XMLBEANS的使用总结
这几天正好研究schema文件生成javabean,再通过javabean生成、修改和删除XML,特此记录:
该文章转自:http://xiejiangbo.iteye.com/blog/582581
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一、关于XML解析
XML在Java应用程序里变得越来越重要, 广泛应用于数据存储和交换. 比如我们常见的配置文件,都是以XML方式存储的. XML还应用于Java Message Service和Web Services等技术作为数据交换.因此,正确读写XML文档是XML应用的基础.
Java提供了SAX和DOM两种方式用于解析XML,但即便如此,要读写一个稍微复杂的XML,也不是一件容易的事.
二、XMLBean简介
Hibernate已经成为目前流行的面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具.在Hibernate等对象/关系数据库映射工具出现之前,对数据库的操作是通过JDBC来实现的,对数据库的任何操作,开发人员都要自己写SQL语句来实现. 对象/关系数据库映射工具出现后,对数据库的操作转成对JavaBean的操作,极大方便了数据库开发. 所以如果有一个类似的工具能够实现将对XML的读写转成对JavaBean的操作,将会简化XML的读写,即使对XML不熟悉的开发人员也能方便地读写XML. 这个工具就是XMLBean.
三、准备XMLBean和XML文档
XMLBean是Apache的一个开源项目,可以从http://www.apache.org 下载,最新的版本是2.0. 解压后目录如下:
xmlbean2.0.0???
+---bin???
+---docs???
+---lib??
+---samples???
+---schemas
bin 目录里是一些命令,我们就是使用这些命令来生成xmlbean
为了演示一个例子,准备一个XML文档(customers.xml),
在本文的例子里,我们将对这个文档进行读写操作. 文档源码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Customers>
??? <customer>
??????? <id>1</id>
??????? <gender>female</gender>
??????? <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
??????? <lastname>Lim</lastname>
??????? <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
??????? <address>
??????????? <primaryAddress>
??????????????? <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
??????????? </primaryAddress>
??????????? <billingAddress>
??????????????? <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
??????????????? <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
??????????? </billingAddress>
??????? </address>
??? </customer>
??? <customer>
??????? <id>2</id>
??????? <gender>male</gender>
??????? <firstname>David</firstname>
??????? <lastname>Bill</lastname>
??????? <phoneNumber>808182</phoneNumber>
??????? <address>
??????????? <primaryAddress>
??????????????? <postalCode>319087</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
??????????? </primaryAddress>
??????????? <billingAddress>
??????????????? <receiver>Mr William</receiver>
??????????????? <postalCode>672993</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>1033 WS St.</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>Tima Road</addressLine2>
??????????? </billingAddress>
??????? </address>
??? </customer>
</Customers>
这是一个客户的数据模型,每个客户都有客户编号(ID),姓名,性别(gender),电话号码(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有两个: 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)和帐单地址(BillingAddress),每个地址有邮编,地址1,和地址2组成.其中帐单地址还有收件人(receiver).
四、XMLBean使用步骤
和其他面向Java环境的对象/关系数据库映射工具的使用步骤一样,在正式使用XMLBean前,我们要作两个准备.
1. 生成XML Schema文件
什么是XML Schema文件?
??? 正常情况下,每个XML文件都有一个Schema文件,XML Schema文件是一个XML的约束文件,它定义了XML文件的结构和元素.以及对元素和结构的约束. 通俗地讲,如果说XML文件是数据库里的记录,那么Schema就是表结构定义.
为什么需要这个文件?
?? XMLBean需要通过这个文件知道一个XML文件的结构以及约束,比如数据类型等. 利用这个Schema文件,XMLBean将会产生一系列相关的Java Classes来实现对XML的操作. 而作为开发人员,则是利用XMLBean产生的Java Classes来完成对XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.
?? 怎样产生这个Schema文件呢?
??? 如果对于熟悉XML的开发人员,可以自己来写这个Schema文件,对于不熟悉XML的开发人员,可以通过一些工具来完成.比较有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通过XML文件来生成Schema文件. 加入我们已经生成这个Schema文件(customer.xsd):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema " elementFormDefault="qualified">
??
??? <xs:element name="Customers">
??????? <xs:complexType>
??????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????????? <xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" name="customer"
??????????????????? type="customerType" />
??????????? </xs:sequence>
??????? </xs:complexType>
??? </xs:element>
??? <xs:complexType name="customerType">
??????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element name="id" type="xs:int" />
??????????? <xs:element name="gender" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="phoneNumber" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="address" type="addressType" />
??????? </xs:sequence>
??? </xs:complexType>
??? <xs:complexType name="addressType">
??????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element name="primaryAddress" type="primaryAddressType" />
??????????? <xs:element name="billingAddress" type="billingAddressType" />
??????? </xs:sequence>
??? </xs:complexType>
??? <xs:complexType name="primaryAddressType">
??????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string" />
??????? </xs:sequence>
??? </xs:complexType>
??? <xs:complexType name="billingAddressType">
??????? <xs:sequence>
??????????? <xs:element name="receiver" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="postalCode" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="addressLine1" type="xs:string" />
??????????? <xs:element name="addressLine2" type="xs:string" />
??????? </xs:sequence>
??? </xs:complexType>
</xs:schema>
??? 2. 利用scomp来生成Java Classes
scomp是XMLBean提供的一个编译工具,它在bin的目录下. 通过这个工具,我们可以将以上的Schema文件生成Java Classes.scomp的语法如下:-
scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*
主要参数说明:
-src [dir] -- 生成的Java Classes存放目录
-srconly -- 不编译Java Classes,不产生Jar文件
-out [jarFileName] -- 生成的Jar文件,缺省是xmltypes.jar
-compiler -- Java编译器的路径,即Javac的位置
schemaFile.xsd -- XML Schema文件位置
??? config.xsdconfig -- xsdconfig文件的位置, 这个文件主要用来制定生成的Java Class的一些文件名规则和Package的名称,在本文,package是sample.xmlbean
准备一个配置文件(文件名customer.xsdconfig),它的内容如下:
<xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config ">
<xb:namespace>
??? <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
</xb:namespace>
</xb:config>
???
在本文,我是这样运行的:
????? scomp -src src -out customerXmlBean.jar customer.xsd??? -compiler "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin\javac" customer.xsdconfig
这个命令行的意思是告诉scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,放在build目录下,同时生成源代码放在build\src下, Schema文件是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文件是customer.xsdconfig.其实, 生成的Java源代码没有多大作用,我们要的是jar文件.我们先看一下src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.
CustomersDocument.java -- 整个XML文档的Java Class映射
CustomerType.java -- 节点sustomer的映射
AddressType.java -- 节点address的映射
BillingAddressType.java -- 节点billingAddress的映射
PrimaryAddressType.java -- 节点primaryAddress的映射
??? 好了,到此我们所有的准备工作已经完成了. 下面就开始进入重点:利用刚才生成的jar文件读写XML.
???
五、利用XMLBean读XML文件
新建一个Java Project,将XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文件和刚才我们生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入到Project的ClassPath.
新建一个Java Class: CustomerXMLBean. 源码如下:
??? package com.sample.reader;
???
import java.io.File;
import sample.xmlbean.*;
import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
public class CustomerXMLBean {
??? private String filename = null;
??? public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
??????? super();
??????? this.filename = filename;
??? }
??? public void customerReader() {
??????? try {
??????????? File xmlFile = new File(filename);
??????????? CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
??????????? CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
??????????? for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
??????????????? CustomerType customer = customers[i];
??????????????? println("Customer#" + i);
??????????????? println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
??????????????? println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
??????????????? println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
??????????????? println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
??????????????? println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
??????????????? // Primary address
??????????????? PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress()
??????????????????????? .getPrimaryAddress();
??????????????? println("PrimaryAddress:");
??????????????? println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
??????????????? println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
??????????????? println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
??????????????? // Billing address
??????????????? BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress()
??????????????????????? .getBillingAddress();
??????????????? println("BillingAddress:");
??????????????? println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
??????????????? println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
??????????????? println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
??????????????? println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
??????????? }
??????? } catch (Exception ex) {
??????????? ex.printStackTrace();
??????? }
??? }
??? private void println(String str) {
??????? System.out.println(str);
??? }
??? public static void main(String[] args) {
??????? String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
??????? CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
??????? customerXMLBean.customerReader();
??? }
}
运行它,参看输出结果:
Customer#0
Customer ID:1
First name:Jessica
Last name:Lim
Gender:female
PhoneNumber:1234567
PrimaryAddress:
PostalCode:350106
AddressLine1:#25-1
AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
BillingAddress:
Receiver:Ms Danielle
PostalCode:350107
AddressLine1:#167
AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY
Customer#1
Customer ID:2
First name:David
Last name:Bill
Gender:male
PhoneNumber:808182
PrimaryAddress:
PostalCode:319087
AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
AddressLine2:Tima Road
BillingAddress:
Receiver:Mr William
PostalCode:672993
AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
AddressLine2:Tima Road
怎么样,是不是很轻松? XMLBean的威力.
六、利用XMLBean写XML文件
利用XMLBean创建一个XML文档也是一件轻而易举的事.我们再增加一个Method,
请看一下的Java Class:
?? public void createCustomer() {
??????? try { // Create Document
??????????? CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
??????????? // Add new customer
??????????? CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
??????????? // set customer info
??????????? customer.setId(3);
??????????? customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
??????????? customer.setLastname("Lim");
??????????? customer.setGender("female");
??????????? customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
??????????? // Add new address
??????????? AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
??????????? // Add new PrimaryAddress
??????????? PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
??????????? primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
??????????? primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
??????????? primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");
??????????? // Add new BillingAddress
??????????? BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
??????????? billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
??????????? billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
??????????? billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
??????????? billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");
??????????? File xmlFile = new File(filename);
??????????? doc.save(xmlFile);
??????? } catch (Exception ex) {
??????????? ex.printStackTrace();
??????? }
??? }
修改main method.
?? public static void main(String[] args) {
??????? String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
??????? CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
??????? customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
??? }
运行,打开customers_new.xml:
?? <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Customers>
??? <customer>
??????? <id>3</id>
??????? <gender>female</gender>
??????? <firstname>Jessica</firstname>
??????? <lastname>Lim</lastname>
??????? <phoneNumber>1234567</phoneNumber>
??????? <address>
??????????? <primaryAddress>
??????????????? <postalCode>350106</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>#25-1</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME</addressLine2>
??????????? </primaryAddress>
??????????? <billingAddress>
??????????????? <receiver>Ms Danielle</receiver>
??????????????? <postalCode>350107</postalCode>
??????????????? <addressLine1>#167</addressLine1>
??????????????? <addressLine2>NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY</addressLine2>
??????????? </billingAddress>
??????? </address>
??? </customer>
</Customers>
七、利用XMLBean修改XML文件
我们再增加一个Method:
????? public void updateCustomer(int id, String lastname) {
??????? try {
??????????? File xmlFile = new File(filename);
??????????? CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
??????????? CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
??????????? for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
??????????????? CustomerType customer = customers[i];
??????????????? if (customer.getId() == id) {
??????????????????? customer.setLastname(lastname);
??????????????????? break;
??????????????? }
??????????? }
??????????? doc.save(xmlFile);
??????? } catch (Exception ex) {
??????????? ex.printStackTrace();
??????? }
??? }
main method:
??? public static void main(String[] args) {
????? String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
????? CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new?? CustomerXMLBean(filename);
????? customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
?? }
运行之后,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的lastname已经改为last.
八、利用XMLBean删除一个customer
再增加一个Method:
??? public void deleteCustomer(int id) {???? try {????? File xmlFile = new File(filename);???? CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);??? CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
?? for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {??????? CustomerType customer = customers[i];??????? if(customer.getId()==id){??????????????????????? customer.setNil() ;??????????????????????? break;?????????????? }?? }?? doc.save(xmlFile);?? } catch (Exception ex) {??????? ex.printStackTrace();??????? }?? }
main method:
??? public static void main(String[] args) {??? String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";??????????????????????? CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);??????????????????????? customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);??? }
运行,我们将会看到客户编号为3的客户的资料已经被删除.
九、*.xsdconfig 更多用法
这里只是简单介绍一个用法,其他用法,可以参考 xmlbeans 目录里 Sample/xsdconfig 目录里的例子。
在应用中,我们可能会解析许多种xml文件,但是我们的系统中又不想引入太多额外的jar文件,因此,一个xml文件生成一个jar文件就显得不好了,好的方式是所有的xml class 都放到一个jar里,并且组织在各自的包里。
针对这种需求,我们来做一个例子:
首先写 .xsd 文件.如果不熟悉,xsd 文件建议使用工具生成(比如xmlspy),当然前提得了解一下xsd的基本知识。比如说下面的 xsd 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!--W3C Schema 由 XMLSpy v2006 U 创建 (http://www.altova.com )-->
<xs:schema
??? xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema "
??? xmlns:ct="http://xxx "
??? targetNamespace="http://xxx "
??? elementFormDefault="qualified">
??? <xs:element name="TestTable">
??????? <xs:complexType>
??????????? <xs:sequence>
??????????????? <xs:element ref="ct:packagename"/>
??????????????? <xs:element ref="ct:voname"/>
??????????????? <xs:element ref="ct:tablename"/>
??????????????? <xs:element ref="ct:db" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
??????????? </xs:sequence>
??????? </xs:complexType>
??? </xs:element>
??? <xs:element name="db">
??????? <xs:complexType>
??????????? <xs:attribute name="column" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
??????????? <xs:attribute name="jdbcType" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
??????????? <xs:attribute name="primary" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
??????? </xs:complexType>
??? </xs:element>
??? <xs:element name="packagename" type="xs:string"/>
??? <xs:element name="tablename" type="xs:string"/>
??? <xs:element name="voname" type="xs:string"/>
</xs:schema>???
??? xmlns:ct="http://xxx "
??? targetNamespace="http://xxx "??? 这个是我们给这个 xsd 文件起的命名空间的名字。
??????? 注意这个(红色部分):<xs:element ref="ct:packagename"/>??? 如果你定义了命名空间,那么如果要使用 ref ,就必须加上命名空间的名字,否则使用scomp的??? 命令的时候,会提示找不到 element.
下面我们修改一下 xsdconfig 文件
<xb:config xmlns:xb="http://xml.apache.org/xmlbeans/2004/02/xbean/config "
??? xmlns:ct="http://xxx " xmlns:test2="http://test2 ">
<xb:namespace uri="http://xxx ">
??? <xb:package>sample.testxmlbean</xb:package>
</xb:namespace>
???
??? <xb:namespace uri="http://test2 ">
??? <xb:package>sample.xmlbean</xb:package>
</xb:namespace>
???
</xb:config>???
???
??? 为了??? 举例子说明在 xsdconfig 文件里可以使用很多个命名空间,这里加了其他一个命名空间作为例子,也就是蓝色字部分。通过这样修改 xsdconfig 文件,我们就可以为不同的xsd文件,生成不同的包的结构。
??? 一个 uri 也可以包含很多个命名空间,比如:
??? <xb:namespace uri="http://xxx http://yyy http://zzz ">
使用 scomp 命令scomp src build/src out build/test.jar test.xsd test2.xsd test.xsdconfigscomp 命令可以加很多个 xsd 文件作为参数。
?
10、查询XML
除了本文在以上讲述的,利用XMLBean能轻轻松松完成XML的读写操作外,结合XPath和XQuery ,
XMLBean还能完成象SQL查询数据库一样方便地查询XML数据. 关于XML查询以及如何创建XML数据库, 我将在另一篇文章里讨论.
十1、结束语
XMLBean能帮助我们轻易读写XML,这将有助于我们降低XML的学习和使用,有了这个基础,开发人员将为学习更多地XML相关技术和Web Services,JMS等其他J2EE技术打下良好地基础.
十2、下载资源
XmlSpy : http://cc163.driversky.com/down/AltovaXMLSpy2006.rar
XmlBeans: http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/apache/xmlbeans/
????????? http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/apache/xmlbeans/xmlbeans-current.zip