Android中关于外部存储的一些重要函数
一、简介关于Android的数据外部存储，在API Level 8之前，所有的文件都是建议放在Environment.getExternalStorageState()目录下的；从API Level 8开始，对于应用程序的私有文件应该放在Context.getExternalFilesDir目录下，非私有的（shared）的文件应该放在目录下Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String)所指定的目录下。对于缓存文件应该放在Context.getExternalCacheDir()目录下。另外在准备把数据保存外部存储之前应该先通过Environment.getExternalStorageState()获取其状态，再根据其状态确定其是否可用，如果不可用，可以考虑将数据保存在内部存储中。关于Android的内部存储可以参照《Android中关于内部存储的一些重要函数》二、Context中关于外部存储的重要函数

public abstract File getExternalCacheDir ()Since: API Level 8

Returns the absolute path to the directory on the external filesystem (that is somewhere on Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() where the application can place cache files it owns.

This is like getCacheDir() in that these files will be deleted when the application is uninstalled, however there are some important differences:

该函数像getCacheDir() 一样，保存在该目录下的文件会在卸载该应用程序时被删除。然而又有以下几点不同：

• The platform does not monitor the space available in external storage, and thus will not automatically delete these files. Note that you should be managing the maximum space you will use for these anyway, just like with getCacheDir(). 系统并不会监视外部存储的可用容量。因此程序员应该自己管理其占用的最大空间，自己做文件的清理机制
• External files are not always available: they will disappear if the user mounts the external storage on a computer or removes it. See the APIs onEnvironment for information in the storage state.
• There is no security enforced with these files. All applications can read and write files placed here. 系统对该目录下的文件并没做安全访问机制，所有的应用程序都可以读写该目录下的文件。

  Returns

  • Returns the path of the directory holding application cache files on external storage. Returns null if external storage is not currently mounted so it could not ensure the path exists; you will need to call this method again when it is available.

    See Also

    • getCacheDir()

      public abstract File getExternalFilesDir (String type)Since: API Level 8

      Returns the absolute path to the directory on the external filesystem (that is somewhere on Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()) where the application can place persistent files it owns. These files are private to the applications, and not typically visible to the user as media.

      该目录下的文件对其应用程序是私有的。其目录下的文件也不会被当做多媒体文件而为用户所见

      This is like getFilesDir() in that these files will be deleted when the application is uninstalled, however there are some important differences:

      该函数像 getFilesDir() 一样，保存在该目录下的文件会在卸载该应用程序时被删除。然而又有以下几点不同：

      • External files are not always available: they will disappear if the user mounts the external storage on a computer or removes it. See the APIs onEnvironment for information in the storage state.
      • There is no security enforced with these files. All applications can read and write files placed here. 系统对该目录下的文件并没做安全访问机制，所有的应用程序都可以读写该目录下的文件。

        Here is an example of typical code to manipulate a file in an application's private storage:

        void(){/* Create a path where we will place our private file on external     storage.     */File=newFile((null),"DemoFile.jpg");try{/* Very simple code to copy a picture from the application's           resource into the external file.  Note that this code does           no error checking, and assumes the picture is small (does not           try to copy it in chunks).  Note that if external storage is           not currently mounted this will silently fail.        */InputStreamis=().(..);OutputStream=newFileOutputStream();byte[]=newbyte[is.()];is.();.();is.();.();}catch(IOException){/* Unable to create file, likely because external storage is          not currently mounted.        */Log.("ExternalStorage","Error writing "+,);}}void(){/* Get path for the file on external storage.  If external      storage is not currently mounted this will fail.     */File=newFile((null),"DemoFile.jpg");if(!=null){.delete();}}boolean(){/* Get path for the file on external storage.  If external       storage is not currently mounted this will fail.    */File=newFile((null),"DemoFile.jpg");if(!=null){return.();}returnfalse;}
        

        If you supply a non-null type to this function, the returned file will be a path to a sub-directory of the given type. Though these files are not automatically scanned by the media scanner, you can explicitly add them to the media database with MediaScannerConnection.scanFile. Note that this is not the same asEnvironment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(), which provides directories of media shared by all applications. The directories returned here are owned by the application, and their contents will be removed when the application is uninstalled. UnlikeEnvironment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(), the directory returned here will be automatically created for you.

        Here is an example of typical code to manipulate a picture in an application's private storage and add it to the media database:

        void(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in our own private       pictures directory.  Note that we don't really need to place a       picture in DIRECTORY_PICTURES, since the media scanner will see       all media in these directories; this may be useful with other       media types such as DIRECTORY_MUSIC however to help it classify       your media for display to the user.    */File=(Environment.);File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");try{/* Very simple code to copy a picture from the application's           resource into the external file.  Note that this code does           no error checking, and assumes the picture is small (does not           try to copy it in chunks).  Note that if external storage is           not currently mounted this will silently fail.        */InputStreamis=().(..);OutputStream=newFileOutputStream();byte[]=newbyte[is.()];is.();.();is.();.();/* Tell the media scanner about the new file so that it is          immediately available to the user.        */MediaScannerConnection.(this,newString[]{.()},null,newMediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener(){publicvoid(String,Uri){Log.("ExternalStorage","Scanned "++":");Log.("ExternalStorage","-> uri="+);}});}catch(IOException){/* Unable to create file, likely because external storage is          not currently mounted.        */Log.("ExternalStorage","Error writing "+,);}}void(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's      public pictures directory and delete the file.  If external      storage is not currently mounted this will fail.    */File=(Environment.);if(!=null){File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");.delete();}}boolean(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's       public pictures directory and check if the file exists.  If       external storage is not currently mounted this will think the       picture doesn't exist.    */File=(Environment.);if(!=null){File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");return.();}returnfalse;}
        

        ParameterstypeThe type of files directory to return. May be null for the root of the files directory or one of the following Environment constants for a subdirectory:DIRECTORY_MUSIC, DIRECTORY_PODCASTS, DIRECTORY_RINGTONES, DIRECTORY_ALARMS, DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS, DIRECTORY_PICTURES, or DIRECTORY_MOVIES.

        Returns

        • Returns the path of the directory holding application files on external storage. Returns null if external storage is not currently mounted so it could not ensure the path exists; you will need to call this method again when it is available.

          See Also

          • getFilesDir()
          • getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String)三、Environment中关于外部存储的重要函数

            public static File getExternalStorageDirectory ()Since: API Level 1

            Gets the Android external storage directory. This directory may not currently be accessible if it has been mounted by the user on their computer, has been removed from the device, or some other problem has happened. You can determine its current state with getExternalStorageState().

            Note: don't be confused by the word "external" here. This directory can better be thought as media/shared storage. It is a filesystem that can hold a relatively large amount of data and that is shared across all applications (does not enforce permissions). Traditionally this is an SD card, but it may also be implemented as built-in storage in a device that is distinct from the protected internal storage and can be mounted as a filesystem on a computer.

            In devices with multiple "external" storage directories (such as both secure app storage and mountable shared storage), this directory represents the "primary" external storage that the user will interact with.

            Applications should not directly use this top-level directory, in order to avoid polluting the user's root namespace. Any files that are private to the application should be placed in a directory returned by Context.getExternalFilesDir, which the system will take care of deleting if the application is uninstalled. Other shared files should be placed in one of the directories returned by getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String).

            该函数现在已经不合时宜，在API Level 8后，对于应用程序的私有文件应该放在Context.getExternalFilesDir目录下，非私有的（shared）的文件应该放在目录下Environment提供的函数getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(String)所指定的目录下

            Here is an example of typical code to monitor the state of external storage:

            BroadcastReceiver;boolean=false;boolean=false;void(){String=Environment.();if(Environment..()){==true;}elseif(Environment..()){=true;=false;}else{==false;}(,);}void(){=newBroadcastReceiver(){@Overridepublicvoid(Context,Intent){Log.("test","Storage: "+.());();}};IntentFilter=newIntentFilter();.(Intent.);.(Intent.);(,);();}void(){();
            

            See Also

            • getExternalStorageState()
            • isExternalStorageRemovable()

              public static File getExternalStoragePublicDirectory (String type)

              Get a top-level public external storage directory for placing files of a particular type. This is where the user will typically place and manage their own files, so you should be careful about what you put here to ensure you don't erase their files or get in the way of their own organization.

              Here is an example of typical code to manipulate a picture on the public external storage:

              void(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's       public pictures directory.  Note that you should be careful about       what you place here, since the user often manages these files.  For       pictures and other media owned by the application, consider       Context.getExternalMediaDir().    */File=Environment.(Environment.);File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");try{// Make sure the Pictures directory exists.        path.mkdirs();/* Very simple code to copy a picture from the application's           resource into the external file.  Note that this code does           no error checking, and assumes the picture is small (does not           try to copy it in chunks).  Note that if external storage is           not currently mounted this will silently fail.         */InputStreamis=().(..);OutputStream=newFileOutputStream();byte[]=newbyte[is.()];is.();.();is.();.();/* Tell the media scanner about the new file so that it is           immediately available to the user.        */MediaScannerConnection.(this,newString[]{.()},null,newMediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener(){publicvoid(String,Uri){Log.("ExternalStorage","Scanned "++":");Log.("ExternalStorage","-> uri="+);}});}catch(IOException){/* Unable to create file, likely because external storage is           not currently mounted.        */Log.("ExternalStorage","Error writing "+,);}}void(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's       public pictures directory and delete the file.  If external       storage is not currently mounted this will fail.    */File=Environment.(Environment.);File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");.delete();}boolean(){/* Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's       public pictures directory and check if the file exists.  If       external storage is not currently mounted this will think the       picture doesn't exist.    */File=Environment.(Environment.);File=newFile(,"DemoPicture.jpg");return.();
              

              ParameterstypeThe type of storage directory to return. Should be one of DIRECTORY_MUSIC, DIRECTORY_PODCASTS, DIRECTORY_RINGTONES, DIRECTORY_ALARMS,DIRECTORY_NOTIFICATIONS, DIRECTORY_PICTURES, DIRECTORY_MOVIES, DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, or DIRECTORY_DCIM. May not be null.

              Returns

              • Returns the File path for the directory. Note that this directory may not yet exist, so you must make sure it exists before using it such as with File.mkdirs().
                

                public static String getExternalStorageState ()Since: API Level 1

                Gets the current state of the primary "external" storage device.

                See getExternalStorageDirectory() for more information.

                返回值可以为Environment的以下常量之一ConstantsStringMEDIA_BAD_REMOVALgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL
                if the media was removed before it was unmounted.StringMEDIA_CHECKINGgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_CHECKING
                if the media is present and being disk-checkedStringMEDIA_MOUNTEDgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_MOUNTED
                if the media is present and mounted at its mount point with read/write access.StringMEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLYgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY
                if the media is present and mounted at its mount point with read only access.StringMEDIA_NOFSgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_NOFS
                if the media is present but is blank or is using an unsupported filesystemStringMEDIA_REMOVEDgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_REMOVED
                if the media is not present.StringMEDIA_SHAREDgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_SHARED
                if the media is present not mounted, and shared via USB mass storage.StringMEDIA_UNMOUNTABLEgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE
                if the media is present but cannot be mounted.StringMEDIA_UNMOUNTEDgetExternalStorageState() returns MEDIA_UNMOUNTED
                if the media is present but not mounted.

                结束