封装GridBagLayout的EasyGridLayout组件布局类和GridBagConstraints类字段解析

一、实用源程序，可以用于自己的类库中调用相应的setConstraints方法即可迅速地实现界面良好布局：
package ioutil;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class EasyGridLayout extends GridBagLayout{
?public void setConstraints(JLabel c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet(c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 0, 0,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NONE,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
?????
public void setConstraints (JButton c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 0,0,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NONE,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.CENTER);
?? }
?? public void setConstraints (JTextField c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 100, 0,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
? ? public void setConstraints (JScrollPane c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 100, 100,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
public void setConstraints (JTextArea c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 100, 100,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
?public void setConstraints (JList c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 100, 100,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
public void setConstraints (JCheckBox c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
???? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
??????????????? 0, 0,
??????????????? GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,
??????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
public void setConstraints (JRadioButton c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
???? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
??????????????? 0, 0,
??????????????? GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL,
??????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
?public void setConstraints (JPanel c, int row, int col,
?????????????????????????????? int width, int height){
????? finishSet (c, row, col, width, height,
???????????????? 100, 100,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.BOTH,
???????????????? GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST);
?? }
private void finishSet (Component c, int y, int x, int w, int h,//gridx,gridwidth4个单位都是网格
?????????????????????????? int weightx, int weighty, //分配额外空间比例给行列，以上三种都是如何将网格分配给组件。
?????????????????????????? int fill, int anchor){//组件大于或小于网格时伸缩或放置位置。在特定网格区域内设置伸缩，放置，内边距。
??????????????????????????
????? GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
?????
????? gbc.insets.bottom = 5; //组件与放置它的grix、gridy之间的偏移，单位为px.
????? gbc.insets.left = 5;
????? gbc.insets.right = 5;
????? gbc.insets.top = 5;
????? gbc.insets.left = 5;
????? gbc.insets.right = 5;
????? gbc.insets.top = 5;
???? ?
????? gbc.weightx = weightx;
????? gbc.weighty = weighty;
???? ?
????? gbc.fill = fill;
????? gbc.anchor = anchor;
???? ?
????? gbc.gridx = x-1;
????? gbc.gridy = y-1;
???? ?
????? gbc.gridwidth = w;
????? gbc.gridheight = h;
????? setConstraints(c, gbc);//
?? }
}

二、测试类代码，为了了解上述的源程序所写：
package ioutil;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
public class GridBagLayoutInstance? extends JPanel{
??? public GridBagLayoutInstance() {
???? this.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
??? ??? this.setOpaque(true);//the component should be opaque透明的。
??? ??? GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();
??? ??? JButton b = new JButton ("Button One");
??? ??? c.gridx = 0 ;//控件左上角坐标
??? ??? c.gridy = 0;
??? ??? c.gridwidth = 2;//所占cell个数
??? ??? c.gridheight = 1;
??? ??? this.add(b,c);//button 1 added

??? ??? c.gridy++;
??? ??? b= new JButton("Button Two");
??? ??? this.add(b,c);

?????? c.gridx = 2;
??? ??? c.gridy = 0;
??? ??? c.gridwidth = 1;
??? ??? c.gridheight = 2;
??? ??? b = new JButton("Button Three");
??? ??? this.add(b,c);

??? ??? c.gridx = 3;
??? ??? c.gridy = 0;
??? ??? c.gridwidth = 1;
??? ??? c.gridheight = 2;
??? ??? //c.insets.top=10;
??? ??? //c.insets.left=10;
??? ??? //c.fill=GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
??? ??? //c.anchor=GridBagConstraints.ABOVE_BASELINE;
??? ??? b = new JButton("Button Fourth");
??? ???? this.add(b,c);
?????
? ? ?? c.gridx = 0 ;
??? ??? c.gridy = 2;
?????? c.gridwidth = 4;
??? ??? c.gridheight =1 ;
??? ??? this.add(new JTextField(35),c);
??? ??? }

??? ??? public static void main(String[] args) {
??? ??? JFrame f = new JFrame("GridBagLayout Instance ");
??? ??? JPanel p = new GridBagLayoutInstance();
??? ??? f.getContentPane().add(p);
??? ??? f.pack();
??? ??? f.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
??? ??? //f.setSize(300,400);
??? ??? f.setVisible(true);
? } }???
三、拓展学习GridBagConstraints类及测试类结果：
因为GridBagLayout提供的强大的功能，可以将组件布局在大小、个数不同的网格中，所以要借助一个聚合类GridBagConstriants类，下面关于GridBagConstriants类众多常量设置的解析：
测试原来界面：

?
first：如何将网格分配给组件：
1.gridx字段：组件的左上角坐标单位为单元格，初始为（0,0）坐标
? gbc.gridx=0;
? gbc.gridy=0;
?? gbc.gridx = x-1;
????? gbc.gridy = y-1;
2.gridwidth gridheight字段：组件在长宽覆盖的单元格的个数
?? gbc.gridwidth = 2;
?? gbc.gridheight = 1;????
3.weightx weighty,指定如何分布额外的水平、垂直空间给行列用于显示大组件，全部将额外行列空间分配为100,0时为不分配给行列，将额外的分配给行列之间或者在边距出。默认为0.
?gbc.weightx = weightx
? gbc.weighty = weighty;
将两个同时设置为0,100,30时对比:

?
sencond：在特定网格区域内设置伸缩，放置，内边距：
4.insets.left字段：组件与放置它的grix、gridy之间的偏移，单位为px但不用写出.
gbc.insets.left=10;?
gbc.insets.right=10；
jbutton.insets.top
jbutton.insets.bottom
都设置为10时显示：

5.fill字段：指定组件如何伸缩填充包含它的网格区域。一般是指组件大于它的网格时。
gbc.fill=GridBagConstraints.NONE HORIZONTAL VERTICAL BOTH，也可以是用户传递进去的数值。
BOTH设置情形：

HORIZONTAL设置情形：

?6.anchor字段：它可以确定在显示区域中放置组件的位置，当组件小于它的网格时。默认为absolute的CENTER.
(1)absolute 绝对值
gbc.anchor=Constraints.CENTER;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.NORTHWEST;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.NORTH;
EAST、SOUTHEAST、SOUTH、SOUTHWEST、WEST 和 NORTHWEST
NORTHWEST设置：

?(2)orientation relative基于方向的值
gbc.anchor=Constraints.PAGE_START;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.LINE_START;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.LINE_END;
PAGE_START, PAGE_END, LINE_START, LINE_END, FIRST_LINE_START, FIRST_LINE_END, LAST_LINE_START and LAST_LINE_END.
PAGE_START设置：

?LINE_START设置：

?
(3)baseline relvative 相对于基线的值
gbc.anchor=Constraints.BASELINE;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.ABOVE_BASELINE;
gbc.anchor=Constraints.BELOW_BASELINE_LEADING;
BASELINE设置：

?ABOVE_BASELINE设置：