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高考备考资料:英语介词速记口诀

发布时间: 2010-12-04 15:13:22 作者: guoqun

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  年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。

  将来时态 in ... 以后,小处 at 大处 in。

  有形 with 无形 by,语言、单位、材料 in。

  特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用 in。

  介词 at 和 to 表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。

  日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,

  收音、农场、值日 on,关于、基础、靠、著论。

  着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。

  特定时日和“一……就”,on 后常接动名词。

  年、月、日加早、午、晚,of 之前 on 代 in。

  步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab,carriage 则用 in。

  at 山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。

  工具、和、同随 with,具有、独立、就、原因。

  就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。

  海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by,单数、人类 know to man。

  this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。

  接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。

  over、under 正上下,above、below 则不然,

  若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。

  beyond 超出、无、不能,against 靠着,对与反。

  besides,except 分内外,among 之内 along 沿。

  同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间。

  原状 because of, owing to,due to 表语形容词。

  Under 后接修、建中,of,from 物、化分。

  Before,after 表一点, ago,later 表一段。

  before 能接完成时,ago 过去极有限。

  since 以来 during 间,since 时态多变换。

  与之相比 beside,除了 last but one。

  复不定 for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。

  快到、对、向 towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。

  but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。

  ing 型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。

  之后、关于、在……方面,有关介词须记全。

  in 内 to 外表位置,山、水、国界 to 在前。

  They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. in the bright sunlight

  They are sitting in the shade of a tree.

  He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。

  The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.

  Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。

  The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。

  Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。

  His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。

  I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。

  She spoke in grief rather than in anger.

  方面: 例:We accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。

  They are never backward in giving their views.他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。

  方式:  例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand(速记).

  如下成语惯用 in  例:in all 总计  in advance 事前 in place 适当地

  in the meantime 与此同时  in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 怀着……希望

  in connection with 和……有关  in contact with 和……联系

  in addition to 除……以外  in case of 倘若,万一in depth 彻底地

  in conflict with 和……冲突  in force 有效的,大批

  in regard to 关于  in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近

  in retrospect 回顾,一想起  in behalf of 代表……利益

  in the least 一点,丝毫  in alarm 惊慌、担心

  in the opinion of 据……见解  in the long run 从长远说来

  in one's opinion 在……看来  in word 口头上in a word 总之

  in vain 无益地, 白白地  in case 如果,万一,以防

  in detail 详细地  in haste 急急忙忙地  in conclusion 总之

  in spite of 尽管  in other words … 换句话说  in return 作为回报

  in the name of 以……名义  be confident in 对……有信心

  be interested in 对……感兴趣in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地

  in doubt 怀疑  in love 恋爱中  in debt 负债in wonder 在惊奇中

  in hesitation 犹豫不决    in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)

  in a good humour 心情(情绪)好介词

  at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:

  1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来.  B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。

  2.A.Jake ran at John. 杰克向约翰扑过去。 B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。

  3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。

  B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。

  4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。

  B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说。

  5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。

  B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。

  6.A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。

  B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.

  7.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。

  B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。

  8.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。

  B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。

  关于、基础、靠、著论The belief is based on practical experience.

  The citizens live on their salaries.

  On 后接the加上一个作名词的动词,其意义与现在分词所表达的相近如:

  on the march 在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl 徘徊,on the move 活动中,on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语),on the go 活跃,忙碌,on the lookout 注意, 警戒,on the watch 监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。

  着on fire、罢on strike、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准

  Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang(新疆) are on sale on a large sale.

  Do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。

  I've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。

  They went to Bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。

  They have been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。

  I'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。

  I went on business to Shanghai. I did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告而别。  She came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。

  He came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。

  “This lunch is on me.”“这顿午饭我付钱。”“No. let's go Dutch.”“不,还是各付各的。”

  On the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解。

  P1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。

  The train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。

  特定时间和“一……就”,左右 on 后动名词

  例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)

  On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.

  一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。

  以及 on the left, right 向左向右,on the stair 在台阶上等。

  步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab,carriage 用 in

  例:On foot 步行; on horse 骑马; on donkey 骑驴。

  He rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。

  The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。

  Go on horse back! 骑马去!

  You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!

  in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。

  at 山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心

  即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。

  例:  There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。

  At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.

  门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。

  Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?

  I don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。

  He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。

  The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50 公里。

  We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.

  我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。

  at home 在国内,在家里  at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度

  at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度

  Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。

  Water usually boils at 100°. 水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。

  at zero 在零度  at the rate of 45 miles an hour

  at full speed 全速  at a good price 高价  at a low cost 低成本

  at a great cost 花了很大代价  at that time 在当时

  Evaporation takes place at all temperatures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。

  at 1000 RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000 转

  at a high speed 高速 at sunset在日落时at daybreak 日出时

  The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.

  领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。

  The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。

  At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。

  以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress of the People's Republic of China. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.

  常用的 at 短语有:

  at first 首先,开始时  at least 至少  at all events 无论如何

  at home 在家,无拘束  at one stroke 一下子  at a loss 不知怎办

  at any rate 不管怎样  at length 详细地  be at high tide 处于高潮期

  at our invitation 应我们的邀请  at our request 应我们的请求

  at the news 听到这消息  at the risk of 冒……危险

  at a great expense 以巨大费用  at a stroke 一举

  at intervals of 每隔  at liberty 有权,随意

  at the sight of 一见到  at the point of 接近,靠近

  at the thought of 一想到  at the speed of 以……速度

  at the cost (price) of 以……为代价  at leisure 闲着、失业

  at the disposal of 任凭……使用  at stake 在危险中、在成败关头

  at bottom 实际上、本质上  at short notice 一得到通知

  at seeing us 看到我们  at the happy tidings 听到喜讯

  at sixteen 在16岁时  at the present stage 在现阶段

  at the weekend 周末  at all times 永远

  at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号

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