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英语中考复习资料系列之句法2
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英语中考复习资料系列之句法1
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2011英语中考复习资料系列之动词
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三十六计英文表达法
 三、 常见习惯用语
(一) 知识概要
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。オ
(二) 正误辨析
[误] - What can I do for you?
- Yes， please help me
[正] - What can I do for you?
- I'd like to buy a sweater
[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。
[误] - Which colour do you like?
- Sorry， I don't like
[正] - Which colour do you like?
- I prefer blue
[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it豹
[误] Do you like to come with us tonight?
[正] Would you like to come with us tonight?
[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：
Shall we go? 我们走吧!
Let's go? 让我们走吧!
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?
What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?
Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢?
其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O.K. All right， With pleasure豹
[误] Sorry， I've kept you waiting豹
Not at all
[正] Sorry， I've kept you waiting豹
Never mind
[析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：
- Do you mind my smoking here?- _________
A. Yes， do it please豹
B. No， of course not豹
C. Yes， take it please豹
D. No， you can't take it豹
这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：
Do you mind if I open the door?
Would you mind mailing the letter for me豹
其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all
而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry豹
[误] What's that man?
He is Mike
[正] What's that man?
He is a teacher
[正] Who's that man?
He is Mike (He is Mike's father)
[析] 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。
[误] - How much are they?
- Half a kilo， please
[正] - How many bananas do you want?
- Half a kilo Please
[析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。
[误] I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park?
[正] Excuse me， but is this the way to the park?
[析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。
[误] - Have a good time tonight!
- You are the same
[正] - Have a good time tonight!
- The same to you
[析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。
[误] - What's the problem?
- I've got a headache
[正] What's wrong with you?
I've got a headache
[析] What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。
[误] - Now， I'm back Can I play?
- Perhaps You'd better do your homework first
[正] - Now， I'm back Can I play?
- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first
[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps倍 I'm afraid not 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：
I'm afraid that you are right豹
其后直接加宾语从句。
- Will you come to my birthday party?
- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital豹
其后+not，表示否定。
- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog豹
其后+名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam豹
其后+ of + 动名词，表示害怕做某事。
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam豹
其后+ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。
[误] - How soon will you be ready?
- Two days
[正] - How soon will you be ready?
- In two days
[析] 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。
[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off?
- I don't mind豹
- Monday and Tuesday of next week
[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off?
- When exactly豹
- Monday and Tuesday of next week
[析] 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。
[误] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?"
[正] Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?"
[析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。
[误] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- I don't hope so
[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- I hope not
[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so 但I don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!
[误] - Is anybody there?
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave
[正] - Is everybody there?
- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave
[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave豹
[误] - Your handwriting is very good!
- No， my handwriting is very poor
[正] - Your handwriting is very good!
- Thank you
[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。
[误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first"
[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go"
[析] 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。
[误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
- I'd like to， and I'm too busy
[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
- I'd like to， but I'm too busy
[析] I'm too busy 与 I'd like to 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。
[误] - Where's Deter?
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet
[正] - Where's Deter?
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet
[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。
[误] - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
- Great You look well too
[正] - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!
- Thanks You look well too
[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。ニ以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。オ
(三) 例题解析
1薄 - Would you like to have some rice?
- _________ .
A薄Yes， I like B薄Yes， please C薄of course D薄Yes， I have
—
[答案] B.
[析] 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please 如不想接受则用No， thanks豹
2薄 - Nice to see you
—- _________ .
A薄Good morning B薄Happy to meet you， too
C薄Nice to see you， too D薄Pleased to meet you， too
—
[答案] C.
[析] 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。
3薄 - Would you please give me some water?
- _________ .
A薄Yes， I would B薄Certainly C薄No， thanks D薄Yes， please
—
[答案] B.
[析] 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。
4薄 - Thank you very much for helping me豹
- _________ .
A薄You're welcome B薄It doesn't matter
C薄No need D薄Don't say that
—
[答案] A.
[析] You're welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为：没关系。
5薄 - Hello， Lucy How are you?
- _________ And you?
A薄Fine， thanks B薄Yes， I am
C薄Glad to meet you D薄Good afternoon
—
[答案] A.
[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"
6薄 - Help yourself to some meat豹
- _________
A薄It sounds nice. B薄Yes， please.
C薄Yes， Let's help each other. D薄Thank you.
—
[答案] D.
[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。
7薄 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold豹
- _________
A薄Fine， How are you? B薄Never mind Take care
C薄Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon. D薄I'm sorry to hear that
—
[答案] D.
[析] 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。
8薄 - Meimei you speak English very well豹
- _________ .
A薄No， I don't think so B薄Thank you very much
C薄Not good enough D薄That's all right
—
[答案] B.
9薄 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"
- _________ , Mum I'll get it.
A薄Yes， I could B薄No， thanks
C薄O D薄Yes， but I have no time
—
[答案] C.
[析] 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。
10薄 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away?
- _________
A薄No， thanks. B薄With pleasure.
C薄I'm not afraid. D薄I'm sure you will.
—
[答案] B.
[析] With pleasure 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。
11薄 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?
- _________
A薄Hold on， please. B薄That's the headmaster， please.
C薄Who are you ? please. D薄Sorry I'm not the headmaster.
—
[答案] A.
[析] hold on， please 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。
12薄 - Happy birthday!
- _________
A薄Thank you. B薄The same to you.
C薄Good luck. D薄Congratulations.
—
[答案] A.
[析] the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。
13薄 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help豹
- _________
A薄Good night. B薄That's nothing.
C薄Very well. D薄Thank you all the same.
—
[答案] D.
[析] 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。
14薄 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything豹
- _________ .
A薄I'm sorry B薄Don't worry
C薄Good luck D薄Bad luck
—
[答案] D.
[析] 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that倍不能单用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。
15薄 - _________
- I have got a cough豹
A薄What's your trouble? B薄What have you got?
C薄Why did you come here? D薄Have you got a cough?
—
[答案] A.
[析] What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you?
16薄 - Would you like to go shopping with me?
- _________
A薄Yes， I'd love to. B薄That's right.
C薄Yes， please. D薄Quite well.
—
[答案] A.
[析] 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to I'd like to豹
17薄 - What's the weather like today!
- _________
A薄It's nice for a walk. B薄I like autumn best of all.
C薄It will be fine tomorrow. D薄It's rather cold today.
—
[答案] D.
[析] 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D
18薄 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her豹
- Sorry， she is out You'd better _________ .
A薄visit her in the office B薄call her later
C薄see her this afternoon D薄speak to her yourself
—
[答案] B.
[析] call her later 晚些时候再来电话。
19薄 - _________
- Very well， thank you， and you?
A薄How do you do? B薄Good morning
C薄How are you these days? D薄How do you like English?
—
[答案] C.
[析] 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do?
20薄 - How is your mother?
- _________
A薄She is old. B薄She is no better than she was.
C薄She is kindearted. D薄She is in her forties.
—
[答案] B.
[析] How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。
21薄 - Thank you very much for your help豹
- _________ .
A薄You're welcome B薄Please don't
C薄There's no trouble D薄No， no
—
[答案] A.
22薄 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him
He says " _________ ."
A薄It was nothing B薄I'm glad you enjoyed it
C薄Don't say it D薄No， needn't
—
[答案] B.
[析] 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。
23薄 - Thank you for your good present豹
- _________ .
A薄It's not good B薄No， no
C薄My pleasure D薄Never mind
—
[答案] C.
24薄 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say _________ .
A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you
[答案] B.
25薄 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner
- _________ .
A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't
[答案] B.
[析] That's all right 没关系。
26薄 - I'm sorry if I hurt you豹
- _________ .
A薄I'm sorry B薄It's not true
C薄It doesn't matter D薄Don't say sorry
—
[答案] C.
27薄 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you
- _________ .
A薄I'm sorry B薄What a pity
C薄It doesn't matter to me D薄That's terrible
[答案] B.
[析] What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。
28薄 - Help yourself to some fish豹
- _________ .
A薄You are very kind B薄Yes， I'm helping myself
C薄Thank you D薄Yes， don't worry about me
[答案] C.
29薄 - Are you ready?-______ .
A薄I'm very sorry B薄Try to be patient
C薄Not yet， wait a minute D薄Do you have the time， please?
[答案] C.
[析] not yet 意为还没有完成。
30薄 - Mum， I have passed the exam豹
- _________ .
A薄That's all right B薄Congratulations
C薄You are luck D薄Good luck to you
[答案] B.
31薄 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again豹
- _________ .
A薄All right B薄That's all right
C薄O D薄I hope so， too
[答案] D.
32薄 Must I wait till he comes back? .
A薄No， you needn't B薄No， you mustn't
C薄No， you may not D薄No， you can't
[答案] A.
[析] must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。
33薄 - _________ I pay you the house rent right away?
- Yes， you have to do it豹
A薄Shall B薄Way C薄Must D薄Have
[答案] C.
34薄 - Don't you think this colour is too bright?
- _________
A薄Yes， I agree. B薄Yes， but I don't think so.
C薄Yes， of course not. D薄Yes， what's wrong?
[答案] A.
35薄 - It was cold yesterday豹
- _________ .
A薄So was it B薄So it was
C薄I believe not so D薄I believe not
[答案] B.
[析] 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。
36薄 - What do you think of the song?
- _________ .
A薄I like music very much B薄I like it too
C薄With pleasure D薄It sounds sweet
[答案] D.
[析] sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。
37薄 Do you like tea or coffee? _________ .
A薄Yes， I do B薄Thank you
C薄That's fine D薄Either will do
[答案] D.
[析] either will do 为两者哪个都可以。
38薄 I like your sweater very much豹 _________ .
A薄No， it's ugly B薄Sorry
C薄Thank you D薄You're welcome
[答案] C.
[析] 这是英美语言的习惯。
39薄 He likes travelling by train _________ .
A薄So do I B薄I dos
C薄I like so D薄I like it， neither
[答案] A.
40薄 - How do you like your school?
- _________ .
A薄I like it very much B薄It's very beautiful
C薄I doesn't like it D薄Very well
[答案] B.
[析] How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。
41薄 What a nice day! _________
A薄You're right. B薄No， isn't it?
C薄Yes， isn't it? D薄Really?
[答案] C.
[析] Yes， isn't it 是的，难道不是个好天气吗?
42薄 - Hello， _________ ?
- This is Della speaking豹
A薄Who are you B薄Are you Tom
C薄Who is that D薄Please tell me who are you
[答案] C.
[析] 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。
43薄 -What's he like?
- _________ .
A薄He likes English B薄He is old
C薄He is like a farmer D薄He is tall and this
[答案] D.
[析] 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。
44薄 How did you do your job?
Not very well， _________ .
A薄I'm sure B薄I am afraid
C薄Thank you D薄I'm sorry
[答案] B.
[析] I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。
45薄 - _________ your aunt?
-She is a principal of a middle school豹
A薄What does B薄Where does
C薄What is D薄Whom is
[答案] C.
46薄 - _________
- He is my boss豹
A薄What's the man? B薄Who is the man?
C薄How is the man? D薄What does the man do?
[答案] B.
47薄 - May I have your name?
- _________ .
A薄No， no B薄You're polite
C薄Call me John D薄It's kind of you
—
[答案] C.
48薄 - Shall I make coffee for you?
- _________ .
A薄Yes， thank you B薄No， don't trouble
C薄Don't trouble this， thank you D薄No， don't make it
—
[答案] A.
49薄 - Could you show me the way to Mr Buown's office?
- _________ .
A薄Not at all B薄I'm sure
C薄All right D薄I can do it
—
[答案] C.
50薄 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon?
- _________ .
A薄It's very kind of you B薄You are so thoughtful
C薄That's a good idea D薄Yes， we'll go
—
[答案] C.