第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.
A. play B. send C. show D. tell
2. The eternal motion of the stars fascinated him.
A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive
3. She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart.
A. natural B. fatal C. tiny D.enormous
4. The book made a great impact on its readers.
A. force B. influence C. surprise D. power
5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.
A. pleasant B. colorful C. fashionable D. different
6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.
A. competitive B. diligent C. qualified D. competent
7. Her novel depicts an ambitious Chinese.
A. writes B. sketches C. describes D. indicates
8. Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today.
A. tease B. attract C. annoy D. protect
9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather
A. ridiculous B. funny C. odd D. interesting
10. I notified him that that my address had changed.
A. informed B. observed C. mocked D. misled
11. The manager allocate duties to the clerks.
A. assign B. persuade C. ask D. order
12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.
A. hairless B. bare C. empty D. bald
13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.
A. challenged B. assumed C. deducted D. decreed
14. We must abide by the rules.
A. stick to B. persist in C. safeguard D. apply
15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.
A. position B. point of view C. knowledge D. opinion
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Northern Lights
The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’ s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
16. The Sun’s gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earth’s protective magnetic field in the future.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. You cannot sec the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Maglev Trains
A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.
If you’ve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.
The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.
The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine-at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains.
The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train’s undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.
Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.
23. Paragraph 3 _____
24. Paragraph 4 _____
25. Paragraph 5 _____
26. Paragraph 6 _____
A. The Main Components of the Maglev Train System
B. High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction
C. The Working Principle of the Maglev Train
D. Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field
E. Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones
F. Maglev with a Powerful Motor
27. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets _____.
28. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _____.
29. A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils _____.
30. The frictionless maglev train enables you _____.
A. to develop a maglev train rail system
B. to explain why maglev trains are faster
C. to pull and push the train forward
D. to create a magnetic field
E. to experiment with the maglev train
F. to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Small But Wise
On December 14, NASA blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don’t let its small size fool you: WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe,including asteroids, faint stars, blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.
“I’m very excited because we’re going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven’t seen before,” said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.
Since arriving in space, the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth, held by gravity in a polar orbit (this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap). Its camera is pointed outward, away from the Earth, and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.
The pictures taken by WISE won’t be like everyday digital photographs, however. WISE stands for “Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.” As its name suggests, the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation.
Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree, for example, it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens, they’re processed by the camera, which then puts the image together.
Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don’t see them, and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye, longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.
That’s a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can’t. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids, for example, are giant rocks that float through space-but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don’t reflect light, so they’re difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.
Brown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE’s pictures. These objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They’re so dim that they’re almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.
31 .What is so special about WISE?
A. It is small in size but carries a large camera.
B. It is as small as a trashcan.
C. Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.
D. Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.
32. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?
A. make.
B. shoot.
C. take
D. photograph.
33. The camera on WISE _____
A. is no different from an ordinary camera.
B. does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.
C. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.
D. reflects light that human eyes can see.
34. Which of the following is NOT correct about “asteroids” according to paragraph 7?
A. Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.
B. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.
C. It is difficult to take asteroids’ pictures by ordinary cameras.
D. The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids
35.What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. Brown dwarfs give off visible light.
B. Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.
C. Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.
D. Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.
第二篇
“Hidden” Species May Be Surprisingly Common
Cryptic species-animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says.
“I’m extremely surprised by their results,” says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “ It’s a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. ”
Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.
Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union(WCU).
The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.
In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.
36. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?
A. The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.
B. The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.
C. The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.
D. The results of the research can help our understanding of “survival of the fittest. ”
37. What was scientists’ understanding of cryptic species?
A. They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
B. They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.
C. They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.
D. Both Band C.
38. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?
A. Not yet.
B. Yes, they do.
C. They will know the answer in another one or two-years.
D. They will never know the answer.
39. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?
A. The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.
B. They are interbreeding species.
C. They are two genetically distant species.
D. They depend on each other for survival.
40. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s. because scientists _____
A. identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.
B. thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.
C. thought there was only one mosquito species.
D. did not know what species was being studied.
第三篇
Too Little for Global Warming
Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet.
The IPCC’s predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleklett and Colin Campbell of Uppsala University say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.
Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2012, and gas soon after. Their analysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined about to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5, 000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world’s remaining reserves.
Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel’s work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the “conservative” Swedes.
Even if oil and gas run out, “there’s a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited”, he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a “shot across the bows” for policy makers.
41. What problem does the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala imply?
A. The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earth’s doomsday.
B. The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenarios.
C. Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction.
D. Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.
42. According to IPCC,what can make up the shortfall of the oil and gas reserves?
A. Fossil fuels.
B. Green fuels.
C. The coal-burning.
D. Nothing.
43. The Kyoto Protocol was signed in order to
A. pay attention to global meltdown.
B. cut CO2 emissions.
C. use more green energy.
D. stop using fossil fuels.
44. What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?
A. 4, 000 billion barrels by the average forecast.
B. 8, 000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes.
C. 3, 500 billion barrels envisaged by IPCC.
D. 3, 500 billion barrels by a growing number of scientists.
45. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?
A. He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas.
B. He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually.
C. He thinks IPCC’s view on the world’s reserves is too optimistic.
D. He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
The Arctic Ice Is Thawing
Father Christmas may have to move his “workshop” from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers feet as well. His “workshop” is in dire straits. The “platform” for the “workshop” is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group’s Arctic Program.
An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases2 in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. 46 Young people learn that Father Christmas’ “workshop” produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like “The Polar Express3” tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. 47
The “Fortress of Solitude” is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world5. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. 48 Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. “This should be a subject for the United Nations,” he said. “Denmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power.” Denmark says Father Christmas’s real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. 49
“Doesn’t he already speak Danish?” Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month’s Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland. 50
A. However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home.
B. Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world.
C. If Denmark’s claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole.
D. One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws.
E. Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi.
F. He may have to move from the North Pole within our children’s lifetimes.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51 severity, a new analysis shows.
“We’ve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. “Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said. “The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53 . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55 .
But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said. “And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said. “Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction-on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10, 000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1, 100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65helped prevent many buildings from collapse-even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
51.A. internal B. different C. difficult D. widespread
52.A. volume B. length C. extent D. width
53.A. function B. repair C. build D. remove
54.A. durability B. strength C. ability D. property
55.A. ascend B. compact C. collapse D. recover
56.A. shorter B. longer C. simpler D. stranger
57.A. when B. what C. how D. which
58.A. occasionally B. frequently C. specially D. recently
59.A. development B. phenomenon C. formation D. composition
60.A. unless B. until C. after D. before
61.A. findings B. locations C. events D. sources
62.A. delivered B. deposited C. destroyed D. detached
63.A. near B. from C. inside D. over
64.A. prevent B. accelerate C. predict D. detect
65.A. styles B. sites C. costs D. standards
参考答案
1-5 CBDBA
6-10 CCCAA
11-15 ABBAB
16-20 BACAB
21-25 CBAEC
26-30 BADCF
31-35 CACAB
36-40 DDACA
41-45 DCBDD
46-50 FADCE
51-55 DCABC
56-60 ACDBD
61-65 CBAAD