webservice之WSDL文件详解
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?WSDL: ?Web Services Description Language ?网页服务描述语言
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详解WSDL文档元素：
文件是以XML格式定义的，内容分成了5大元素：
1、<types>：webservice使用的数据类型，它是独立以机器和语言的类型定义，这些数据类型被<message>标签所使用。
2、<message>：webservice使用的消息，它定义了webservice函数的参数。在webservice中输入参数和输出参数需要分开定义，使用不同的message标签体。message定义的输入输出参数，被<portType>标签使用。
3、<portType>：webservice执行操作。该标签引用<message>标签定义的函数来描述函数的签名(操作名、输入参数、输出参数)
4、<binding>：webservice通信协议。在portType中定义的每一项操作，都在此绑定中实现。
5、<service>：该标签定义每一绑定的端口地址。
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WSDL文档可以分为两部分。顶部分由抽象定义组成，而底部分则由具体描述组成。抽象部分以独立于平台和语言的方式定义SOAP消息，它们并不包含任何随机器或语言而变的元素。这就定义了一系列服务，截然不同的应用都可以实现。具体部分，如数据的序列化则归入底部分，因为它包含具体的定义。在上述的文档元素中，<types>、<message>、<portType>属于抽象定义层，<binding>、<service>属于具体定义层。所有的抽象可以是单独存在于别的文件中，也可以从主文档中导入。
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WSDL文档一个实例：
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"xmlns:ns1="http://org.apache.axis2/xsd" xmlns:ns="http://servicelifecycle.sample"xmlns:wsaw="http://www.w3.org/2006/05/addressing/wsdl" xmlns:http="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/"xmlns:ax21="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"xmlns:mime="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"xmlns:soap12="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap12/" targetNamespace="http://servicelifecycle.sample"><wsdl:documentation>Library</wsdl:documentation><wsdl:types><xs:schema xmlns:ax22="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd"attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified"targetNamespace="http://servicelifecycle.sample"><xs:import namespace="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd" /><xs:element name="returnBook"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="isbn" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:complexType name="Exception"><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="Exception" nillable="true"type="xs:anyType" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType><xs:element name="register"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="userName" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="passWord" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="registerResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" type="xs:boolean" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="login"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="userName" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="passWord" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="loginResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" type="xs:boolean" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="listLendBookResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0" name="return"nillable="true" type="ax22:Book" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="listAvailableBookResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0" name="return"nillable="true" type="ax22:Book" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="listAllBookResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="0" name="return"nillable="true" type="ax22:Book" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="lendBook"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="isbn" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="userName" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="lendBookResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" nillable="true"type="ax22:Book" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element></xs:schema><xs:schema attributeFormDefault="qualified"elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd"><xs:complexType name="Book"><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="author" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="isbn" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="title" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:schema></wsdl:types><wsdl:message name="loginRequest"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:login" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="loginResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:loginResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="lendBookRequest"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:lendBook" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="lendBookResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:lendBookResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="listAllBookRequest" /><wsdl:message name="listAllBookResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:listAllBookResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="listLendBookRequest" /><wsdl:message name="listLendBookResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:listLendBookResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="returnBookRequest"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:returnBook" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="registerRequest"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:register" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="registerResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:registerResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:message name="listAvailableBookRequest" /><wsdl:message name="listAvailableBookResponse"><wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:listAvailableBookResponse" /></wsdl:message><wsdl:portType name="LibraryPortType"><wsdl:operation name="login"><wsdl:input message="ns:loginRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:login" /><wsdl:output message="ns:loginResponse" wsaw:Action="urn:loginResponse" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="lendBook"><wsdl:input message="ns:lendBookRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:lendBook" /><wsdl:output message="ns:lendBookResponse" wsaw:Action="urn:lendBookResponse" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAllBook"><wsdl:input message="ns:listAllBookRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:listAllBook" /><wsdl:output message="ns:listAllBookResponse"wsaw:Action="urn:listAllBookResponse" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listLendBook"><wsdl:input message="ns:listLendBookRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:listLendBook" /><wsdl:output message="ns:listLendBookResponse"wsaw:Action="urn:listLendBookResponse" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="returnBook"><wsdl:input message="ns:returnBookRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:returnBook" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="register"><wsdl:input message="ns:registerRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:register" /><wsdl:output message="ns:registerResponse" wsaw:Action="urn:registerResponse" /></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAvailableBook"><wsdl:input message="ns:listAvailableBookRequest"wsaw:Action="urn:listAvailableBook" /><wsdl:output message="ns:listAvailableBookResponse"wsaw:Action="urn:listAvailableBookResponse" /></wsdl:operation></wsdl:portType><wsdl:binding name="LibrarySoap11Binding" type="ns:LibraryPortType"><soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"style="document" /><wsdl:operation name="login"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:login" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="lendBook"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:lendBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="register"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:register" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAllBook"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:listAllBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="returnBook"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:returnBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listLendBook"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:listLendBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAvailableBook"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:listAvailableBook"style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation></wsdl:binding><wsdl:binding name="LibrarySoap12Binding" type="ns:LibraryPortType"><soap12:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"style="document" /><wsdl:operation name="login"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:login" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="lendBook"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:lendBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="register"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:register" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAllBook"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:listAllBook"style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="returnBook"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:returnBook" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listLendBook"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:listLendBook"style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAvailableBook"><soap12:operation soapAction="urn:listAvailableBook"style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap12:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation></wsdl:binding><wsdl:binding name="LibraryHttpBinding" type="ns:LibraryPortType"><http:binding verb="POST" /><wsdl:operation name="login"><http:operation location="Library/login" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="login" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="login" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="lendBook"><http:operation location="Library/lendBook" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="lendBook" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="lendBook" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="register"><http:operation location="Library/register" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="register" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="register" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAllBook"><http:operation location="Library/listAllBook" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listAllBook" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listAllBook" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="returnBook"><http:operation location="Library/returnBook" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="returnBook" /></wsdl:input></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listLendBook"><http:operation location="Library/listLendBook" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listLendBook" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listLendBook" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation><wsdl:operation name="listAvailableBook"><http:operation location="Library/listAvailableBook" /><wsdl:input><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listAvailableBook" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><mime:content type="text/xml" part="listAvailableBook" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation></wsdl:binding><wsdl:service name="Library"><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpSoap11Endpoint" binding="ns:LibrarySoap11Binding"><soap:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpSoap11Endpoint/" /></wsdl:port><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpSoap12Endpoint" binding="ns:LibrarySoap12Binding"><soap12:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpSoap12Endpoint/" /></wsdl:port><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpEndpoint" binding="ns:LibraryHttpBinding"><http:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpEndpoint/" /></wsdl:port></wsdl:service></wsdl:definitions>
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理解这个WSDL文件结构可能要根据写的webservice程序结构来理解:
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下面标红的地方都是元素之间引用的关系。
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1.WSDL文档的根元素：
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<wsdl:definitions xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:ns1="http://org.apache.axis2/xsd"
xmlns:ns="http://servicelifecycle.sample"
xmlns:wsaw="http://www.w3.org/2006/05/addressing/wsdl"
xmlns:http="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/"
xmlns:ax21="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:mime="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/"
xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
xmlns:soap12="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap12/"
targetNamespace="http://servicelifecycle.sample">
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＜definitions＞定义了文档中用到的各个xml元素的namespace缩写，也界定了本文档自己的 targetNamespace="http://servicelifecycle.sample"，这意味着其它的XML要引用当前XML中的元素时，要声明这个namespace。注意xmlns:ns="http://www.jsoso.com/wstest"这个声明，它标示了使用ns这个前缀指向自身的命名空间。
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2.WSDL文档数据类型定义元素：<types>：
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<wsdl:types>
<xs:schema xmlns:ax22="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd"
attributeFormDefault="qualified" elementFormDefault="qualified"
targetNamespace="http://servicelifecycle.sample">
<xs:import namespace="http://bean.servicelifecycle.sample/xsd" />
<xs:element name="returnBook">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element minOccurs="0" name="isbn" nillable="true"
type="xs:string" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:element name="login"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="userName" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="passWord" nillable="true"type="xs:string" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element><xs:element name="loginResponse"><xs:complexType><xs:sequence><xs:element minOccurs="0" name="return" type="xs:boolean" /></xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element>
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这里定义webservice的一个元素名称returnBook，就是service的一个函数名称(见图)，定义了混合类型数据类型，类型是string类型，名称叫isbn
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3.WSDL文档消息体定义元素：< message >：
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<wsdl:message name="loginRequest">
<wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:login" />
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="loginResponse">
<wsdl:part name="parameters" element="ns:loginResponse" />
</wsdl:message>
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这里定义定义了消息请求，这里定义使用的消息是loginRequest和loginResponse，它分别引用了types中的login和loginResponse元素。在types中的login和loginResponse元素定义好了参数类型。有没有Response消息，主要是看你的函数是否有返回值，如果是void，想returnBook这函数就没有returnBookResponse。
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4.WSDL文档操作定义元素：< portType >：
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<wsdl:portType name="LibraryPortType">
<wsdl:operation name="login">
<wsdl:input message="ns:loginRequest" wsaw:Action="urn:login" />
<wsdl:output message="ns:loginResponse" wsaw:Action="urn:loginResponse" />
</wsdl:operation>
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定义了操作名称login，输入使用的消息是loginRequest，Action是urn:login,输出ns:loginResponse，Action是：urn:loginResponse
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5、WSDL文档操作绑定协议<binding>:
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<wsdl:binding name="LibrarySoap11Binding" type="ns:LibraryPortType"><soap:binding transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"style="document" /><wsdl:operation name="login"><soap:operation soapAction="urn:login" style="document" /><wsdl:input><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:input><wsdl:output><soap:body use="literal" /></wsdl:output></wsdl:operation>
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首先<binding>标签使用<soap:binding>的transport和style属性定义了Web Service的通讯协议HTTP和SOAP的请求风格RPC。其次<operation>子标签将portType中定义的 operation同SOAP的请求绑定，定义了操作名称soapAction，输出输入参数和异常的编码方式及命名空间。?
如果客户端要调用这方法就要声明是这soapAction名称urn:login。
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6、WSDL文档绑定服务端口地址<service>:
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<wsdl:service name="Library"><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpSoap11Endpoint" binding="ns:LibrarySoap11Binding"><soap:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpSoap11Endpoint/" /></wsdl:port><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpSoap12Endpoint" binding="ns:LibrarySoap12Binding"><soap12:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpSoap12Endpoint/" /></wsdl:port><wsdl:port name="LibraryHttpEndpoint" binding="ns:LibraryHttpBinding"><http:addresslocation="http://localhost:8088/axis2/services/Library.LibraryHttpEndpoint/" /></wsdl:port></wsdl:service>
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这里描述webservice的服务名称是Library，service是一套＜port＞元素。在一一对应形式下，每个＜port＞元素都和一个location关联。如果同一个＜binding＞有多个＜port＞元素与之关联，可以使用额外的URL地址作为替换。?
一个WSDL文档中可以有多个＜service＞元素，而且多个＜service＞元素十分有用，其中之一就是可以根据目标URL来组织端口。在一个 WSDL文档中，＜service＞的name属性用来区分不同的service。在同一个service中，不同端口，使用端口的"name"属性区分。?
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