关于顶点帖图
我这里构建了４个顶点，用一张图贴上去，但是出问题
code如下！
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#include <d3dx9.h>
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
int InitDevice(HINSTANCE hinstance, int width, int height, bool screen, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, IDirect3DDevice9** device);
int InitGame();
int Render();
int Release();
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
IDirect3DDevice9* device = 0;
struct VERTEX
{
//D3DXVECTOR3 position;
//D3DXVECTOR3 normal;
float x, y, z, rhw;
float tu, tv;
};
const DWORD FVF = (D3DFVF_XYZRHW | D3DFVF_TEX1);
LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 VB;
LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 IB;
LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 backgroundTexture;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//==============================
// winmain
//==============================
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
MSG msg;
ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));
InitDevice(hInstance, 800, 600, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &device);
InitGame();
device-> Clear(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
{
if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
{
::TranslateMessage(&msg);
::DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
//
//Sleep(1000);
device-> SetCursorPosition(400, 400, 0);
Render();
device-> Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
Release();
device-> Release();
return 1;
}
//===================================
// render the game
//===================================
int Render()
{
//Begin the scene
if ( SUCCEEDED(device-> BeginScene()) )
{
//Setup texture stage states for the background
device-> SetTexture( 0, backgroundTexture );
device-> SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE );
device-> SetTextureStageState( 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1 );
//sets the flexible vertex format
device-> SetFVF(FVF);
device-> SetStreamSource( 0, VB, 0, sizeof(VERTEX) );
device-> SetIndices( IB );
//device-> SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);
device-> DrawIndexedPrimitive( D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 0, 4, 0, 2 );
device-> EndScene();
}
return 1;
}
//==================================
// initialization game
//==================================
int InitGame()
{
//
// load texture
//
D3DXCreateTextureFromFileEx( device, "E:\\dx sample\\terrain\\Terrain\\Terrain\\lake.bmp ",
D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, D3DX_DEFAULT, 0, D3DFMT_UNKNOWN, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, D3DX_FILTER_TRIANGLE|D3DX_FILTER_MIRROR,
D3DX_FILTER_TRIANGLE|D3DX_FILTER_MIRROR, 0, NULL, NULL, &backgroundTexture);
//
//initialization vertex
//
VERTEX Vertices[] =
{
{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, }, // x, y, z, rhw, color
{ 800.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, },
{ 800.0f, 600.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, },
{ 0.0f, 600.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, },
};
DWORD sizeofVertices = sizeof(Vertices);
if ( FAILED( device-> CreateVertexBuffer( sizeofVertices, D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, FVF, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &VB, NULL ) ) )
{
MessageBox(0, "CreateVertexBuffer() failed! ", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
VERTEX* pVertices;
// the third parameter changed from BYTE** to VOID** in DX9
if( FAILED( VB-> Lock( 0, sizeofVertices, (VOID**)&pVertices, 0 ) ) )
return E_FAIL;
memcpy( pVertices, Vertices, sizeofVertices);
VB-> Unlock();
//
// Initialize the Index buffer
//
WORD wIndices[] = {0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3};
DWORD sizeofIndices = sizeof(wIndices);
// Create the index buffer
// six parameter new in DX9
if( FAILED( device-> CreateIndexBuffer( sizeofIndices, 0, D3DFMT_INDEX16, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &IB, NULL ) ) )
return E_FAIL;
VOID* pIndices;
// DX9 third parameter changed from BYTE** to VOID **
if( FAILED( IB-> Lock( 0, sizeofIndices, (VOID**)&pIndices, 0 ) ) )
return E_FAIL;
memcpy( pIndices, wIndices, sizeof(wIndices) );
IB-> Unlock();
return 1;
}
//=====================================
// initialization the device
//=====================================
int InitDevice(HINSTANCE hinstance, int width, int height, bool windowed, D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, IDirect3DDevice9** device)
{
WNDCLASS wc;
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = hinstance;
wc.hIcon = NULL;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = 0;
wc.lpszClassName = "Scene ";
if ( !RegisterClass(&wc) )
{
MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() Failed! ", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
HWND hwnd = 0;
hwnd = ::CreateWindow( "Scene ", "Scene ", WS_EX_TOPMOST, 0, 0, width, height, 0, 0, hinstance, 0);
if ( !hwnd )
{
MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() Failed ", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
//
// initialization d3d
//
// create the IDirect3D9 object
HRESULT hr = 0;
IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
if ( !d3d9 )
{
MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() failed! ", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
// check for hardware vp
D3DCAPS9 caps;
d3d9-> GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &caps);
int vp = 0;
if ( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
else
vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
// fill in the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure
D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = width;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = height;
d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
d3dpp.MultiSampleType = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality = 0;
d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;
d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = hwnd;
d3dpp.Windowed = windowed;
d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
d3dpp.Flags = 0;
d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
d3dpp.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
// create the device
hr = d3d9-> CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, //primary adapter
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, //device type
hwnd, //window associated with device
vp, //vertex processing method
&d3dpp, //present parameters
device //return create device
);
if ( FAILED(hr) )
{
//try again using a 16-bit depth buffer
d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
hr = d3d9-> CreateDevice(
D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, //primary adapter
D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, //device type
hwnd, //window associated with device
vp, //vertex processing method
&d3dpp, //present parameters
device //return create device
);
if ( FAILED(hr) )
{
d3d9-> Release();
MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() failed! ", 0, 0);
return 0;
}
}
//device-> Release();
d3d9-> Release();
}
//================================
// release resource
//================================
int Release()
{
backgroundTexture-> Release();
return 1;
}
//================================
// message disposal
//================================
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch( msg )
{
case WM_DESTROY:
{
::PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
case WM_KEYDOWN:
{
if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
{
::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
}
break;
}
}
return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
[解决办法]
1, Clear函数使用错误
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd)
{
// ...
device-> Clear(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
}
首先Clear参数不对；另外应该每次渲染前都调用一次，清除FrameBuffer、ZBuffer。
可以放到Render()函数里：
int Render()
{
device-> Clear( 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER,
D3DCOLOR_XRGB(99,99,99), 1.0f, 0 );
}
2，好多D3D资源没释放， 有内存泄漏。
D3D Device指针等等 。