linux grep命令操作指南

① 定义

grep是行级设备，它分析一行信息，若当中有我们所需要的信息，就将整行返回

② 作用

进行字符串数据的对比，将符合用户需求的字符串打印出来

③ 格式

grep [-acinv] [--color=auto] '查找字符串' filename

参数：
-a：将二进制文件一text文件的方式查找数据
-c：计算找到‘查找字符串’的次数
-i：对大小写透明
-n：输出行号
-v：显示没有‘查找字符串’内容的那一行
-A:后面可加数字，为after的意思，除了列出该行外，后续的n行也列出来
-B:后面可加数字，为before的意思，除了列出该行外，前面的n行也列出来
--color=auto：关键字上色

④ 例子
eg01：找出有检查点事件发生的标志

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ grep -in --color=auto 'checkpoint' alert_orcl.log64:  checkpoint is 44607466:  checkpoint is 44607469:  checkpoint is 44607472:  checkpoint is 446074383:  checkpoint is 4602001845:Checkpoint not complete2112:  checkpoint is 6062172114:  checkpoint is 6062172116:  checkpoint is 6062172118:  checkpoint is 6062172120:  checkpoint is 606217

eg02：从内核中找出网卡相关信息

[oracle@localhost bdump]$ dmesg | grep -n -A3 -B2 --color=auto 'eth'599-iscsi: registered transport (iser)600-iscsi: registered transport (be2iscsi)601:eth0: no IPv6 routers present602-Bluetooth: Core ver 2.10603-NET: Registered protocol family 31604-Bluetooth: HCI device and connection manager initialized--615-ip_conntrack version 2.4 (8192 buckets, 65536 max) - 228 bytes per conntrack616-ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team617:peth0: Promiscuous mode enabled.618:device peth0 entered promiscuous mode619:xenbr0: port 1(peth0) entering forwarding state620-device vif0.0 entered promiscuous mode621-New device vif0.0 does not support netpoll622-Disabling netpoll for xenbr0--625-hdc: drive_cmd: error=0x04 { AbortedCommand }626-ide: failed opcode was: 0xec627:eth0: no IPv6 routers present628:xenbr0: port 1(peth0) entering disabled state629:xenbr0: port 1(peth0) entering forwarding state