推荐阅读：
-
打败考研英语作文路上的拦路虎
-
2011考研英语翻译备考指导
-
新东方名师任治远讲解考研完形填空
-
2011年考研英语冲刺策略
被动语态的构成为：主语+系动词+动词的-ed形式，如果要说明施动者，则由介词by引出，置于动词的过去分词之后。
3.1被动语态的一般用法
3.1.1当施动者不明确或不必指出时，用被动语态
[例句]
Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege.
才智被斥为一种权利或者特权。
3.1.2为了突出受动者，使用被动语态
[例句]
The phrase was used by this country’s founders to denote equality before the law.
这句话被国家的缔造者说过，意思是法律面前人人平等。
3.2用于各种时态的被动语态
3.2.1一般现在时的被动语态
基本模式为is(am,are)+-动词-ed形式
[例句]
The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child.
12岁的青少年不再被看作孩子。
Many courses are origanized around classroom discussion.
很多课程是围绕课堂讨论组织起来的。
A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demangded.
现在要求在妇女的机会平等方面取得突破。
3.2.2一般过去时的被动语态
基本模式为was(were)+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
He was knocked down by a car and badly injured.
他被一辆汽车撞倒，伤势严重。
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.
凌晨3：45最终投了票。
The city was taken by the English in the 16th century.
这座城市在16世纪被英国人攻占。
3.2.3一般将来时的被动语态
基本模式为will be +动词的-ed形式
[例句]
A new road will be built there.
这里将修建一条新马路。
The meeting will be put off till next Monday.
这次会议将被推迟到下周一。
3.2.4现在进行时的被动语态
基本模式为is(am,are )being+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
Now the space shuttle is being developed.
现在航天飞机正在发展。
This information shows which items are beingsold.
这种信息表明那些商品正在出售。
3.2.5过去进行时的被动语态
基本模式为was(were) being+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed.
在清洗时，有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。
While we were in London that year, the London Bridge was being repaied.
那一年我们在伦敦时，伦敦桥正在修。
3.2.6现在完成时的被动语态
基本模式为has(have) been+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
Many books have been written about the future.
已经写出了许多有关未来的书。
Physical vitality has been increased by improved nutrition.
由于营养的改善，身体活力已经增强。
3.2.7过去完成时的被动语态
基本模式为had been +动词的-ed形式
[例句]
At yesterday’s meeting he begain brought up the plan that had been disapproves a week before.
在昨天的会议上，他再次提出纳祥一周前遭到反对的计划。
The director discovered that a large part of the laboratory’s costly new equipment had been removed.
主任发现，实验室里大量昂贵的新设备被搬走了。
3.2.8 将来完成时的被动语态
基本模式为will have been+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
Hurry up, or the tickets will have been sold out by the time we get there.
快点，否则等我们到哪儿票就卖完了。
By the end of next year, many more high-rises will have been built around there.
到明年底为止，早这里会建立起更多的高楼。
3.2.9 过去将来时的被动与台
基本模式为would be +动词的-ed形式
[例句]
They were told that the result would be announced the next week.
他们被告知说，结果将在下周公布。
The teacher said that we would be given another chance sometimes next month if we failed in the exam.
老师说如果我们考试不及格，下个月的什么时候可以再给我们一次机会。
3.3 各种形式的被动语态
3.3.1“动词+介词”短语的被动语态
[例句]
Some adult novels have been adapted for young readers.
有些成人小说经过改编给年轻人阅读。
She wants to know whether the measures have been agrees upon.
她希望知道这些措施是否已经得到一致同意。
3.3.2“动词+副词”短语的被动语态
[例句]
The accident was brought by the driver’s carelessness.
这次车祸是由于司机的疏忽大意造成的。
A great number of power station have been set up.
已经建立了许多小型的发电站。
3.3.3带有宾语补足语的被动语态
[例句]
I was caught in the rain yesterday.
昨天我赶上雨了。
In sone markets there may be only one seller. Such a situation is called a monopoly.
在许多市场，可能只有一个销售者，这种情况被称为垄断。
3.3.4 不定式之中的被动语态
在需要使用不定式的地方，同时表示被动关系，基本模式为to be +动词的-ed形式。
[例句]
He wants his film to be properly processed.
他希望他的胶片冲洗得当。
A number of existing houses have to be destroyed.
一些现有的房屋将不得不被拆除。
3.3.5 动名词之中的被动语态
在需要使用动名词的地方，同时表示被动关系，基本模式是being+动词的-ed形式。
[例句]
I can listen to Bruckner for hours without getting bored.
我可以连续几小时听布鲁克纳的音乐都不会感到乏味。
Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest prospect of being met.
他们要求加薪的要求连一点被满足的希望都没有。
3.3.6情态动词之后的被动语态
基本模式为情态动词+be+动词的-ed形式
[例句]
The parcel you post must be well packed.
你有机的包裹必须妥善保存。
Expertise can be share worldwide through teleconferencing.
通过电话会议可以分享专业知识。
3.3.7 sth.(sb.) is done to 句型
[例句]
REM sleep is assumed to serve some restrorative.
REM睡眠被认为具有大脑的某种恢复功能。
Our foreign trade is expected to have a rapid development in the next decade.
我国的对外贸易预计在今后的十年内将会迅速发展。
3.3.8 it is done that 句型
这涉及被动语态的一种常用句型。代词it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句置于句末。这种句型往往翻译为主动语态，可以不加主语或者加上表示泛指的主语。
[例句]
Much was known previously about the chemical properties of aluminum and their application to practical uses.
以前人们就对于铝的化学特性以及其实际用途
It has been said that when a man is sitting behind a sreer-wheel, his behavior will change.
3.4 主动形式、被动意义的表达
3.4.1 作系动词使用的感官动词
这类动作包括：feel感觉;look看上去;smell闻起来;sound听上去;taste吃起来等。
[例句]
The evening air feels cold.
夜晚的空气感觉很冷。
He looks to be an honest man.
他看上去是个老实人。
That story of yours doesn’t sound very likely.
你说的话听起来不大可信。
3.4.2 表示事物自身性质或特征的动词
这类词包括：clean被弄干净;iron熨烫;photograph在照片上显得;play播放;prove被证明是;read读起来;sell出售;wash洗起来;wear穿起来等。
[例句]
The tape recorder won’t play.
这台录音机放出声音。
A rumor does not always prove to be a fact.
传闻不一定证明是事实。
This kind of shirt washes well.
这种衬衣耐洗。
3.4.3 特定用法的动词
这类动词要求去后作宾语的动词可以使用动名词的主动形式，而表达的却是被动意义，这类词包括: bear经得起，值得，需要;demand需要;deserve\\worth值得;need、require需要;等等。
[例句]
This job wants doing at once.
这工作需要马上就做。(相当于This job wants to be done at once.)
The boys deserves praising.
这个男孩值得表扬。(相当于The boy deserves to be praised.)
The matter demands looking into.
这件事学要调查。(相当于The matter demands to be looked into.)
3.4.4 主被动两用动词
这类动词包括：blow被吹走，被吹响;hang被绞死;let、rent被出租;train结受训练，被培养;tear被撕裂;等等。
[例句]
If we don’t hang together, we will hang separately.
如果我们不团结在一起，我们就会被分别处死。
Whistle blew, and the train started.
汽笛鸣响，火车开动了。
My dress tore when it caught on the nail.
我的衣服钩在钉子上，被撕破了。
3.4.5 用于”sth. to do ”的表达
[例句]
Man still has a lot to learn about the brain.
关于大脑，我们还有许多东西要了解。
Could you get me something to read? I have nothing to do.
你能给我点东西读吗?我无事可做。
3.4.6用于“to blame”表达
表示“该受责备”
[例句]
The weather was partly to blame for crop failure.
天气不好是庄家歉收的部分原因。
I thought the technician was to blame for the blowing of the fuse.
我以为保险丝的断裂是技术员的责任。
3.4.7用于“sth. is +形容词+不定式”句型
[例句]
The water is not clean enough to drink.
这水不够干净，不能喝。(习惯上不说The water is not clean enough to be drunk.)
If you try harder, the language is not so difficult to learn as you think.
如果你多付出一些努力，这门语言并没有你认为的那样难学。(习惯上不说If you try harder, the language is not so difficult to be learned as you think.)
3.4.8 主动形式、被动意义的动词短语
这类词包括：catch on受欢迎，被接受，受雇于;come home to被完全领会，被清除的理解;dawn on 被想到;get across被理解，被接受;occur to 被想到;pass for 被错误的看作;run out被用完，被耗尽;sink in 被理解;turn up 被找到，被发现;等等
[例句]
The player caught on with a big team last year.
这名球员去年受雇于一个大球队。
It suddenly dawned on me that I’d caught the wrong train.
我突然发现自己乘错火车了。
Your advice didn’t quite sink in. You may have to talk to him again.
你的建议他没有听进去。你或许得再和他谈谈。
3.5 被动语态的翻译
在英译汉忠，英语的被动语态往往译为主动表达，有时甚至会发现，生硬的翻译成汉语的被动语态不通。这是由于英汉两种语言的差异导致的。英语常用被动语态，而汉语喜欢主动表达，再者，汉语允许无主语的句子。鉴于此，当翻译被动语句时，应灵活处理，依原文的意义为依据，以汉语的习惯为转移，抛弃原文的形式，传达出文字背后真正的内容。
[例句]
Some people are reached by flattery.
有些人就喜欢听奉承话。
All travelers are advised to fasten their safety-belt to avoid being injured.
请旅客们系好安全带，以防碰伤。
Exceptions can be found to any rule.
任何规则都可以找到例外。