比较法——通过对过去、现在两种不同的倾向、观点的比较，引出文章要讨论的观点。来自www.Examw.com

　　[1] For years, ...had been viewed as .... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ....

　　[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new idea.

　　故事法——先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣，引出文章的主题。少用!

　　[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of/learnt..... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. [2] I have a friend who ... Should he ....? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life.

　　[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who .... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now.