tlslite readme摘要
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python之TLS使用
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版本
tlslite version 0.3.8
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下载
http://trevp.net/tlslite/
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安装
sudo python setup.py install
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测试安装
cd test
tls.py servertest localhost:4443 .
tls.py clienttest localhost:4443 .
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ubuntu/python2.7:
/usr/local/bin/tls.py
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/tlslite/TLSConnection.py
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命令行
'tlsdb.py' 管理共享钥和验证用户-共享钥，SRP密码数据库
'tls.py' 测试其他TLS实现
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运行SRP server:
?tlsdb.py createsrp verifierDB
?tlsdb.py add verifierDB alice abra123cadabra 1024
?tlsdb.py add verifierDB bob swordfish 2048
?sudo tls.py serversrp localhost:443 verifierDB
连接server:
?tls.py clientsrp localhost:443 alice abra123cadabra
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基本使用步骤
Step 1 - 创建socket
记得设置超时处理
?from socket import *
?sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
?sock.connect( ("www.amazon.com", 443) )
?sock.settimeout(10) ?#Only on python 2.3 or greater
Step 2 - 创建TLS连接
?from tlslite.api import *
?connection = TLSConnection(sock)
Step 3 - 调用握手函数(client)
可以根据验证方式，使用不同的握手实现：
?connection.handshakeClientCert() #无需客户端验证(authentication)
?connection.handshakeClientCert(certChain, privateKey)
?connection.handshakeClientSRP("alice", "abra123cadabra")
?connection.handshakeClientSharedKey("alice", "PaVBVZkYqAjCQCu6UBL2xgsnZhw")
?connection.handshakeClientUnknown(srpCallback, certCallback)
ClientCert私钥获取：
#Load cryptoID certChain and privateKey. ?Requires cryptoIDlib.
from cryptoIDlib.CertChain import CertChain
s = open("./test/clientCryptoIDChain.xml").read()
certChain = CertChain()
certChain.parse(s)
s = open("./test/clientCryptoIDKey.xml").read()
privateKey = parseXMLKey(s, private=True)
#Load X.509 certChain and privateKey.
s = open("./test/clientX509Cert.pem").read()
x509 = X509()
x509.parse(s)
certChain = X509CertChain([x509])
s = open("./test/clientX509Key.pem").read()
privateKey = parsePEMKey(s, private=True)
SRP and SharedKey都需要手动验证用户名和密码.
不同的是，SRP较慢，但对低熵密码安全；shared keys快速，但只对高熵密码安全。
一般情况下，SRP用于人类可识别记忆的密码，在使用随机码作为密码时才使用shared keys
Unknown用于当无法知道server是否需要client authentication的时候
两个回调函数SRP callback和certificate callback 通常接受一个包含(username, password)，(certChain,privateKey)或者的tuple
通过HandshakeSettings 更多地控制handshake：
settings = HandshakeSettings()
settings.minKeySize = 2048
settings.cipherNames = ["aes256"]
settings.minVersion = (3,1)
connection.handshakeClientSRP("alice", "abra123cadabra", settings=settings)
重用session：
connection.handshakeClientSRP("alice", "abra123cadabra")
……
oldSession = connection.session
connection2.handshakeClientSRP("alice", "abra123cadabra", session=oldSession)
Step 3 - 调用握手函数(server)
server只有一个handshake函数，但不同的验证方式参数不同
SRP authentication要通过VerifierDB来验证数据库的密码
verifierDB = VerifierDB("./test/verifierDB") #无参数代表内存数据库
#打开已存在的
verifierDB.open()
#创建新的
verifier = VerifierDB.makeVerifier("alice", "abra123cadabra", 2048)
verifierDB["alice"] = verifier
#执行握手
connection.handshakeServer(verifierDB=verifierDB)
shared key authentication
sharedKeyDB = SharedKeyDB("./test/sharedkeyDB")
sharedKeyDB.open()
sharedKeyDB["alice"] = "PaVBVZkYqAjCQCu6UBL2xgsnZhw"
connection.handshakeServer(sharedKeyDB=sharedKeyDB)
a certificate and private key authentication
connection.handshakeServer(certChain=certChain, privateKey=privateKey, reqCert=True)
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通过SessionCache重用客户端session
sessionCache = SessionCache()
connection.handshakeServer(verifierDB=verifierDB, sessionCache=sessionCache)
Step 4 - 检查结果
如果握手结束没有出现异常，验证结果将被保存在connection's session object
如下variables是常用的：
connection.session.srpUsername ? ? ? #string
connection.session.sharedKeyUsername #string
connection.session.clientCertChain ? #X509CertChain or cryptoIDlib.CertChain.CertChain
connection.session.serverCertChain ? #X509CertChain or cryptoIDlib.CertChain.CertChain
Both types of certificate chain object support the getFingerprint() function,
X.509对象返回 the end-entity fingerprint并忽略其他证书
CryptoID fingerprints (也就是 "cryptoIDs") 是基于根证书(root cryptoID certificate)的, 所以必须在CertChain中调用validate()确保真的和cryptoID通话.
try:
checker = Checker(\x509Fingerprint='e049ff930af76d43ff4c658b268786f4df1296f2')
connection.handshakeClientCert(checker=checker)
except TLSAuthenticationError:
print "Authentication failure"
错误类型略
Step 5 - 交换数据
创建连接后，使用socket.SSL对象的read() and write()?
或者使用socket对象的send(), sendall(), recv(), 和makefile()
会导致的异常：TLSLocalAlert,TLSRemoteAlert, socket.error, or TLSAbruptCloseError
Step 6 - 关闭连接
调用close()
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HTTPTLSConnection对httplib的扩展
? #没有验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("www.amazon.com", 443)
? h.request("GET", "")
? r = h.getresponse()
……
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? #基于服务器X.509 fingerprint的验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("www.amazon.com", 443, x509Fingerprint="e049ff930af76d43ff4c658b268786f4df1296f2")
……
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? #基于服务器 X.509 chain (需要cryptlib_py)的验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("www.amazon.com", 443, x509TrustList=[verisignCert], x509CommonName="www.amazon.com")
……
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? #基于服务器cryptoID的验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("localhost", 443, cryptoID="dmqb6.fq345.cxk6g.5fha3")
……
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? #使用SRP手动验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("localhost", 443, username="alice", password="abra123cadabra")
……
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? #使用shared key手动验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("localhost", 443, username="alice", sharedKey="PaVBVZkYqAjCQCu6UBL2xgsnZhw")
……
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? #基于服务器cryptoID 使用SRP, *AND*手动验证
? h = HTTPTLSConnection("localhost", 443, username="alice", password="abra123cadabra", cryptoID="dmqb6.fq345.cxk6g.5fha3")
……
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XMLRPCTransport对xmlrpclib的扩展
? from tlslite.api import XMLRPCTransport
? from xmlrpclib import ServerProxy
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? #No authentication whatsoever
? transport = XMLRPCTransport()
? server = ServerProxy("https://localhost", transport)
? server.someFunc(2, 3)
……
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? #Authenticate server based on its X.509 fingerprint
? transport = XMLRPCTransport(\
? ? ? ? ? x509Fingerprint="e049ff930af76d43ff4c658b268786f4df1296f2") ?
……
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POP3_TLS对poplib的扩展
IMAP4_TLS对imaplib的扩展
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? #To connect to a POP3 server over SSL and display its fingerprint:
? from tlslite.api import *
? p = POP3_TLS("---------.net")
? print p.sock.session.serverCertChain.getFingerprint()
……
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? #To connect to an IMAP server once you know its fingerprint:
? from tlslite.api import *
? i = IMAP4_TLS("cyrus.andrew.cmu.edu", x509Fingerprint="00c14371227b3b677ddb9c4901e6f2aee18d3e45")
…… ?
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SMTP_TLS对smtplib的扩展
? #To connect to an SMTP server once you know its fingerprint:
? from tlslite.api import *
? s = SMTP_TLS("----------.net")
? s.starttls(x509Fingerprint="7e39be84a2e3a7ad071752e3001d931bf82c32dc")
……
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SocketServer的使用
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? from SocketServer import *
? from BaseHTTPServer import *
? from SimpleHTTPServer import *
? from tlslite.api import *
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? s = open("./serverX509Cert.pem").read()
? x509 = X509()
? x509.parse(s)
? certChain = X509CertChain([x509])
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? s = open("./serverX509Key.pem").read()
? privateKey = parsePEMKey(s, private=True)
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? sessionCache = SessionCache()
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? class MyHTTPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TLSSocketServerMixIn, HTTPServer):
? ? ? def handshake(self, tlsConnection):
? ? ? ? ? try:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? tlsConnection.handshakeServer(certChain=certChain,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? privateKey=privateKey,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? sessionCache=sessionCache)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? tlsConnection.ignoreAbruptClose = True
? ? ? ? ? ? ? return True
? ? ? ? ? except TLSError, error:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? print "Handshake failure:", str(error)
? ? ? ? ? ? ? return False
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? httpd = MyHTTPServer(('localhost', 443), SimpleHTTPRequestHandler)
? httpd.serve_forever()
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TLSAsyncDispatcherMixIn.py?
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? class http_tls_channel(TLSAsyncDispatcherMixIn, http_server.http_channel):
? ? ? ac_in_buffer_size = 16384
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? ? ? def __init__ (self, server, conn, addr):
? ? ? ? ? http_server.http_channel.__init__(self, server, conn, addr)
? ? ? ? ? TLSAsyncDispatcherMixIn.__init__(self, conn)
? ? ? ? ? self.tlsConnection.ignoreAbruptClose = True
? ? ? ? ? self.setServerHandshakeOp(certChain=certChain, privateKey=privateKey)
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Twisted协议
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? from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, Factory
? from twisted.internet import reactor
? from twisted.protocols.policies import WrappingFactory
? from twisted.protocols.basic import LineReceiver
? from twisted.python import log
? from twisted.python.failure import Failure
? import sys
? from tlslite.api import *
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? s = open("./serverX509Cert.pem").read()
? x509 = X509()
? x509.parse(s)
? certChain = X509CertChain([x509])
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? s = open("./serverX509Key.pem").read()
? privateKey = parsePEMKey(s, private=True)
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? verifierDB = VerifierDB("verifierDB")
? verifierDB.open()
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? class Echo(LineReceiver):
? ? ? def connectionMade(self):
? ? ? ? ? self.transport.write("Welcome to the echo server!\r\n")
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? ? ? def lineReceived(self, line):
? ? ? ? ? self.transport.write(line + "\r\n")
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? class Echo1(Echo):
? ? ? def connectionMade(self):
? ? ? ? ? if not self.transport.tlsStarted:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? self.transport.setServerHandshakeOp(certChain=certChain,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? privateKey=privateKey,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? verifierDB=verifierDB)
? ? ? ? ? else:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? Echo.connectionMade(self)
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? ? ? def connectionLost(self, reason):
? ? ? ? ? pass #Handle any TLS exceptions here
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? class Echo2(Echo):
? ? ? def lineReceived(self, data):
? ? ? ? ? if data == "STARTTLS":
? ? ? ? ? ? ? self.transport.setServerHandshakeOp(certChain=certChain,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? privateKey=privateKey,
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? verifierDB=verifierDB)
? ? ? ? ? else:
? ? ? ? ? ? ? Echo.lineReceived(self, data)
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? ? ? def connectionLost(self, reason):
? ? ? ? ? pass #Handle any TLS exceptions here
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? factory = Factory()
? factory.protocol = Echo1
? #factory.protocol = Echo2
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? wrappingFactory = WrappingFactory(factory)
? wrappingFactory.protocol = TLSTwistedProtocolWrapper
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? log.startLogging(sys.stdout)
? reactor.listenTCP(1079, wrappingFactory)
? reactor.run()
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安全考虑
TLS Lite 是beta-quality code，尚未经过安全分析，风险自保