推荐阅读：
1. Some people believe that it is very necessary to encourage competition in a modem society.
2. Other people think that it is not necessary, especially in our society.
3. Your comments on these two views, and give examples to support your opinion.
As our society is developing at a quick pace, competition is quite common. Some people believe that it is very necessary to encourage competition in a modern society. I do agree with this opinion. Competition will help promote the society, and help remove what is backward. For example, if a factory has how efficiency, and its products can’t be sold at the market, it will be defeated by stronger factories with high efficiency. In this way the stronger will survive and the backward will drop out, which is beneficial to our society.
Other people think that competition is not necessary, especially in our society. I can understand their worry, but I can’t support this view. They are worried that competition will bring about unemployment and social disorder. But I believe that competition will help some people to realize they have to work hard or they will be ousted.
My view is clear that competition is necessary in our society. With the competition, our market is lively, and efficiency has been improved. One example is the TV production. As there is a severe competition in TV manufacturing, at the market the price of a TV set continues to drop. As a result, the quality of TV is better and the price is lower. Customers have benefited from this competition. Therefore, I believe that competition should be encouraged.
22 短文指导
You are preparing for an English test and some reference books are needed. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:
1) detailed information about the books you want;
2) methods of payment;
3) time and way of delivery.
You should 100 worlds on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文译文
Dear Sir,
As a customer of your bookstore, I write this letter to ask for some information about some reference books on English tests. I am planning to take part in the NETEM, which is to be held in the spring of 2005. Since it is a difficult test, I am in need of a comprehensive and well-written reference book. Because I am fully occupied with my work and studies, I can only remit the payment to you when I hear from you. I wish you could then send the book by mail as soon as you have received the payment. Please reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
(112 words)
我是贵店的常客，写此信的目的是为了询问英语考试方面的某些书籍。我将参加2005年春季举行的全国研究生入学英语考试。参加这么一个困难的考试，我急需一本高质量的综合性指导书籍，请给我的询问回复。由于我现在的工作和学习很快，只能通过汇款的方式支付书款。收到钱后请尽快帮我办理。敬请盼复。
思路启迪
本单元的情景是考试大纲所示例的样文。应用文(包括信签、便签、备忘录等)写作是全国硕士研究生入学考试从2005年新增加的考试形式，旨在考察考生准确和恰当运用英语语言的能力，符合中国英语语言教学的发展趋势和时代要求。
根据考试大纲的要赤诚，考生的作文必须很好地完成试题规定的任务。包括所有的要点;使用丰富的语法结构和词汇;语言自然流畅，语法错误较少;有效地采用了多种衔接的手法，文字连贯，层次清晰;格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生预期的效果。(指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等)。
书信和信件是交往中常用的方式，也是考试中应该准备的学习内容。先将写信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。先将写书信应该注意的问题作一个简单的说明。
一：信头(Heading)
指发信人的单位名称、地址、发信日期。考试时候不要求写出。
格式：从信纸的上部中央往右写，第一行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号码、街名，第三行写市名、省名、国名，第四行写发信日期。学生写信时第一行写班级名称，第二行写学校名称，第三行写市、省名，第五行写国家名称，第六行写发信日期。国内信件国名可以不写。
二：信内地址(Inside Address)
指收信人的姓名、单位和地址。考试时候不要求写出。
格式：信头下隔一二行，从左边开始写，第一行写姓名、头衔，第二行写单位名称，第三行写门牌号及路名，第四行写市名、省名及邮政号码，第五行写国名。
商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和地址。亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址，信头处写发信日期就行了。
三：称呼(Salutation)
格式：信内地址下隔一二行写称呼，其左要与信内地址第一行对齐。对不相识的男子，单数常用 “Sir”, “Dear Sir”, 或 “My Dear Sir”;复数常用 “Dear Sirs” 或“Gentlemen”。 对女子，单数常用 “Madam”，“Dear Madam”或“My Dear Madam”;复数常用“Mesdames”或 “My Dear Mesdames”;对比较熟识的男子，普通称 “Dear Mr. ……”; 女性通常称“Dear Mrs. (或Miss)……”。熟人和亲人常直呼其名，不用姓氏(以 “Dear”为例)：1)“Dear David”;2)“My dear David”;3)“My David” 4)“My dearest David”;5)“My Dearest”;6)“Darling David”;7)“My Darling”;8)“My very own darling”等。有头衔的可把头衔写放在名字前，如“Prof Wang”， “Dr Lin”等。
四：正文(Body of Letter)
格式：称呼下面隔两行开始写正文。每段第一个字母要缩进3至5个字母的空格。正文是信的主要部分，内容要简单明了，一般不用同汉语信一样的“你好(how are you?)”之类的词。
五：结束语(Complimentary Close)
结束语是写信人对收信人的谦称，写在正文下面二三行处，从中间写起，第一个词不达意的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。给不相识的人可用：
“Yours truly”或“Truly yours”
“Yours faithfully”或“Faithfully yours”
“Yours Sincerely”或“Sincerely yours”
给上级或长者可用：
“Yours respectfully” 或 “Respectfully yours”
“Yours obediently”或 “Obediently yours”
“Yours”, “Yours ever”, “Ever yours”, “Yours as ever”或 “Yours sincerely”
给亲属或挚友的信可用：
“Yours affectionately”, “Lovingly Yours”, “Your loving son(child, sister…)”, 或”Yours devoted friend”等。结束语末尾要用逗号。
六：签名(Signature)
即写信人署名。一般情况下，把本人姓名签在结束语之下。考试时候统一写为“Li Ming”。
23 短文指导
You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George,
1) introducing the fair briefly;
2) explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him;
3) and telling him briefly how to get there.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文译文
Dear George,
I’ve got a ticket for a computer fair, but now I find I’m unable to go because of some unexpected businesses. I’ve learned there are a lot of updated anti-virus programs and newly-developed models on show, and a cyber-head like you would not miss the opportunity for anything. I can’t go because I’m going to meet with an important client, so I send the enclosed ticket to you. It is very convenient for you to get there this Friday afternoon. You may go by taxi or take the No 12 bus, and you can’t miss it. Please let me know when you have received the ticket. Hope you will have a nice time.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
(109 words)
我有一张计算机展销会的入场券，但是突然有事去不了。展销会上有许多升级计算机放毒软件和新开发的机型。任何电脑迷都不会错过这个机会的。我要去见一个重要的客户，现在把入场券给你随信寄来。你周五下午去那里很方便，打车或乘坐12路公共汽车就可以了。收到信后告之我。祝你愉快。
思路启迪
段落中的各个句子必须围绕一个主题(一个内容)展开;短文中的各个层次则围绕短文的主题，从不同侧面深入阐述。
保证句子的统一性和连贯性是组词的基本要求。句子的统一性和连贯性是相辅相成的，最简单的解释是，意思完整，主次分明，前后连贯。从语义上看，句子各部分应该是紧密联系在一起，表达一个完整的意思;从语法角度来看，正确的句子应该是结构严谨，关系一致，语序正确;从修辞角度来年，好的句子应该是中心突出，逻辑性强，准确简练。如果一个句子表达的意思不完整，主次关系不明确，逻辑关系混乱，那么这个句子的统一性和连贯性就遭到了破坏，句子就有语病，读者也就无法了解作者的本意。
所谓一致性就是说，一段文章必须讨论一个中心思想，服务于一个目的。根据一致性的原则，文章中所有的细节都要与主题句直接有关，要有利于说明中心思想。任何与主题无关，或者说服力不强的内容，都必须舍弃，否则会使读者迷惑不解，而有损于作者意图的表达。
应用文写作同样必须注意文章的一致性的原则。在展开时必须牢牢把握好提示的要点，才能达到写作的要求。
24 短文指导
You’ve learned that your friend Jimmy is ill these days. Write him a note
1) expressing your concern;
2) asking after his health;
3) and giving your best wishes.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文译文
Dear Jimmy,
I’m so sorry to hear that you have been ill these days. Because recently I’m up to my ears with my preparation for the final English test, I haven’t heard anything about you until yesterday. I became very worried when I heard that you had again caught a terrible flu. So I am writing to you and would like to know how you are now. I think you should take a complete physical checkup and find out the real trouble it the illness persists. My help will be available as my aunt is a doctor. Please let me know if you need any help. Wish you good health.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
(109 words)
当Bob告诉我你这久生病时，我相当的难过。因为最近一直忙于英语期末考试，昨天才听说你的情况。听说你又患感冒，我很担心，随即马上给你写信问你的情况。如果病情仍不好转，我建议你去做一个体检。我婶婶是医生，可能帮上忙。请告诉我。祝你健康。
思路启迪
就应用文的写作而言，根据考试大纲的要求，考生所写篇章在格式与语域方面必须恰当贴切。对目标读者完全会产生预期的效果。指在书面和口头表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语等。
考生在平时准备或考试时应该注意的重要方面有：
一：正式语体(书卷语)、一般语体(共核)、非正式语体(口语体)在词汇层次、短语层次、句型层次和篇章层次都有区别。本书将在第四章进行简要的归纳和总结，以帮考生养成使用语言时注意所使用语言的贴切性。
二：正式语体词的使用范围较窄，而且一般只在书面语中出现，若出现在口语中，则有讽刺、调侃或幽默的语用效果。考研英语写作部分的Part B节考生需要按照正式或共核语体写作。英语语体意义高的词汇一般都比较长，我们随后将在第四章讨论这一点。
三：中性语体成分的使用范围比较广：既可以出现在正式语体中，也可以出现在一般介绍或叙述性语篇中，还可能出现在口语中。就这一类词汇的特点，英语的中性语体和口语、俚语等词汇一般都比较短小，尤其是后者，因为短，使用起来才方便，长了拗口。
四：考生在写作应用文时必须判断篇章的接受者与自己的亲密程度、接受者的身份高低、交际场合的正式程度、自己作为作者的身份等。综合考虑之后，再做出文体的判断。之后在选择恰当贴切的篇章组织、句型、词汇等。这样才能达到大纲的要求，取得较好的分数。
25 邀请信
邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种：一种为正规的格式(formal correspondence)，亦称请柬;一种是非正式格式(informal correspondence)，即一般的邀请信。邀请信是在形式上不如请柬那样正规，但也是很考究。书写时应注意：
邀请信一定要将邀请的时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。例如：“I’d like you and Bob to come to Luncheon next Friday.”这句话中所指的是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上具体日期，“I’d like you and Bob to come to luncheon next Friday, May 5th.”
1.邀请朋友共进午餐Inviting a friend to an informal luncheon
Dear [Zhang Ying],
Will you come to a luncheon on [Friday, May 5th], at [twelve o’clock]?
My niece [Mary] is visiting us and I think you will enjoy meeting her. She is a charming, very pretty girl… and very good company! [John and Jane] will be here too, and perhaps we can [give a dance] after luncheon. Do say you’ll come!
Affectionately yours,
Li Ming
亲爱的[张营]：
您能在[5月5日星期五中午12点钟]来吃午饭吗?
我侄女[玛丽]正在我们家作客，我想您会乐于见到她的。她是个漂亮而聪明的女孩子，……同她在一起是很使人高兴的![约翰和简]也到这里来，也许在饭后我们能[开个舞会]，说好，一定得来呀!