如何向这个hash里添加键／值 ?
先给出我的代码：

#!/usr/bin/perl -w


use Data::Dumper;


my $hash;

$hash = &createWork($hash, "test ");
my $stateHash;
$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first ");
my $actionHash;
$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction ", "second ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);

$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first2 ");

$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction2 ", "second2 ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);
$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


print Dumper($hash);


sub createWork{
my ($hash, $type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
return $hash;
}

sub createStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = { "$state "=> {}};
return $stateHash;
}

sub createActionHash{
my ($actionHash, $action, $next_state) = @_;
$actionHash={ 'name '=> "$action ", 'next_state '=> "$next_state "};
return $actionHash;
}

sub addWork{
my ($type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
}

sub addState{
my ($hash, $stateHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$hash-> { 'state '}= $stateHash;
return $hash;
}

sub addAction{
my ($stateHash, $actionHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$stateHash-> { "$state[-1] "}-> { 'action '}=$actionHash;
return $stateHash;
}

输出来的结果是:

$VAR1 = {
'type ' => 'test ',
'state ' => {
'first2 ' => {
'action ' => {
'name ' => 'firstAction2 ',
'next_state ' => 'second2 '

}
}
}
};

我期望的结果是:

$VAR1 = {
'type ' => 'test ',
'state ' => {
'first ' => {
'action ' => {
'name ' => 'firstAction ',
'next_state ' => 'second '
}
},
'first2 ' => {
'action ' => {
'name ' => 'firstAction2 ',

'next_state ' => 'second2 '
}
}
}
};

这样的hash结构，可以看到，后面添加进去的一组hash把前面的覆盖了。

我把程序改成这个样子:

#!/usr/bin/perl -w


use Data::Dumper;


my $hash;

$hash = &createWork($hash, "test ");
my $stateHash;
$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first ");
my $actionHash;
$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction ", "second ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);

$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);

$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first2 ");

$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction2 ", "second2 ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);
$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);


print Dumper($hash);


sub createWork{
my ($hash, $type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
return $hash;
}

sub createStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = { "$state "=> {}};
return $stateHash;
}

sub createActionHash{
my ($actionHash, $action, $next_state) = @_;
$actionHash={ 'name '=> "$action ", 'next_state '=> "$next_state "};
return $actionHash;
}

sub addWork{
my ($type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
}

sub addState{
my ($hash, $stateHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$hash-> { 'state '}-> { "$state[-1] "}= $stateHash;
return $hash;
}

sub addAction{
my ($stateHash, $actionHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$stateHash-> { "$state[-1] "}-> { 'action '}=$actionHash;

return $stateHash;
}


输出却变成这个样子了：

$VAR1 = {
'type ' => 'test ',
'state ' => {
'first ' => {
'first ' => {
'action ' => {
'name ' => 'firstAction ',
'next_state ' => 'second '
}
}
},
'first2 ' => {
'first2 ' => {

'action ' => {
'name ' => 'firstAction2 ',
'next_state ' => 'second2 '
}
}
}
}
};


多出来一层hash的引用。




[解决办法]
把原来的稍加修改即可：


use Data::Dumper;

my $hash;

$hash = &createWork($hash, "test ");
my $stateHash;
$stateHash = &createStateHash($stateHash, "first ");
my $actionHash;
$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction ", "second ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);

$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);

#addStateHash insteadof createStateHash
$stateHash = &addStateHash($stateHash, "first2 ");

$actionHash = &createActionHash($actionHash, "firstAction2 ", "second2 ");
$stateHash = &addAction($stateHash, $actionHash);
$hash = &addState($hash, $stateHash);

print Dumper($hash);


sub createWork{
my ($hash, $type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
return $hash;
}

sub createStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = { "$state "=> {}};
return $stateHash;
}

#addStateHash
sub addStateHash{
my ($stateHash, $state) = @_;
$stateHash = {%$stateHash, "$state "=> {}};
return $stateHash;
}

sub createActionHash{
my ($actionHash, $action, $next_state) = @_;
$actionHash={ 'name '=> "$action ", 'next_state '=> "$next_state "};
return $actionHash;
}

sub addWork{
my ($type) = @_;
#print "$type\n ";
$hash={ 'type '=> "$type "};
}

sub addState{
my ($hash, $stateHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$hash-> { 'state '}= $stateHash;
return $hash;
}

sub addAction{
my ($stateHash, $actionHash) = @_;
my @state = keys (%{$stateHash});
$stateHash-> { "$state[-1] "}-> { 'action '}=$actionHash;
return $stateHash;
}

注意addStateHash是我新加的，因为你这个东西看的很晕，所以我不知道名字是否合适。