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C++完善实现Singleton模式

发布时间: 2012-11-09 10:18:48 作者: rapoo

C++完美实现Singleton模式

Singleton模式是常用的设计模式之一,但是要实现一个真正实用的设计模式却也不是件容易的事情。

1.???????? 标准的实现

class Singleton

{

public:

?????? static Singleton * Instance()

?????? {

????????????? if( 0== _instance)

????????????? {

???????????????????? _instance = new Singleton;

????????????? }

????????????? return _instance;

?????? }

protected:

?????? Singleton(void)

?????? {

?????? }

?????? virtual ~Singleton(void)

?????? {

?????? }

?????? static Singleton* _instance;

};

?????? 这是教科书上使用的方法。看起来没有什么问题,其实包含很多的问题。下面我们一个一个的解决。

2.???????? 自动垃圾回收

上面的程序必须记住在程序结束的时候,释放内存。为了让它自动的释放内存,我们引入auto_ptr改变它。

#include <memory>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Singleton

{

public:

?????? static Singleton * Instance()

?????? {

????????????? if( 0== _instance.get())

????????????? {

???????????????????? _instance.reset( new Singleton);

????????????? }

????????????? return _instance.get();

?????? }

protected:

?????? Singleton(void)

?????? {

????????????? cout <<"Create Singleton"<<endl;

?????? }

?????? virtual ~Singleton(void)

?????? {

????????????? cout << "Destroy Singleton"<<endl;

?????? }

?????? friend class auto_ptr<Singleton>;

?????? static auto_ptr<Singleton> _instance;

};

//Singleton.cpp

auto_ptr<Singleton> Singleton::_instance;

3.???????? 增加模板

在我的一个工程中,有多个的Singleton类,对Singleton类,我都要实现上面这一切,这让我觉得烦死了。于是我想到了模板来完成这些重复的工作。

现在我们要添加本文中最吸引人单件实现:

/********************************************************************

??? (c) 2003-2005 C2217 Studio

??? Module:??? Singleton.h

??? Author:???? Yangjun D.

??? Created:??? 9/3/2005?? 23:17

??? Purpose:??? Implement singleton pattern

??? History:

*********************************************************************/

#pragma once

?

#include <memory>

using namespace std;

using namespace C2217::Win32;

?

namespace C2217

{

namespace Pattern

{

template <class T>

class Singleton

{

public:

?????? static inline T* instance();

??????

private:

?????? Singleton(void){}

?????? ~Singleton(void){}

?????? Singleton(const Singleton&){}

?????? Singleton & operator= (const Singleton &){}

?

?????? static auto_ptr<T> _instance;

};

?

template <class T>

auto_ptr<T> Singleton<T>::_instance;

?

template <class T>

?inline T* Singleton<T>::instance()

{

?????? if( 0== _instance.get())

?????? {

????????????? _instance.reset ( new T);

?????? }

??????

?????? return _instance.get();

}

?

//Class that will implement the singleton mode,

//must use the macro in it's delare file

#define DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS( type ) \

?????? friend class auto_ptr< type >;\

?????? friend class Singleton< type >;

}

}

?

4.???????? 线程安全

上面的程序可以适应单线程的程序。但是如果把它用到多线程的程序就会发生问题。主要的问题在于同时执行_instance.reset ( new T); 就会同时产生两个新的对象,然后马上释放一个,这跟Singleton模式的本意不符。所以,你需要更加安全的版本:

/********************************************************************

??? (c) 2003-2005 C2217 Studio

??? Module:??? Singleton.h

??? Author:???? Yangjun D.

??? Created:??? 9/3/2005?? 23:17

??? Purpose:??? Implement singleton pattern

??? History:

*********************************************************************/

#pragma once

?

#include <memory>

using namespace std;

#include "Interlocked.h"

using namespace C2217::Win32;

?

namespace C2217

{

namespace Pattern

{

template <class T>

class Singleton

{

public:

?????? static inline T* instance();

??????

private:

?????? Singleton(void){}

?????? ~Singleton(void){}

?????? Singleton(const Singleton&){}

?????? Singleton & operator= (const Singleton &){}

?

?????? static auto_ptr<T> _instance;

?????? static CResGuard _rs;

};

?

template <class T>

auto_ptr<T> Singleton<T>::_instance;

?

template <class T>

CResGuard Singleton<T>::_rs;

?

template <class T>

?inline T* Singleton<T>::instance()

{

?????? if( 0 == _instance.get() )

?????? {

????????????? CResGuard::CGuard gd(_rs);

????????????? if( 0== _instance.get())

????????????? {

???????????????????? _instance.reset ( new T);

????????????? }

?????? }

?????? return _instance.get();

}

?

//Class that will implement the singleton mode,

//must use the macro in it's delare file

#define DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS( type ) \

?????? friend class auto_ptr< type >;\

?????? friend class Singleton< type >;

}

}

?????? CresGuard 类主要的功能是线程访问同步,代码如下:

/******************************************************************************

Module:? Interlocked.h

Notices: Copyright (c) 2000 Jeffrey Richter

******************************************************************************/

?

?

#pragma once

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

?

// Instances of this class will be accessed by multiple threads. So,

// all members of this class (except the constructor and destructor)

// must be thread-safe.

class CResGuard {

public:

?? CResGuard()? { m_lGrdCnt = 0; InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs); }

?? ~CResGuard() { DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs); }

?

?? // IsGuarded is used for debugging

?? BOOL IsGuarded() const { return(m_lGrdCnt > 0); }

?

public:

?? class CGuard {

?? public:

????? CGuard(CResGuard& rg) : m_rg(rg) { m_rg.Guard(); };

????? ~CGuard() { m_rg.Unguard(); }

?

?? private:

????? CResGuard& m_rg;

?? };

?

private:

?? void Guard()?? { EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs); m_lGrdCnt++; }

?? void Unguard() { m_lGrdCnt--; LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs); }

?

?? // Guard/Unguard can only be accessed by the nested CGuard class.

?? friend class CResGuard::CGuard;

?

private:

?? CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;

?? long m_lGrdCnt;?? // # of EnterCriticalSection calls

};

?

?

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

5.???????? 实用方法

比如你有一个需要实现单件模式的类,就应该这样实现:

#pragma once

#include "singleton.h"

using namespace C2217::Pattern;

?

class ServiceManger

{

public:

?????? void Run()

?????? {

?????? }

private:

?????? ServiceManger(void)

?????? {

?????? }

?????? virtual ~ServiceManger(void)

?????? {

?????? }

?????? DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS(ServiceManger);

};

?

typedef Singleton<ServiceManger> SSManger;

?

在使用的时候很简单,跟一般的Singleton实现的方法没有什么不同。

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])

{

??????? SSManger::instance()->Run();

}

?

一个简单的Singleton模式的实现,可以看到C++语言背后隐藏的丰富的语意,我希望有人能实现一个更好的Singleton让大家学习。我从一开始实现Singleton类的过程,其实就是我学习C++的过程,越是深入越觉得C++了不起。

?

posted on 2005-09-20 22:14 天下无双 阅读(18400) 评论(30) ?编辑?收藏 引用 所属分类: C/C++

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