JavaScript类和继承:constructor属性
constructor属性始终指向创建当前对象的构造函数。比如下面例子:
- // 等价于 var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);?
var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12];?
console.log(arr.constructor === Array); // true?
// 等价于 var foo = new Function();?
var Foo = function() { };?
console.log(Foo.constructor === Function); // true?
// 由构造函数实例化一个obj对象?
var obj = new Foo();?
console.log(obj.constructor === Foo); // true?
// 将上面两段代码合起来,就得到下面的结论?
console.log(obj.constructor.constructor === Function); // true
我们知道每个函数都有一个默认的属性prototype,而这个prototype的constructor默认指向这个函数。如下例所示:
- function Person(name) {?
? this.name = name;??
};?
Person.prototype.getName = function() {?
? return this.name;??
};?
var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// true??
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true?
// 将上两行代码合并就得到如下结果?
console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true
- function Person(name) {?
? this.name = name;??
};?
Person.prototype = {?
? getName: function() {??
?? ???return this.name;??
? }??
};?
var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// false??
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false?
console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false
为什么呢?
原来是因为覆盖Person.prototype时,等价于进行如下代码操作:
- Person.prototype = new Object({?
? getName: function() {??
?? ???return this.name;??
? }??
});
而constructor属性始终指向创建自身的构造函数,所以此时Person.prototype.constructor === Object,即是:
- function Person(name) {?
? this.name = name;??
};?
Person.prototype = {?
? getName: function() {??
?? ???return this.name;??
? }??
};?
var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
console.log(p.constructor === Object);?// true??
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true?
console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true
怎么修正这种问题呢?方法也很简单,重新覆盖Person.prototype.constructor即可:
- function Person(name) {?
? this.name = name;??
};?
Person.prototype = new Object({?
? getName: function() {??
?? ???return this.name;??
? }??
});?
Person.prototype.constructor = Person;?
var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// true??
console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true?
console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true