tomcat配置https详述(SSL)
一般的网页传输都是基于http协议，在网络中流通的信息都为明文，非常容易泄密。为保证网站信息不被中间服务器或者其它探测软件捕获，一般企业都使用SSL对网页内容加密，下面介绍tomcat中的SSL加密，详细可参考链接：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/ssl-howto.html
tomcat的加密根据自身的特色分两种情况，一种为使用Java runtime(非APR)，一种为OpenSSL library (through APR/Tomcat-Native). 这两种的配置完全不同，下面分别介绍，读者可以按自己应用的情况分别选择。
一、Java runtime(非APR)情况
1、产生client /server java key store
import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.math.BigInteger;import java.security.InvalidKeyException;import java.security.KeyPair;import java.security.KeyStore;import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;import java.security.SecureRandom;import java.security.SignatureException;import java.security.cert.Certificate;import java.security.cert.CertificateEncodingException;import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;import java.util.Date;import javax.security.auth.x500.X500Principal;import javax.security.auth.x500.X500PrivateCredential;import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.asymmetric.ec.KeyPairGenerator;import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V3CertificateGenerator;/** * * Tomcat HTTPS client/server key Certificate generator * */public class TomcatKey { //Client Certificate static String TRUST_STORE_NAME = "client"; static char[] TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD = "test".toCharArray(); //Server Certificate static String SERVER_NAME = "server"; static char[] SERVER_PASSWORD = "test".toCharArray(); static String SERVER_HOST = "localhost"; /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { try { // trustsotre, my root certificate KeyStore store = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"); // initialize store.load(null, null); KeyPair rootPair = generateKeyPair(); X500PrivateCredential rootCredential = createRootCredential(rootPair); store.setCertificateEntry(TRUST_STORE_NAME, rootCredential .getCertificate()); store.store(new FileOutputStream(TRUST_STORE_NAME + ".keystore"), TRUST_STORE_PASSWORD); // server credentials store = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS"); store.load(null, null); store.setKeyEntry(SERVER_NAME, rootCredential.getPrivateKey(), SERVER_PASSWORD, new Certificate[] { rootCredential .getCertificate() }); store.store(new FileOutputStream(SERVER_NAME + ".keystore"), SERVER_PASSWORD); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //generate Key Pair public static KeyPair generateKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException { // create the keys java.security.KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA"); generator.initialize(1024, new SecureRandom()); return generator.generateKeyPair(); } //generate certificate public static X500PrivateCredential createRootCredential(KeyPair rootPair) throws Exception { X509Certificate rootCert = generateX509V3RootCertificate(rootPair); return new X500PrivateCredential(rootCert, rootPair.getPrivate()); } public static X509Certificate generateX509V3RootCertificate(KeyPair pair)throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException, CertificateEncodingException, InvalidKeyException, IllegalStateException, SignatureException { X509V3CertificateGenerator certGen = new X509V3CertificateGenerator(); certGen.setSerialNumber(BigInteger.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis())); certGen.setIssuerDN(new X500Principal("CN=" + SERVER_HOST+ ", OU=GoldenSF, O=SHA, C=cn")); certGen.setNotBefore(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - 5000L)); certGen.setSubjectDN(new X500Principal("CN=" + SERVER_HOST+ ", OU=GoldenSF, O=SHA, C=cn")); certGen.setPublicKey(pair.getPublic()); certGen.setSignatureAlgorithm("SHA1WithRSA"); certGen.setNotAfter(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + Integer.MAX_VALUE)); return certGen.generate(pair.getPrivate(), new SecureRandom()); }}2、将产生的文件：client.keystore, and server.keystore放到apache-tomcat-7/conf下面
3、修改/conf/server.xml如下：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <!--<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> --> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <Service name="Catalina"><Connector port="443" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="conf/server.keystore" keystorePass="test" truststoreFile ="conf/client.keystore" truststorePass="test"/> <Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="443" protocol="AJP/1.3" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" resolveHosts="false"/> </Host> </Engine> </Service></Server>
4、启动tomcat, 如果 https://localhost/ 能正常打开，说明配置成功。
一些注意：
1）如果不使用JAVA文件生成keystore,也可以通过JDK自带的命令生成，
如生成服务器端证书 keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -dname "cn=localhost,ou=test,o=test,l=hongkong,st=hk,c=hk" -alias server -keypass asdfzxcv23 -keystore server.jks -storepass asdfzxcv23 -validity 3650 客户端的CN可以是任意值,具体的可以参考相关文章
2）在修改server.xml时，需要将tomcat的默认APR配置删除
<!--<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> -->
3）如果之前有APR的配置，需要删除文件bin\tcnative-1.dll
4）注意JAVA文件生成的key和密码一定要与配置中的一致，区分大小写。
二、OPENSSL library (through APR/Tomcat-Native)情况
1、首先需要到OPENSSL网站下载OpenSSL-Win32（或者Linux）,安装非常简单
2、利用OPENSSL生成公钥
D:\OpenSSL-Win32\bin>openssl
genrsa -des3 -out key1.pem 2048
enter pwd: test, to get a file : key1.pem
3、继续利用OPENSSL生成私钥
req -new -x509 -key key1.pem -out key1cert.pem -days 1095
得到文件: key1cert.pem
4、将这两个文件放到apache-tomcat-7\conf目录下，并修改server.xml为如下内容：
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN"> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" /> <GlobalNamingResources> <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources> <Service name="Catalina"><Connector port="443" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true"acceptCount="100" scheme="https" secure="true"clientAuth="false" SSLEnabled="true"protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol"SSLCertificateFile="D:\apache-tomcat-7\conf\key1cert.pem"SSLCertificateKeyFile="D:\apache-tomcat-7\conf\key1.pem"SSLPassword="test"/> <Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="443" protocol="AJP/1.3" /> <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm"> <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/> </Realm> <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs" prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" resolveHosts="false"/> </Host> </Engine> </Service></Server>
5、启动tomcat ,https://localhost如果能正常打开，说明配置成功。
几点注意：
1）、注意APR是否已经正常配置，
2）、在启动tomcat前需要确认任务管理器中没有其它tomcat进程在执行（一般删除所有javaw.exe即可），免得造成冲突，提示：java.lang.Exception: Socket bind failed；
3）、密码要一致，文件名不可写混。
以上是我在tomcat环境下配置HTTPS的一点心得，欢迎大家指正。
1 楼 paomo30000 2011-03-16 楼主你好。看了你的文章受益匪浅，我按照第一种方法Java runtime(非APR)情况在本机访问https://localhost/ 当IE加载了证书后能正常打开，但是用同网的其他机器访问即使加载了受信任证书后任然不能访问而是指向了ORACLE官方网站，请问这是怎么回事？ 2 楼 zeallf 2011-03-22 to paomo30000 :
其它机器访问应该需要设置IP了，下面这名有没有改？
static String SERVER_HOST = "localhost";