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Linux停测量一次context switch所花的

发布时间: 2012-07-28 12:25:13 作者: rapoo

Linux下测量一次context switch所花的时间
看到水木上的一道题,Write a C program which measures the speed of a context switch on a UNIX/Linux system.刚开始想了好久都没有思路,后来想到了一个办法,不过不知道是不是出题者想要的东西,但是我觉得这个已经算是精度比较高的一个办法了。
具体做做法是:

在父子进程之间切换,来计算context switch的时间,于是写了一段代码(Linux only 的程序)

1.通过sched_setaffinity将进程绑定在某一个CPU上(如果是多核的话,比如CPU0),fork出来的子进程也会继承这个属性

2. 通过sched_setscheduler讲进程设置成SCHED_FIFO(这步需要root权限),即实时进程调度,同时,将优先级调到最高(最高优先级可以通过sched_get_priority_max系统调用得到,fork出来的子进程也会继承这个属性,这么做是为了保证CPU0上父进程和子进程优先级最高,父进程切换出来内核调度到的一定是子进程)

3.创建管道,用于在fork之后,父进程和子进程利用管道循环读写n次,读写一个int,用此来进行context switch

4. fork,,父进程先获取当前时间戳(gettimeofday),然后往管道中写,。这时子进程应该能从read中返回,然后子进程写一个int,父进程读,如此循环n次。结束之后,子进程获取当前时间戳。这两个时间戳之差就是大致n*2次的context switch的时间

附上实际的代码:

#define _GNU_SOURCE#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sched.h>#include <time.h>#include <sys/time.h>#include <pthread.h>#include <sys/wait.h>int main(int argc, char* argv[]){        int prio_max,data,i,iter_count;                int pfd1[2],pfd2[2],time_pipe[2];        pid_t pid,child;        struct timeval start,end;        struct sched_param prio_param;        cpu_set_t cpuset;              if( argc > 1 )                iter_count = atoi(argv[1]);        else                iter_count = 10000;        CPU_ZERO(&cpuset);                      CPU_SET(0,&cpuset);        memset(&prio_param,0,sizeof(struct sched_param));        pid = getpid();        if( sched_setaffinity(pid,sizeof(cpu_set_t),&cpuset) < 0 ){                perror("sched_setaffinity");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        if( (prio_max = sched_get_priority_max(SCHED_FIFO)) < 0 ){                perror("sched_get_priority_max");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        printf("prio_max:      %d\n",prio_max);        prio_param.sched_priority = prio_max;        if( sched_setscheduler(pid,SCHED_FIFO,&prio_param) < 0 ){                perror("sched_setscheduler");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        if( pipe(pfd1) < 0 ){                perror("pipe");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        if( pipe(pfd2) < 0 ){                perror("pipe");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        if( pipe(time_pipe) < 0 ){                perror("pipe");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }        if( (child = fork()) < 0 ){                perror("fork");                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }else if( child == 0 ){                        int n = sizeof(data);                close(pfd1[1]);                      close(pfd2[0]);                close(time_pipe[0]);                for( i = 0; i < iter_count; i++ ){                        if( read(pfd1[0],&data,sizeof(data)) != n ){                                perror("read at child process");                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                        }                        if( write(pfd2[1],&data,sizeof(data)) != n){                                perror("write at child process");                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                        }                }                gettimeofday(&end,NULL);                n = sizeof(struct timeval);                if( write(time_pipe[1],&end,sizeof(struct timeval)) != n ){                        perror("write at child process");                            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                }                close(pfd1[0]);                close(pfd2[1]);                close(time_pipe[1]);                exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);                }else{                double switch_time,yield_time;                        struct timeval yield;                int n;                close(pfd1[0]);                close(pfd2[1]);                close(time_pipe[1]);                data = 1;                n = sizeof(data);                gettimeofday(&start,NULL);                for( i = 0; i < iter_count;i++){                        if( write(pfd1[1],&data,sizeof(data)) != n ){                                perror("write at parent process");                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                        }                        if( read(pfd2[0],&data,sizeof(data)) != n ){                                perror("write at parent process");                                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                        }                }                n = sizeof(struct timeval);                if( read(time_pipe[0],&end,sizeof(struct timeval)) != n ){                        perror("read at parent");                            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);                }                close(pfd1[1]);                close(pfd2[0]);                close(time_pipe[0]);                wait(NULL);                                  switch_time = ((end.tv_sec-start.tv_sec)*1000000+(end.tv_usec-start.tv_usec))/1000.0;                printf("context switch between two processes: %0.6lfms\n",switch_time/(iter_count*2));        }        return 0;}





实际在一个Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5310 @ 1.60GHz 8核4GB内存的机器上,测出来一次context switch的时间大约在3.706us,所花费的指令数大致是5000~6000条指令的样子,实际的时间应该要比这个快一些吧。不过如果循环的n比较小的话,测出来的误差挺大的,比如iter_count取1,测出来的context switch时间貌似接近100us,相差了近100倍啊啊啊啊

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