Windows7下MySQL5.5.20免安装版的配置
MySQL Windows安装包说明：
1、mysql-5.5.20-win32.msi:Windows 安装包，图形化的下一步下一步的安装。
2、mysql-5.5.20.zip，这个是windows源文件，需要编译，对应的Linux源文件是mysql-5.5.20.tar.gz
3、mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，这个文件解包后即可使用，是编译好的windows32位Mysql。
1、下载mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip，解压到D:\，D盘就会出现mysql-5.5.20-win32目录
2、配置MYSQL的环境变量
新增系统变量MYSQL_HOME： D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32
在PATH变量的最后面添加： ;%MYSQL_HOME%\bin
保存即可。
3、打开文件my-huge.ini另存为my.ini，删除my.ini中的所有配置，在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置：(my.ini是保存在与my-huge.ini同一个目录下的）(#表示注释）
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients[client]#password= your_passwordport= 3306#设置mysql客户端的字符集default-character-set = utf8# The MySQL server[mysqld]port= 3306#设置mysql的安装目录basedir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者\xxx-datadatadir = D:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\data#设置服务器段的字符集character_set_server = utf8
4、注册服务
运行-->cmd，输入命令：
mysqld --install mysql --defaults-file=d:\mysql-5.5.20-win32\my.ini
或着，
运行-->cmd，输入命令：
mysqld --install mysql
删除服务：
sc delete mysql
在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。
5、启动服务：
net start mysql
停止服务：
net stop mysql
6、服务启动后：
登录MySQL服务器：
命令格式：
mysql -h hostname -u username -p
或
mysql -hhostname -uusername -p
命令说明：mysql命令将调用MySQL监视程序，这是一个可以将我们连接到MySQL服务器端的客户端命令行工具。
选项说明：
-h选项：用于指定所希望连接的主机，即运行MySQL服务器的机器。如果在运行MySQL服务器的机器上运行该命令，则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数；如果不是，必须用运行MySQL服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。
-u命令：用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。
-p命令：用于指定用户输入的密码
此时我本机安装了MYSQL，可忽略该选项和hostname参数：
mysql -uroot -p
注：
MySQL的管理员用户名为root，密码默认为空
修改root密码
MySQL配置好后，启动成功，默认密码是空，但是为了安全，设置密码（MySQL有一个默认用户名为root，密码自己设定：假如设为root）。
1）登录MySQL root用户：
打开命令行，执行：
mysql -uroot -p
2）修改root密码：
mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root"; mysql> flush privileges;
修改该修改密码的语句：update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
为： update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";
详细说明：见最底下的补充说明。
以后再进入MySQL，则为：
mysql -uroot -proot
7、常用命令：
show databases;--显示数据库use databasename; --用数据库show tables;--显示表create table tablename(field-name-1 fieldtype-1 modifiers,field-name-2 fieldtype-2 modifiers,....);--创建表alter table tablename add new-fielname new fieldtype--为表加入新列insert into tablename(fieldname-1,fieldname-2,fieldname-n)valuse(value-1,value-2,value-n)--增delete from tablename where fieldname=value--删update tablename set fieldname=new-value where id=1--改select * from tablename--查desc tablename--表定义描述show create table tablename--可以查看引擎alter table tablename engine=InnoDB--修改引擎create table tablename(id int(11),name varchar(10) )type=INNODB--建表是设置引擎
8、例如：
（1）登录MySQL服务器后，查看当前时间，登录的用户以及数据库的版本
mysql> select now(),user(),version();+---------------------+----------------+-----------+| now() | user() | version() |+---------------------+----------------+-----------+| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20 |+---------------------+----------------+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（2）显示数据库列表
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
（3）新增数据库并查看
mysql> create database test_db;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test || test_db |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（4）选择数据库
mysql> use test_db;Database changed
查看已选择的数据库：
mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| test_db |+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（5）显示当前数据库的所有数据表
mysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)
（6）新建数据表并查看
mysql> create table person( -> id int, -> name varchar(20), -> sex char(1), -> birth date -> );Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_test_db |+-------------------+| person |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（7）获取表结构
mysql> desc person;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
或者
mysql> describe person;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（8）查询表中的数据
mysql> select * from person;Empty set (0.00 sec)
（9）插入数据
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth) -> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
查询表中的数据：
mysql> select * from person;+------+----------+------+------------+| id | name | sex | birth |+------+----------+------+------------+| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 |+------+----------+------+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（10）修改字段的类型
mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看字段描述：
mysql> desc person;+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | |+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（11）新增一个字段
mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看字段描述：
mysql> desc person;+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | || address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（12）更新字段内容
查看修改前表的内容：
mysql> select * from person;+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| id | name | sex | birth | address |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改：
mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from person;+------+------+------+------------+---------+| id | name | sex | birth | address |+------+------+------+------------+---------+| 1 | lisi | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |+------+------+------+------------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> select * from person;+------+------+------+------------+---------+| id | name | sex | birth | address |+------+------+------+------------+---------+| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |+------+------+------+------------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
为了方便下面测试删除数据，在向person表中插入2条数据：
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address) -> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address) -> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)mysql> select * from person;+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| id | name | sex | birth | address |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China || 2 | wangwu | man | 1990-01-10 | China || 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（13）删除表中的数据
删除表中指定的数据：
mysql> delete from person where id=2;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)mysql> select * from person;+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| id | name | sex | birth | address |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China || 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |+------+----------+------+------------+---------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除表中全部的数据：
mysql> delete from person;Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> select * from person;Empty set (0.00 sec)
（14）重命名表
查看重命名前的表名：
mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_test_db |+-------------------+| person |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
重命名：
mysql> alter table person rename person_test;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> show tables;+-------------------+| Tables_in_test_db |+-------------------+| person_test |+-------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（15）新增主键
mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> desc person_test;+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | || address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除主键：
mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0mysql> desc person_test;+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | || name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | || sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | || birth | date | YES | | NULL | || address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
（16）删除表
mysql> drop table person_test;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)mysql> show tables;Empty set (0.00 sec)
（17）删除数据库
mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test || test_db |+--------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop database test_db;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || performance_schema || test |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
（18）查看建表语句
mysql> show create table table_name;
补充说明：
update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";修改的不是密码，如果按照这个方式修改了，重新登录时将会报错：
mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0mysql> exitByeC:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -pEnter password: ****ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
请按照以下方式重新修改密码，即可登录成功：
C:\Users\liqiong>mysql -urootWelcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> exitByeC:\Users\liqiong>mysql -uroot -pEnter password: ****Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>这句密码设置有问题，密码根本不为root，会导致Access denied for user ''@'localhost'”的错误！！！
这句密码设置有问题，密码根本不为root，会导致Access denied for user ''@'localhost'”的错误！！！
谢谢提醒，我已更正！