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稿件3：Linux+Nginx+PHP配置-version1

发布时间： 2012-09-27 11:11:17 作者： rapoo

文章3：Linux+Nginx+PHP配置-version1

注意：已经有更好的安装方法，适用于CentOS、ubuntu等Linux系统。安装新方法http://blog.csdn.net/yankai0219/article/details/8001210 欢迎大家参考
文章内容
一、安装所需要的程序、库
1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库
2.编译php所需的支持库
3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3
4、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx
1、修改php.ini文件
2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP
3、创建php-fpm配置文件
4、启动php-fpm
三、安装Nginx 1.2.3
1、确认有PCRE库
2、安装Nginx
3、创建Nginx日志目录
4、创建Nginx配置文件
5、启动Nginx
四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能
我所安装的系统：CentOS-6.2-i386-bin-DVD中的desktop系统以下教程不算完整，其中mysql并不能成功编译到php中，但是此教程与http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/相比，有所完善，当然也有所不足，还请指正。
注意事项：1.一 检测系统中是否含有程序库，不要一口气利用yum -s install进行安装，如果进行此操作，那么yum and rpm再之后就不能使用，如果使用会提示 段错误。2. make make install 两句话可以合二为一 即：make && make install 3.编译mysql时，采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz，不要采用mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz，因为有错误mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz4.教程中出现的灰色字体内容，读者自行添加，不影响Nginx+PHP的使用。
一、安装所需要的程序、库1.检查系统中是否有以下程序库gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers其中红色字体：表示没有安装粗体：表示我的系统中没有这些，需要通过yum install curl-devel e2fsprogs-devel openldap-servers注意：xxx与xxx-devel尽量版本一致。比如libjpeg-6b-46.el6.i686 和libjpeg-devel-6b-46.el6.i6862.编译php所需的支持库我将下面所需的tar.gz文件都下载到/home/username/download/文件夹下技巧：可以将make与make install两条命令二合一 make && make install tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../到此位置，关机系统备份一次

3、编译安装MySQL 5.5.3-m3 采用mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz，不要采用5.5.3，因为该版本有错误
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.5-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.5-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
4、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式） 注意1：本想尝试高版本php，但是没有相应的diff.gz，因此只能采用该版本注意2：由于不能解决MySQL的问题，因此configure时去掉mysql部分，即去掉红色部分
tar zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.14 -p1
cd php-5.2.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../编译后出现错误
在编译php对mysqli的支持的时候出现了如下错误:checking whether to enable embedded MySQLi support… nochecking for mysql_set_server_option in -lmysqlclient… noconfigure: error: wrong mysql library version or lib not found. Check config.log for more information.解决方案： cd /usr/local/src/php-xxxxx/ext/mysqli
yum -y install mysql-devel
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config= /php-config --enable-embedded-mysqli=shared --enable-shared
make && make install
这时屏幕会打印mysqli.so生成的路径, 在php.ini里加载就好啦
5、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../二、配置php、php-fpm、nginx　1、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：　　extension = "memcache.so"　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so" //由于前面的mysql没有安装成功，这句话可以去掉　　extension = "imagick.so"
　　再查找output_buffering = Off　　修改为output_buffering = On
　　再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
　　修改为cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
即去掉前面的分号‘;’，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。
　2、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cachevi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：引用[eaccelerator]zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="64"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"



　　3、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：/usr/sbin/groupadd www/usr/sbin/useradd -g www wwwmkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blogchmod +w /data0/htdocs/blogchown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blogmkdir -p /data0/htdocs/wwwchmod +w /data0/htdocs/wwwchown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www


　　3、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.confvi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

　　输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：<?xml version="1.0" ?><configuration>
All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
<section name="global_options">
Pid file <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
Error log file <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
Log level <value name="log_level">notice</value>
When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ... <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated. Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory. <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
Set to 'no' to debug fpm <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
</section>
<workers>
<section name="pool">
Name of pool. Used in logs and stats. <value name="name">default</value>
Address to accept fastcgi requests on. Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket' <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
<value name="listen_options">
Set listen(2) backlog <value name="backlog">-1</value>
Set permissions for unix socket, if one used. In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server. Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. <value name="owner"></value> <value name="group"></value> <value name="mode">0666</value> </value>
Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. <value name="php_defines"> <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> <value name="display_errors">0</value> </value>
Unix user of processes <value name="user">www</value>
Unix group of processes <value name="group">www</value>
Process manager settings <value name="pm">
Sets style of controling worker process count. Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like' <value name="style">static</value>
Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served. Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi Used with any pm_style. <value name="max_children">128</value>
Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style <value name="apache_like">
Sets the number of server processes created on startup. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="StartServers">20</value>
Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes. Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
</value>
</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file '0s' means 'off' <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
The log file for slow requests <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
Set open file desc rlimit <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
Set max core size rlimit <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chroot"></value>
Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path <value name="chdir"></value>
Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
How much requests each process should execute before respawn. Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For endless request processing please specify 0 Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS? <value name="max_requests">1024</value>
Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect. Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+) Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket. <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment <value name="environment"> <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> <value name="TMP">/tmp</value> <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value> <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> </value>
</section>
</workers>
</configuration>
　　4、启动php-fpm启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：ulimit -SHn 65535/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
不知道为何在启动php-fpm时，提示Starting php_fpm PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so ' - /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/memcache.so : cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0
done因此去掉php.ini中的extension = "memcache.so"如果启动成功会显示：starting php_fpm done　　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。 三、安装Nginx 1.2.31、确认有PCRE库因为Nginx的Rewrite模块需要它。 安装命令：
yum -y install pcre pcre-devel 2、安装Nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.3.tar.gztar zxvf nginx-1.2.3.tar.gzcd nginx-1.2.3./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_modulemake && make install

按照以上命令，Nginx将被默认安装到/usr/local/nginx目录下，可以通过./configure --help命令来查看Nginx可选择的编译选项。3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs4、创建Nginx配置文件　　1)在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 2)我这儿没有采用原文中的内容，而是自己修改了nginx.conf文件，修改内容如下： 修改前修改后#user nobody;#user www www ; #location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
# } location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
} 3）利用下面语句，检测nginx.conf文件是否配置正确/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 注意：这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确，并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
4）修改nginx.conf文件以后，可以平滑重启（平滑重启：正常来讲，修改服务器配置以后，为了使服务器生效，那么需要关闭服务器并再次开启服务器；平滑重启，则是不需要你去关闭服务器并开启服务器，系统会自动完成）/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

5、启动Nginxulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 四、测试Nginx对PHP的解析功能
这里在/usr/local/nginx/html目录下创建一个phpinfo.php文件，内容如下：
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
然后通过浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1，默认会在浏览器显示“Welcome to Nginx!”表示Nginx正常运行。
接着在浏览器中访问http://127.0.0.1/phpinfo.php，如果PHP能够正常解析，会出现PHP安装配置以及功能列表统计信息。6、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
　五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535

　　使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p

　　7、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t注意：这句话仅用于检测配置文件是否正确，并没有重启nginx软件。还需要执行下面的语句才能进行重启
　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

　　2、平滑重启：
　　①、对于Nginx 0.8.x版本，现在平滑重启Nginx配置非常简单，执行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

　　②、对于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重启稍微麻烦一些，按照以下步骤进行即可。输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
　　输入以下内容：
引用#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
　　输入以下内容：
引用00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh































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