitious expectations of their parents.长期以来，中国中小学
生不堪重负，这种压力源自大量的作业，频繁的考试和父母过高的要求。 physical and
psychological health 身心健康 moderately reduce students' study load 适度减轻学
生学习负担 We should explore various evaluation systems so as to arouse students'
practical ability and interest in study instead of just giving them grades.我们
应努力探索各种评价手段，以提高学生的实际能力和学习兴趣，一味以分取人的做法不可取。
neither overuse nor misuse the reference books 既不滥用也不误用参考书 make
concerted efforts to publish fewer but better reference books 一起努力，出版精品
参考书 The psychological courses open a door for communication and relaxation
心理课程提供了交流和放松心情的机会。 Learning to get on well with others should
be a part of our school education.学会与人相处是学校教育的应有之义。 We were often
told that sometimes personal relationship is even more important than our
professional skills or knowledge for our future career.我们知道，人在职场，有时
人际关系甚至比专业知识更为重要。 face the fierce competition 面对激烈的竞争
Times are different, and the job market demands personnel with a variety of skills.
时代不同了，人才市场需要不同才干的人。 Firstly, there is a recognition that an
candidate with a master's degree will have an competitive advantage over those with
only a bachelor's degree.首先，人们意识到，在就业竞争中，拥有硕士学位者比只拥有
学士学位者占有优势。 Consequently many companies set a much higher standard for


new recruits than ever. 因此，许多公司在新员工招聘标准方面设置了比以往要高得多的
门槛。 Then if conditions change, you can slip with comparative ease from one field
into another, avoiding the pain of waking up to find yourself out of a job.一旦
情形有变，你可以比较轻松地跳槽，免受突如其来的失业痛苦。Obviously public awareness
of the situation has created a surge of interest in acquiring a master's degree.
很显然，人们对这种形式心知肚明，从而导致攻读硕士学位的热情日益高涨。 Going abroad
for studies benefits us enormously. In addition to knowledge, we can gain experience
those who stay at home will never have.出国求学使我们受益匪浅。我们不仅能获得知
识，还能获得与国内生活迥异的经历。 a different perspective of the world.不同的
世界观 (be) exposed to different ideas and values（使）接触到不同的思想和价值
观 culture shock 文化震荡，文化冲击 The payoff is worthwhile.其回报是丰厚的。
perseverance 毅力 adolescence 青春期，青年期 When the children come back, who can
guarantee that they can adapt to the fierce competition here? 当这些孩子回来后，
谁能保证他们定能适应国内的激烈竞争呢？ We can see clearly that although
teenagers' studying abroad may bring some favorable results, there are still a lot
to worry about.我们不难看出，尽管青少年出国留学有一定好处，但让人担忧之处也有很
多。 Nowadays some college graduates complain that what they learned at college is
not much helpful to them in their future work. 如今，一些大学毕业生抱怨，在学校
学到的知识对他们要从事的工作没什么太大的帮助。 It is high time for colleges to
advance a revised teaching program and adapt their curricula to the requirements
of new times.大学急需修订其教学计划，使课程体系适应新时代的需求。 the planned
economy 计划经济 a market-oriented economy 市场经济 It is essential for
colleges to make adjustments to their curricula and catch up with the rapid
development of modern society. 大学有必要对其课程体系做出调整，从而跟上现代社会
的发展步伐。 far-reaching 深远的 gain social experience 获得社会经验
conduct some social investigations 做一些社会调查 drop out of school 失学
poverty-stricken area 贫困地区 call on people in the developed areas to lend their
hands to those children 号召发达地区的人们帮助那些（贫困）孩子 Therefore, the
Project Hope is the hope of those remote regions as well as that of the whole nation.
因此，希望工程体现的不仅是那些边远地区的希望，也体现了整个国家的希望。 pocket
money 零用钱 I firmly believe that with the effort of our government and the whole
nation, the Project Hope is bound to be a success. 我相信，在我们政府和全国人民
的努力下，希望工程一定能取得成功。