Android提高第四篇之Activity+Intent
Android有三个基础组件Activity,Service和BroadcastReceiver,他们都是依赖Intent来启动。本文介绍的是Activity的生命周期以及针对Activity的Intent使用。
??????? 之前的例子一直都是使用Activity,在一个Layout XML与一个Activity捆绑的情况下可以视为一个Form,多个Layout XML与一个Activity捆绑的话那就是个Application本身了。Intent可以分为显式Intent和隐式Intent:显式Intent用于启动明确的目标组件(前面所说的三大组件),同一个Application内的多个Activity调用也是显式Intent;隐式Intent就是调用没有明确的目标组件,可以是系统也可以是第三方程序。隐式Intent一般用于调用系统组件功能,相关例程都是网络上很容易找到的(调用某些系统组件的时候要申请权限)。
??????? Acitivity的运行状况分为:onCreate、onDestroy、onStart、onStop、onRestart、onResume、onPause,onCreate对应onDestroy,onStart对应onStop,onResume对应onPause。
先贴出本文运行截图:


这个是从Acitivity1转到Activity2的时候,Acitivity1的状态变化,使用了finish()会触发onDestroy()。

这个是从Activity2转到Activity1的时候,Acitivity2的状态变化。从两次Activity的启动可以看出,流程是onCreate()->onStart()->onResume()三个方法,销毁是onPause()->onStop()->onDestroy()。另外,要往工程添加第二个Activity,需要到AndroidManifest.xml->Application那里添加Activity2。
main1.xml的源码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"><Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/main1.Button01"android:text="跳转到Activity2"></Button><EditText android:text="@+id/EditText01" android:id="@+id/EditText01"android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></EditText><Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/main1.Button02"android:text="跳转到外部Activity"></Button></LinearLayout>
main2.xml的源码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><LinearLayout android:id="@+id/LinearLayout01"android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"><Button android:layout_width="wrap_content"android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/main2.Button01"android:text="返回Activity1"></Button></LinearLayout>
Activity1的源码:
package com.testActivityIntent;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.SharedPreferences;import android.net.Uri;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;public class testActivityIntent extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */Button btnToInternalActivity;Button btnToExternalActivity;EditText tbBundle; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); Log.e("Activity1", "onCreate");//显示当前状态,onCreate与onDestroy对应 setContentView(R.layout.main1); btnToInternalActivity=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.main1_Button01); btnToExternalActivity=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.main1_Button02); btnToInternalActivity.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); btnToExternalActivity.setOnClickListener(new ClickEvent()); tbBundle=(EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.EditText01); } public void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); Log.e("Activity1", "onDestroy");//显示当前状态,onCreate与onDestroy对应 } @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); Log.e("Activity1", "onStart");//显示当前状态,onStart与onStop对应 } @Override public void onStop() { super.onStop(); Log.e("Activity1", "onStop");//显示当前状态,onStart与onStop对应 } @Override public void onRestart() { super.onRestart(); Log.e("Activity1", "onRestart"); } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); Log.e("Activity1", "onResume");//显示当前状态,onPause与onResume对应 SharedPreferences prefs = getPreferences(0); //SharedPreferences 用于存储数据 String restoredText = prefs.getString("editText01", null); if (restoredText != null) { this.tbBundle.setText(restoredText); } } @Override public void onPause() { super.onResume(); Log.e("Activity1", "onPause");//显示当前状态,onPause与onResume对应 //保存文本框的内容,使得重回本Acitivity的时候可以恢复 SharedPreferences.Editor editor = getPreferences(0).edit();//SharedPreferences 用于存储数据 editor.putString("editText01", this.tbBundle.getText().toString()); editor.commit(); } class ClickEvent implements View.OnClickListener{@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {if(v==btnToInternalActivity){Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setClass(testActivityIntent.this,Activity2.class); //new一个Bundle对象,并将要传递的数据传入 Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString("Text",tbBundle.getText().toString()); //将Bundle对象assign给Intent intent.putExtras(bundle); //调用Activity2 startActivity(intent); testActivityIntent.this.finish();//会触发onDestroy();}else if(v==btnToExternalActivity){//有些外部调用需要开启权限Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); }} } }
Activity2的源码:
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- package?com.testActivityIntent;??import?android.app.Activity;??
- import?android.content.Intent;??import?android.os.Bundle;??
- import?android.util.Log;??import?android.view.View;??
- import?android.widget.Button;??public?class?Activity2??extends?Activity?{??
- ????Button?btnBackMain1;??????public?void?onCreate(Bundle?savedInstanceState)??
- ??????{??????????super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onCreate");//显示当前状态,onCreate与onDestroy对应????????????
- ????????//加载activity2.xml??????????setContentView(R.layout.main2);??
- ??????????????????//得Intent中的Bundle对象??
- ????????Bundle?bunde?=?this.getIntent().getExtras();??????????//取得Bundle对象中的数据???
- ????????Log.i("In_Text",?bunde.getString("Text"));??????????btnBackMain1=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.main2_Button01);??
- ????????btnBackMain1.setOnClickListener(new?ClickEvent());????????}??
- ??????????public?void?onDestroy()??
- ????{??????????super.onDestroy();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onDestroy");//显示当前状态,onCreate与onDestroy对应??????}??
- ????@Override??????public?void?onStart()??
- ????{??????????super.onStart();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onStart");//显示当前状态,onStart与onStop对应???????}??
- ????@Override??????public?void?onStop()??
- ????{??????????super.onStop();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onStop");//显示当前状态,onStart与onStop对应????????}??
- ????@Override??????public?void?onRestart()??
- ????{??????????super.onRestart();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onRestart");??????????}??
- ????@Override??????public?void?onResume()??
- ????{??????????super.onResume();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onResume");//显示当前状态,onPause与onResume对应????????????}??
- ????@Override??????public?void?onPause()??
- ????{??????????super.onResume();??
- ????????Log.e("Activity2",?"onPause");//显示当前状态,onPause与onResume对应?????????}??
- ??????????class?ClickEvent?implements?View.OnClickListener{??
- ????????@Override??????????public?void?onClick(View?v)?{??
- ????????????if(v==btnBackMain1)??????????????{??
- ??????????????????????????????????Intent?intent?=?new?Intent();??
- ????????????????intent.setClass(Activity2.this,testActivityIntent.class);????????????????????
- ????????????????//调用Activity1??????????????????startActivity(intent);??
- ??????????????????????????????????Activity2.this.finish();//会触发onDestroy();??
- ????????????}????????????????
- ????????}????????????
- ????}??}?