Oracle R12 多组织访问的控制 - MOAC(Multi-Org Access Control)
什么是MOAC

MOAC(Multi-Org Access Control)为多组织访问控制，是Oracle EBS R12的重要新功能，它可以实现在一个Responsibility下对多个Operation Unit(OU)进行操作。MOAC允许用户在不切换responsibility的情况下，在一个responsibility下处理多个OU组织的事务。

User --> Responsibilities --> Single Operation Unit Mode / Multiple Operation Unit Mode

一个应用场景:

某集团公司下边主要分为三个区域（北美，欧洲，亚太），亚太区你是一采购部经理，负责所有七个Operation Unit。
这种情况下，系统管理员可以创建一个security profile，这个security profile设置成可以访问这七个亚太组织，并把这个security profile赋予到你的responsibility下，这样你就能在同一个职责下访问这七个OU了，就不用不停地切换职责来访问不同OU了。

另外如果你要经常处理中国OU下的事务，那么你可以设置Profile:MO: Default Operating Unit到中国，那么业务默认的OU就是中国了。

MOAC相关的Profile

有三个主要的Profile

MO: Security Profile :provides access to multiple operating units from a single responsibility.If the MO: Security Profile is set, then the MO: Operating Unit profile will be ignored.

MO: Default Operating Unit :If you set the MO: Security Profile profile option, you can also set an operating unit as the default operating unit using the MO: Default Operating Unit profile option. This is useful when you transact in multiple operating unit but frequently transact in one operating unit.

MO: Operating Unit :MO: Operating Unit profile option only provides access to one operating unit.

MOAC profiles rules

1) If the profile option “MO: Security Profile” is not set, then “MO: Operating Unit” value is used as the default Operating Unit even if “MO: Default Operating Unit” profile is set to a different value.

2) If the profile option “MO: Security Profile” is set and gives access to only one Operating Unit, the default Operating Unit will return this value even if “MO: Default Operating Unit” is set to a different value.

3) If the profile option “MO: Security Profile” is set and gives access to multiple Operating Units :
- If the profile value “MO: Default Operating Unit” is set, it is validated against the list of Operating Units in “MO: Security Profile”.
+ If the Operating Unit is included in the security profile then it is returned as the default value.
+ Else there is no defaulted Operating Unit .
- If the Profile Option “MO: Default Operating Unit” is not set, then there is zero (no) default Operating Unit.

单组织的案例

单组织即一个Responsibility只访问一个OU，设置情况大体如下，对于职责：Manufacturing and Distribution Manager，

MO: Operating Unit=Vision Operations

MO: Security Profile=空

这样我们在使用职责：Manufacturing and Distribution Manager的时候，就只能访问到Vision Operations的数据，比如创建的PO，这个PO只能处于OU:Vision Operations下，另外所选取的供货商也只能是Vision Operations下的。

多组织的案例

首先定义一个Security Profile，路径：HRMS Super User Responsibility > Security > Define Security Profile，Business Group:Vision Corporation,'Security Type'选择'Secure organizations by organization hierarchy and/or organization list'，并且我们把在Organization Name列表中添加三个OU:Vision Operations，Vision Corporation ，Vision Services.

保存定义的Security Profile,然后在HR职责下，运行“Security List Maintenance” program，“Generate lists for”= One Named Security Profile ，Security Profile是刚刚定义的'PTIAN_SECURITY_PROFILE'。

Security List Maintenance的作用是让你定义的Security Profile生效，能够设置到Profile "MO: Security Profile"（The Security List Maintenance concurrent program must be run each time you add or change Security Profiles.）

System Admin职责下，Profile > System，设置MO: Security Profile为刚刚定义的'PTIAN_SECURITY_PROFILE'

再切回Manufacturing and Distribution Manager职责，打开PO，这个时候，你就可以不切换职责的情况，定义三个OU下的采购订单了。

MOAC的实现原理-VPD技术

MOAC的实现是通过Oracle数据库的VPD(Virtual Private Database)技术来实现的。VPD技术提供了数据库对象（表，同义词，视图）行级别访问的控制。使用VPD技术可以有效地限制用户获取数据的范围。

Secooler 的一篇文章 使用Oracle VPD（Virtual Private Database）限制用户获取数据的范围 讲VPD，里边的例子非常容易理解.

查询结果中，其中Pakcage + Function就是我们对于表所加的限制。
那么Oracle EBS是如何使用VPD技术来实现多组织的
R12里,以PO表为例，PO_HEADERS_ALL是基础表(PO/APPS Scehma)，PO_HEADERS是PO_HEADERS_ALL对应的Synonym对象(Apps Schema),我们对PO_HEADERS应用VPD技术.MO_GLOBAL-Dive into R12 Multi Org Design 有较为详细的说明，
In pre Release 12, you would have had following methodology for PO_HEADERS_ALLa. A table is created in PO Schema, named PO_HEADERS_ALLb. A synonym named PO_HEADERS_ALL is created in APPS schema, referring to PO.PO_HEADERS_ALLc. Create a view PO_HEADERS in APPS schema, as "select * from po_headers_all where org_id=client_info"But now in R12, following will happena. A table is created in PO Schema, named PO_HEADERS_ALLb. A synonym named PO_HEADERS_ALL is created in APPS schema, referring to PO.PO_HEADERS_ALLc. Another synonym named PO_HEADERS is created in APPS, referring to PO_HEADERS_ALLd. A Row Level security is applied to PO_HEADERS, using package function MO_GLOBAL.ORG_SECURITY.This can be double-checked by running SQL select * from all_policies where object_name='PO_HEADERS'e. The effect of this policy is that,whenever you access PO_HEADERS, Oracle RLS will dynamically append WHERE CLAUSE similar to belowSELECT * FROM PO_HEADERS WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM mo_glob_org_access_tmp oa WHERE oa.organization_id = org_id)
看下下边Query的输出
SELECT * FROM DBA_POLICIES WHERE object_name = 'PO_HEADERS';
可以看到，我们对表PO_HEADERS加了MO_GLOBAL.ORG_SECURITY限制，MO_GLOBAL.ORG_SECURITY的作用实际上就是根据你关于MOAC Profiles的设置，然后转换为相应Where条件(组织过滤)，再进行查询。
对于VPD表的查询
对于VPD表，简单的查询一般是不返回记录的，如果想查到记录，需要设置一下上下文先--普通查询VPD表select * from PO_HEADERS;--No Output--Single OU ModeBEGIN  execute mo_global.set_policy_context('S',204); --204为ORG_ID,S表示Single Org ContextEND;select * from PO_HEADERS;--会输出OU：204下边的所有PO--Multiple OU Mode(simulate login to a specific responsibility)a. Call fnd_global.apps_initialize(userid,resp_id,resp_appl_id);b. call MO_GLOBAL.INIT(p_appl_short_name);This will read the MO profile option values for your responsibility/user, and will initialize the Multi Org Access.c.select * from po_headers
MOAC API
What is the purpose of MO_GLOBAL.ORG_SECURITY?The purpose of Row-Level-Security is to hide certain data[based on some conditions]. RLS does so by appending a where clause to the secured object.1. MO_GLOBAL.ORG_SECURITY is a function that returns a predicate for the WHERE CLAUSE2. The where clause will be appended to Table/Synonym/View for which Multi Org Row Level security is enabledWhat is the purpose of MO_GLOBAL.SET_POLICY_CONTEXT ?This procedure has two parameters    p_access_mode          Pass a value "S" in case you want your current session to work against Single ORG_ID          Pass a value of "M" in case you want your current session to work against multiple ORG_ID's    p_org_id          Only applicable if p_access_mode is passed value of "S"
MOAC相关的查询语句
Security Profile Definiation

参考：
Oracle Applications Multiple Organizations Implementation Guide
EBS R12 MOAC(Multi-Org Access Control)原理探索
MO_GLOBAL-Dive into R12 Multi Org Design
?Note: 420787.1 Oracle Applications Multiple Organizations Access Control for Custom Code?Note: 462383.1 SQL Queries and Multi-Org Architecture in Release 12?Note: 396750.1 Oracle Applications Multiple Organizations Release 12 Roadmap Document
Note 745420.1 -How To Setup And Check MO / MOAC Setup In APPS Instance At R12 Level - Precedence of MO - MOAC Profile Options
Best Practices for Securing the E-Business Suite [ID 189367.1]
Best Practices For Securing Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 [ID 403537.1] 
Understanding and Using HRMS Security in Oracle HRMS [ID 394083.1] 
Security List Maintenance for All Profiles Is Excluding Employees [ID 755410.1] 
Effect Of Security List Maintenance Concurrent Request within the Oracle HRMS Module [ID 457629.1]

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