C++完美实现Singleton模式
Singleton模式是常用的设计模式之一,但是要实现一个真正实用的设计模式却也不是件容易的事情。 1.???????? 标准的实现 class Singleton { public: ?????? static Singleton * Instance() ?????? { ????????????? if( 0== _instance) ????????????? { ???????????????????? _instance = new Singleton; ????????????? } ????????????? return _instance; ?????? } protected: ?????? Singleton(void) ?????? { ?????? } ?????? virtual ~Singleton(void) ?????? { ?????? } ?????? static Singleton* _instance; }; ?????? 这是教科书上使用的方法。看起来没有什么问题,其实包含很多的问题。下面我们一个一个的解决。 2.???????? 自动垃圾回收 上面的程序必须记住在程序结束的时候,释放内存。为了让它自动的释放内存,我们引入auto_ptr改变它。 #include <memory> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Singleton { public: ?????? static Singleton * Instance() ?????? { ????????????? if( 0== _instance.get()) ????????????? { ???????????????????? _instance.reset( new Singleton); ????????????? } ????????????? return _instance.get(); ?????? } protected: ?????? Singleton(void) ?????? { ????????????? cout <<"Create Singleton"<<endl; ?????? } ?????? virtual ~Singleton(void) ?????? { ????????????? cout << "Destroy Singleton"<<endl; ?????? } ?????? friend class auto_ptr<Singleton>; ?????? static auto_ptr<Singleton> _instance; }; //Singleton.cpp auto_ptr<Singleton> Singleton::_instance; 3.???????? 增加模板 在我的一个工程中,有多个的Singleton类,对Singleton类,我都要实现上面这一切,这让我觉得烦死了。于是我想到了模板来完成这些重复的工作。 现在我们要添加本文中最吸引人单件实现: /******************************************************************** ??? (c) 2003-2005 C2217 Studio ??? Module:??? Singleton.h ??? Author:???? Yangjun D. ??? Created:??? 9/3/2005?? 23:17 ??? Purpose:??? Implement singleton pattern ??? History: *********************************************************************/ #pragma once ? #include <memory> using namespace std; using namespace C2217::Win32; ? namespace C2217 { namespace Pattern { template <class T> class Singleton { public: ?????? static inline T* instance(); ?????? private: ?????? Singleton(void){} ?????? ~Singleton(void){} ?????? Singleton(const Singleton&){} ?????? Singleton & operator= (const Singleton &){} ? ?????? static auto_ptr<T> _instance; }; ? template <class T> auto_ptr<T> Singleton<T>::_instance; ? template <class T> ?inline T* Singleton<T>::instance() { ?????? if( 0== _instance.get()) ?????? { ????????????? _instance.reset ( new T); ?????? } ?????? ?????? return _instance.get(); } ? //Class that will implement the singleton mode, //must use the macro in it's delare file #define DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS( type ) \ ?????? friend class auto_ptr< type >;\ ?????? friend class Singleton< type >; } } ? 4.???????? 线程安全 上面的程序可以适应单线程的程序。但是如果把它用到多线程的程序就会发生问题。主要的问题在于同时执行_instance.reset ( new T); 就会同时产生两个新的对象,然后马上释放一个,这跟Singleton模式的本意不符。所以,你需要更加安全的版本: /******************************************************************** ??? (c) 2003-2005 C2217 Studio ??? Module:??? Singleton.h ??? Author:???? Yangjun D. ??? Created:??? 9/3/2005?? 23:17 ??? Purpose:??? Implement singleton pattern ??? History: *********************************************************************/ #pragma once ? #include <memory> using namespace std; #include "Interlocked.h" using namespace C2217::Win32; ? namespace C2217 { namespace Pattern { template <class T> class Singleton { public: ?????? static inline T* instance(); ?????? private: ?????? Singleton(void){} ?????? ~Singleton(void){} ?????? Singleton(const Singleton&){} ?????? Singleton & operator= (const Singleton &){} ? ?????? static auto_ptr<T> _instance; ?????? static CResGuard _rs; }; ? template <class T> auto_ptr<T> Singleton<T>::_instance; ? template <class T> CResGuard Singleton<T>::_rs; ? template <class T> ?inline T* Singleton<T>::instance() { ?????? if( 0 == _instance.get() ) ?????? { ????????????? CResGuard::CGuard gd(_rs); ????????????? if( 0== _instance.get()) ????????????? { ???????????????????? _instance.reset ( new T); ????????????? } ?????? } ?????? return _instance.get(); } ? //Class that will implement the singleton mode, //must use the macro in it's delare file #define DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS( type ) \ ?????? friend class auto_ptr< type >;\ ?????? friend class Singleton< type >; } } ?????? CresGuard 类主要的功能是线程访问同步,代码如下: /****************************************************************************** Module:? Interlocked.h Notices: Copyright (c) 2000 Jeffrey Richter ******************************************************************************/ ? ? #pragma once /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ? // Instances of this class will be accessed by multiple threads. So, // all members of this class (except the constructor and destructor) // must be thread-safe. class CResGuard { public: ?? CResGuard()? { m_lGrdCnt = 0; InitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs); } ?? ~CResGuard() { DeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs); } ? ?? // IsGuarded is used for debugging ?? BOOL IsGuarded() const { return(m_lGrdCnt > 0); } ? public: ?? class CGuard { ?? public: ????? CGuard(CResGuard& rg) : m_rg(rg) { m_rg.Guard(); }; ????? ~CGuard() { m_rg.Unguard(); } ? ?? private: ????? CResGuard& m_rg; ?? }; ? private: ?? void Guard()?? { EnterCriticalSection(&m_cs); m_lGrdCnt++; } ?? void Unguard() { m_lGrdCnt--; LeaveCriticalSection(&m_cs); } ? ?? // Guard/Unguard can only be accessed by the nested CGuard class. ?? friend class CResGuard::CGuard; ? private: ?? CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs; ?? long m_lGrdCnt;?? // # of EnterCriticalSection calls }; ? ? /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5.???????? 实用方法 比如你有一个需要实现单件模式的类,就应该这样实现: #pragma once #include "singleton.h" using namespace C2217::Pattern; ? class ServiceManger { public: ?????? void Run() ?????? { ?????? } private: ?????? ServiceManger(void) ?????? { ?????? } ?????? virtual ~ServiceManger(void) ?????? { ?????? } ?????? DECLARE_SINGLETON_CLASS(ServiceManger); }; ? typedef Singleton<ServiceManger> SSManger; ? 在使用的时候很简单,跟一般的Singleton实现的方法没有什么不同。 int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { ??????? SSManger::instance()->Run(); } ? 一个简单的Singleton模式的实现,可以看到C++语言背后隐藏的丰富的语意,我希望有人能实现一个更好的Singleton让大家学习。我从一开始实现Singleton类的过程,其实就是我学习C++的过程,越是深入越觉得C++了不起。 ? posted on 2005-09-20 22:14 天下无双 阅读(18400) 评论(30) ?编辑?收藏 引用 所属分类: C/C++