Java程序与RSR232串口通讯小练手
一直以来都是在学习J2EE方面的应用系统开发,从未想过用JAVA来编写硬件交互程序,不过自己就是喜欢尝试一些未曾接触的新东西。在网上搜索了些资源,了解到JAVA写串口通讯的还是蛮多的,那么便着手准备开发调试环境。软件程序开发环境搭建不成问题,可这硬件环境就有点犯难啦。更何况自己用的是笔记本哪来的串口呀,再说要是真拿这串口硬件来自己也不会弄,随即想到了虚拟机,觉得这东西应该也有虚拟的吧,果真跟自己的猜测一样还真有这东西,顺便也下载了个串口小助手做为调试之用。下面就先看看软件环境的搭建:
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1.下载comm.jar、win32com.dll和javax.comm.properties。 (附件提供下载)
介绍:comm.jar提供了通讯用的java API,win32com.dll提供了供comm.jar调用的本地驱动接口,javax.comm.properties是这个驱动的类配置文件
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2.拷贝javacomm.jar到X:\jre\lib\ext目录下面;
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3.拷贝javax.comm.properties到X:\jre\lib目录下面;
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4.拷贝win32com.dll到X:\jre\bin目录下面;
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5.更新下IDE里面的JDK环境,如下图:
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接着是硬件虚拟环境安装虚拟串口,这里我用的是VSPD6.0(附件提供下载),安装好后启动VSPD添加我们所需要的端口,注意这里是按组的方式添加的,例如COM1和COM2是一组同时添加,以此类推。如下图所示:
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所有环境都准备好后,先来简单认识下comm.jar的内容。单从comm API的javadoc来看,SUM提供给我们的只有区区以下13个类或接口,具体如下:javax.comm.CommDriverjavax.comm.CommPort javax.comm.ParallelPort javax.comm.SerialPort javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier javax.comm.CommPortOwnershipListener javax.comm.ParallelPortEvent javax.comm.SerialPortEvent javax.comm.ParallelPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener) javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener) javax.comm.NoSuchPortException javax.comm.PortInUseException javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException这些类和接口命名一看便知其意,就不做一一介绍啦,可以到官网或网上找到更详细的信息。下面先测试下所搭建的环境是否可用,主要代码如下:
Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();CommPortIdentifier portId;while (en.hasMoreElements()) {portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();// 如果端口类型是串口,则打印出其端口信息if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {System.out.println(portId.getName());}}?运行代码后,控制台有输出正确的端口(如下图),说明所有环境正常可进行下步工作,否则请检查。
?最后要解决的就是与串口数据交互的问题。在这个问题上,最主要的难点就是数据读取,因为我们不知道端口什么时候会有数据到来,也不知数据长度如何。通常,串口通信应用程序有两种模式,一种是实现SerialPortEventListener接口,监听各种串口事件并作相应处理;另一种就是建立一个独立的接收线程专门负责数据的接收。参考众多老前辈的代码后,下面就采用第一种方式写了个简单的助手程序,具体的实现请看详细代码,如下:
package com.elkan1788.view;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Button;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Font;import java.awt.GridLayout;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.TextArea;import java.awt.TextField;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Enumeration;import java.util.List;import java.util.TooManyListenersException;import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier;import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException;import javax.comm.PortInUseException;import javax.comm.SerialPort;import javax.comm.SerialPortEvent;import javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener;import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import javax.swing.JComboBox;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.SwingConstants;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;public class JavaRs232 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, SerialPortEventListener {/** * JDK Serial Version UID */private static final long serialVersionUID = -7270865686330790103L;protected int WIN_WIDTH = 380;protected int WIN_HEIGHT = 300;private JComboBox<?> portCombox, rateCombox, dataCombox, stopCombox, parityCombox; private Button openPortBtn, closePortBtn, sendMsgBtn;private TextField sendTf;private TextArea readTa;private JLabel statusLb;private String portname, rate, data, stop, parity;protected CommPortIdentifier portId;protected Enumeration<?> ports;protected List<String> portList;protected SerialPort serialPort;protected OutputStream outputStream = null; protected InputStream inputStream = null; protected String mesg; protected int sendCount, reciveCount; /** * 默认构造函数 */public JavaRs232() {super("Java RS-232串口通信测试程序 凡梦星尘");setSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT);setLocationRelativeTo(null);Image icon = null;try {icon = ImageIO.read(JavaRs232.class.getResourceAsStream("/res/rs232.png"));} catch (IOException e) {showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());}setIconImage(icon);setResizable(false);scanPorts();initComponents();setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setVisible(true);}/** * 初始化各UI组件 * @since 2012-3-22 下午11:56:39 */public void initComponents() {// 共用常量Font lbFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 14);// 创建左边面板JPanel northPane = new JPanel();northPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1));// 设置左边面板各组件JPanel leftPane = new JPanel();leftPane.setOpaque(false);leftPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));JLabel portnameLb = new JLabel("串口号:");portnameLb.setFont(lbFont);portnameLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);portCombox = new JComboBox<String>((String [])portList.toArray(new String[0]));portCombox.addActionListener(this);JLabel databitsLb = new JLabel("数据位:");databitsLb.setFont(lbFont);databitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);dataCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{5, 6, 7, 8});dataCombox.setSelectedIndex(3);dataCombox.addActionListener(this);JLabel parityLb = new JLabel("校验位:");parityLb.setFont(lbFont);parityLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);parityCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"NONE","ODD","EVEN","MARK","SPACE"});parityCombox.addActionListener(this);// 添加组件至面板leftPane.add(portnameLb);leftPane.add(portCombox);leftPane.add(databitsLb);leftPane.add(dataCombox);leftPane.add(parityLb);leftPane.add(parityCombox);//创建右边面板JPanel rightPane = new JPanel();rightPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));// 设置右边面板各组件JLabel baudrateLb = new JLabel("波特率:");baudrateLb.setFont(lbFont);baudrateLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);rateCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400,56000});rateCombox.setSelectedIndex(2);rateCombox.addActionListener(this);JLabel stopbitsLb = new JLabel("停止位:");stopbitsLb.setFont(lbFont);stopbitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);stopCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"1","2","1.5"});stopCombox.addActionListener(this);openPortBtn = new Button("打开端口");openPortBtn.addActionListener(this);closePortBtn = new Button("关闭端口");closePortBtn.addActionListener(this);// 添加组件至面板rightPane.add(baudrateLb);rightPane.add(rateCombox);rightPane.add(stopbitsLb);rightPane.add(stopCombox);rightPane.add(openPortBtn);rightPane.add(closePortBtn);// 将左右面板组合添加到北边的面板northPane.add(leftPane);northPane.add(rightPane);// 创建中间面板JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();// 设置中间面板各组件sendTf = new TextField(42);readTa = new TextArea(8,50);readTa.setEditable(false);readTa.setBackground(new Color(225,242,250));centerPane.add(sendTf);sendMsgBtn = new Button(" 发送 ");sendMsgBtn.addActionListener(this);// 添加组件至面板centerPane.add(sendTf);centerPane.add(sendMsgBtn);centerPane.add(readTa);// 设置南边组件statusLb = new JLabel();statusLb.setText(initStatus());statusLb.setOpaque(true);// 获取主窗体的容器,并将以上三面板以北、中、南的布局整合JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)getContentPane();contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));contentPane.setOpaque(false);contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);contentPane.add(statusLb, BorderLayout.SOUTH);}/** * 初始化状态标签显示文本 * @return String * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:01:53 */public String initStatus() {portname = portCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();rate = rateCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();data = dataCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();stop = stopCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();parity = parityCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("当前串口号:");str.append(portname).append(" 波特率:");str.append(rate).append(" 数据位:");str.append(data).append(" 停止位:");str.append(stop).append(" 校验位:");str.append(parity);return str.toString();}/** * 扫描本机的所有COM端口 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:02:42 */public void scanPorts() {portList = new ArrayList<String>();Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();CommPortIdentifier portId;while(en.hasMoreElements()){portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();if(portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL){String name = portId.getName();if(!portList.contains(name)) {portList.add(name);}}}if(null == portList || portList.isEmpty()) {showErrMesgbox("未找到可用的串行端口号,程序无法启动!");System.exit(0);}}/** * 打开串行端口 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:03:07 */public void openSerialPort() { // 获取要打开的端口try {portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portname);} catch (NoSuchPortException e) {showErrMesgbox("抱歉,没有找到"+portname+"串行端口号!");setComponentsEnabled(true);return ;}// 打开端口try {serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("JavaRs232", 2000);statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经打开!");} catch (PortInUseException e) {showErrMesgbox(portname+"端口已被占用,请检查!");setComponentsEnabled(true);return ;}// 设置端口参数try {int rate = Integer.parseInt(this.rate);int data = Integer.parseInt(this.data);int stop = stopCombox.getSelectedIndex()+1;int parity = parityCombox.getSelectedIndex();serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate,data,stop,parity);} catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());}// 打开端口的IO流管道 try { outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream(); inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream(); } catch (IOException e) {showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());} // 给端口添加监听器try { serialPort.addEventListener(this); } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());} serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true); } /** * 给串行端口发送数据 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:00 */public void sendDataToSeriaPort() { try { sendCount++;outputStream.write(mesg.getBytes()); outputStream.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());} statusLb.setText(" 发送: "+sendCount+" 接收: "+reciveCount);} /** * 关闭串行端口 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:28 */public void closeSerialPort() { try { if(outputStream != null)outputStream.close();if(serialPort != null)serialPort.close(); serialPort = null;statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经关闭!");sendCount = 0;reciveCount = 0;sendTf.setText("");readTa.setText("");} catch (Exception e) { showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());} } /** * 显示错误或警告信息 * @param msg 信息 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:47 */public void showErrMesgbox(String msg) {JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);}/** * 各组件行为事件监听 */public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {if(e.getSource() == portCombox|| e.getSource() == rateCombox|| e.getSource() == dataCombox|| e.getSource() == stopCombox|| e.getSource() == parityCombox){statusLb.setText(initStatus());}if(e.getSource() == openPortBtn){setComponentsEnabled(false);openSerialPort();}if(e.getSource() == closePortBtn){if(serialPort != null){closeSerialPort();}setComponentsEnabled(true);}if(e.getSource() == sendMsgBtn){if(serialPort == null){showErrMesgbox("请先打开串行端口!");return ;}mesg = sendTf.getText();if(null == mesg || mesg.isEmpty()){showErrMesgbox("请输入你要发送的内容!");return ;}sendDataToSeriaPort();}}/** * 端口事件监听 */public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {switch (event.getEventType()) {case SerialPortEvent.BI:case SerialPortEvent.OE:case SerialPortEvent.FE:case SerialPortEvent.PE:case SerialPortEvent.CD:case SerialPortEvent.CTS:case SerialPortEvent.DSR:case SerialPortEvent.RI:case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:break;case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:byte[] readBuffer = new byte[50];try {while (inputStream.available() > 0) {inputStream.read(readBuffer);}StringBuilder receivedMsg = new StringBuilder("/-- ");receivedMsg.append(new String(readBuffer).trim()).append(" --/\n");readTa.append(receivedMsg.toString());reciveCount++;statusLb.setText(" 发送: "+sendCount+" 接收: "+reciveCount);} catch (IOException e) {showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());}}}/** * 设置各组件的开关状态 * @param enabled 状态 * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:24 */public void setComponentsEnabled(boolean enabled) {openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);portCombox.setEnabled(enabled);rateCombox.setEnabled(enabled);dataCombox.setEnabled(enabled);stopCombox.setEnabled(enabled);parityCombox.setEnabled(enabled);}/** * 运行主函数 * @param args * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:45 */public static void main(String[] args) {new JavaRs232();}}?代码编写完成,按下F11键进入调试状态,一切运行正常良好,请看图:1.启动界面
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2.端口检测
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3. 通讯测试
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最后再抽空来美化程序下,效果更漂亮,谁还会说JAVA程序的界面丑陋呢,呵呵...

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?第一次发文虽没有什么技术含量但也实属不易哪,欢迎大家拍砖,嘻嘻....
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2 楼 t129zhangq 2012-03-26 顶一个》。。。