使用 RMAN 同步数据库
一．概述
二 操作步骤
(一)．把生产库置为归档模式
(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份
(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档
(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库
(五).在测试库上的操作
一．概述
因项目组遇到要2台数据库同步的问题，决定使用rman来实现此功能，生产库运行在非归档模式，所以操作起来相对麻烦些，生产库最多允许丢失半天数据，晚上可以重启数据，这样就为我们使用rman创造了必要条件，先来理清一下操作步骤:
1. 首先shutdown生产库(node1) ,并修改成归档模式。
2. 使用rman做一个0级备份集，并设置控制文件为自动备份。
3. 修改生产库为非归档模式，并置为open状态。
4. 到测试库上面，修改数据库为归档模式，因没有性能要求，不需要再改回非归档，方便恢复操作。
5. 拷贝备份集到测试库(node2)，备份集的存放位置和生产库保持一致。
6. 启动测试库到nomount状态。
7. 启动rman，第一步先恢复controlfile.里面包含了重要的备份信息。
8. 更改数据库到mount状态.
9. 恢复数据库 restore database,注意,此步骤只会使用最近的一次0级备份，而不会应用增量或差异备份。
10. Recover database,此步骤会首先应用所有的差异或增量备份，然后恢复归档日志，当然在恢复归档时会出现错误，在此可以忽略掉。
11. 使用resetlogs关键字打开数据库，数据库同步完成。
以后每天按上面操作写成脚本自动执行即可，需要注意的地方是把0级备份改为1级或2级即可,这样就可以每半月做一次0级备份，每天晚上做一次1级或2级备份，然后恢复到测试库，以此来实现2数据库的同步.
二 操作步骤 (一)．把生产库置为归档模式.
1． [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2． Sql>shutdown immediate;
3． Sql>startup mount;
4． Sql>alter database archivelog;
5． Sql>alter database open;
6． Sql>quit
(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
2. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
3. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format 'full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
--第一次同步操作时用该语句。
RMAN>quit;
日常同步备份时使用1级备份
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
6. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format 'increment _db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
7. RMAN>quit;
(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档.
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>alter database noarchivelog;
3. Sql>alter database open;
4. Sql>quit;
(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库
拷贝备份集文件到测试库，并和生产库相同位置,可以使用sftp或ftp等工具完成。
(五).在测试库上的操作
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>startup nomount;
3. Sql>quit;
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN> restore controlfile from/opt/oracle11g/u01/dbs/c-1190421672-20080819-01';
--该处可修改为实际备份集。
6. RMAN> alter database mount;
7. RMAN> restore database;
8. RMAN> recover database;
9. RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;
注意，所有的增量或差异备份都是用recover database来恢复的，如果丢失增量备份，需用下面方法启动数据库，将可能导致丢失大量数据:
启动sqlplus，使用下面语句清除丢失的增量备份.
Sql>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ü 1839635 ( 08/18/2008 23:25:21 ú) 1 ±è
ORA-00289: ¨é: /archive/1_74_662640938.dbf
ORA-00280: ü 1839635 ( 1) ò #74
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
Cancel <需要手工输入后回车>
Media recovery cancelled.
最后执行resetlogs关键字启动数据库。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
备份及同步脚本:
?rman_backup_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/bash ################################################################### # Usage: # backup_rman_v1.1.sh [all|repeat|sync] # all: list all backup file. # repeat: repeat level-1 increment backup. # sync: sync backup file to target database. ################################################################### export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01 export ORACLE_SID=primary export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk" export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup export log=/home/oracle/backup/log rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user password=go2north #target oracle user password target_host=172.16.5.27 today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'` mail_to_admin="zhaorupeng@126.com" ########set display color######### white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m") green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m") red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m") purple=$(echo -e "\e[35;40m") yellow=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m") blue=$(echo -e "\e[34;40m") ########color set end ############ # data backup status. # 0: backup failed. # 2: default # 9: success backup_status=2 #database status check ,If it's not turn on,the value is 0,or else 1 ora_stat=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_smon_*' |grep -v grep| wc -l` #database mode check,If it's archive mode,that value is 1,or else 0; arch=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_arc_*' | grep -v grep | wc -l` function open_database() { if [ "$ora_stat" = 0 ]; then cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba' shutdown immediate; startup; quit; EOF backup_status=2 if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then echo "database unable strtup!" backup_status=0 exit 1 fi fi } function open_archive_mode() { if [ "$arch" = 0 ]; then #if arch=1,nothing,because it was already on archive mode echo "****************open archive mode*************" cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba' shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database archivelog; alter database open; quit; EOF fi } function return_initaliztion_mode() { if [ "$arch" = 0 -a "$backup_status" > 0 ]; then #if arch=1,nothing,because initialization mode is archive mode echo "********* return initialization database mode**********" cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba' shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database noarchivelog; alter database open; quit; EOF fi if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then echo "return initalization database successfully." fi echo "************return initialization database mode *********" ; } function increment_backup_level_1() # incremental level-1 backup { open_database open_archive_mode echo "******** `date +'%Y%m%d'` Do level-1 increment backup....*********************" 2>&1; cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log configure maxsetsize to 20g; configure controlfile autobackup on; configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F'; run { allocate channel c01 type disk; backup incremental level 1 database format '$backup_dir/increment_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`"; release channel c01; } configure controlfile autobackup off; crosscheck backup of database; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt obsolete ; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30'; delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-14'; EOF if [ "$?" = 0 ];then echo "*******************level-1 backup completed!************************" backup_status=9 else echo "*****************level-1 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******" backup_status=0 fi return $backup_status return_initaliztion_mode } function level_0_backup_database() { open_database open_archive_mode echo "************* Do level-0 backup ****************" cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log configure retention policy to redundancy 30; configure maxsetsize to 20g; configure controlfile autobackup on; configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F'; crosscheck backup of database; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt obsolete ; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30'; delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-5'; run { allocate channel c1 type disk; backup incremental level 0 database format '$backup_dir/full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`"; release channel c1 ; } configure controlfile autobackup off; quit; EOF if [ "$?" = 0 ];then echo "*******************level-0 backup completed!************************" backup_status=9 else echo "******************level-0 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******" backup_status=0 fi return $backup_status return_initaliztion_mode } function repeat_increment_backup() { if [ "$#" = 0 ]; then exit 0 else if [ "$1" = "repeat" ]; then echo "************do database increment backup again**************" increment_backup_level_1 $ORACLE_HOME $log $backup_dir echo "************repeat increment backup completed!**************" else echo "command error,please use parameter 'repeat'" exit 0 fi fi } # sync target database backup files # function sync() { ping $target_host -c 1 > /dev/null # test network link # if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "sync host:$red $target_host $white link failed!,please check network." exit 1 fi if [ -f /usr/bin/rsync ]; then #check resync command # cat << EOF > sync #!/usr/bin/expect spawn /usr/bin/rsync -avzu $rsync_dir/ $username@$target_host:$rsync_dir expect "password:" send "$password\n"; send "quit\n"; interact EOF echo "********copy backup files to target database********" if [ -f sync -a -f /usr/bin/expect ]; then chmod +x sync ./sync rm -rf ./sync #list sync files backup_file=`ls -ltR --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_|c-" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` echo "sync files:" echo "$blue" j=0 for i in $backup_file do ((j++)) a[$j]=$i if [ $j = 3 ]; then echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} ${a[$j]}" j=0 fi done echo "$white" echo " transtion has succeed.please check the backup files on target database." exit 0 else echo "command expect not found, please install Tcl/expect" exit 1 fi else echo "command rsync not found,please install!" exit 1 fi } if [ -f $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log ]; then rm -rf $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log fi ( level_0_backup_status=`find $backup_dir/ -name 'full_db_*'| grep -i full_db |grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1 level_1_backup_status=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ |grep -i 'increment_db_*'| grep -i $today_backup|grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1 if [ $level_0_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then level_0_backup_database backup_status=$? fi if [ $level_1_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then increment_backup_level_1 backup_status=$? fi # ############Today's database backup information########## # check today's backup status # check_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | awk '{print $6}' | grep -i $today_backup | wc -l` # check today's controlfile backup information # control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` # check today's increment backup information # backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` log_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $log/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` if [ "$1" = "all" ] ; then backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db" | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*"| awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'` fi # print today's backup information including controlfile and log information # if [ $check_backup -ge 0 ]; then if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then repeat_increment_backup $1 else echo " ############Today's database backup information########## " if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then today_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i full_db_* | awk '{print $6}'` echo "List date $purple ${today_backup[0]} $white level-0 backup database after file information" else echo "Date $purple $today_backup $white database backup is completed." fi echo "backup file directory: $backup_dir" echo "backup file information: $green" echo "" j=0 for i in $backup_file_info do ((j++)) a[$j]=$i if [ $j = 3 ]; then echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $backup_dir/${a[$j]}" j=0 fi done echo "$white" echo "Controlfile information:$yellow" echo "" j=0 for p in $control_file;do ((j++)) a[$j]=$p if [ $j = 3 ] ; then echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $controlfile_dir/${a[$j]}" j=0 fi done echo "$white" echo "log information:$blue" echo "" j=0 for p in $log_file_info;do ((j++)) a[$j]=$p if [ $j = 3 ] ; then echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $log/${a[$j]}" j=0 fi done echo "$white" echo "If you want increment backup database again,please use \"repeat\" parameter" echo " ############Today database backup information the end ########## " fi fi # end print backup information # # copy backup file # if [ "$1" = "sync" ] ; then backup_status=9 fi if [ "$backup_status" = 9 ]; then sync else echo "Today's Backup file is synced. please check whether it's in the target database." echo "If you want to sync again,please use \"sync\" parameter." exit 0 fi echo "If you want to view all backup information,Please use \"all\" parameter." ) 2> $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log #mail -s "`date +'%Y%m%d'`database backup information" $mail_to_admin<$log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log?
恢复脚本:
rman_restore_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/sh export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01 export ORACLE_SID=primary export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk" export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup export log=/home/oracle/backup/log rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user password=go2north #target oracle user password target_host=172.16.5.27 today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'` today=`date +'%Y%m%d'` white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m") green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m") red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m") blue=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m") backup_status=2 #data backup status ,0: backup faild,1: 1 level increment backup,2 : 0 level backup # Begin change restore variable restore_status=true last_restore_file=increment_db_ORCL_76_663449691_1 last_restore_date=(2008-08-22 19:36) last_recover_time="2008-08-28 15:12:08" last_restore_time=2 last_restore_num=3 # End change restore variable #sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0 #sed -i 's/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0 restore_file=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $9}'|head -1` controlfile=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir | grep -i 'c-*' | awk '{print $9}'| head -1` recover_time=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print substr($7,1,5)}'| head -1` recover_date=(`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,5)}' | head -1`) recover_times=`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'` function update_backup_info() { sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=true/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_file=.*/last_restore_file='"${restore_file}"'/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_date=.*/last_restore_date='"(${recover_date[*]})"/ $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time='$((last_restore_time+1))'/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_num=.*/last_restore_num='$((last_restore_num+1))'/' $0 } function restore_database() { echo "************* recover database start ****************" cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba' shutdown immediate; startup nomount; EOF cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_restore_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log run { allocate channel c01 type disk; allocate channel c02 type disk; allocate channel c03 type disk; restore controlfile from "$controlfile_dir/$controlfile"; alter database mount; recover database; release channel c01; release channel c02; release channel c03; } alter database open resetlogs; EOF if [ "$?" = 0 ];then echo "*******************restore be completed!************************" backup_status=9 update_backup_info exit 0 else echo "******************restore database failed,please contact oracle dba*******" sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0 fi return "$backup_status" } #delete backup file on the weekend again #file_info=`ls -l $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_backup_*.gz'|wc -l` #if [ $file_count -gt 7 ] #then # del_files=`ls -lR $backup_dir| egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_"|grep \`date -d "7 days ago" +'%Y-%m-%d'\`|awk "{print $9}"` # rm -f $del_files; # if [ $? = 0 ] # then # echo "removing $del_files" # fi #else # echo "No last file" # #fi ########################################### if [ "$last_restore_file" != "$restore_file" -o "${last_restore_date[1]}" != "$recover_time" ]; then restore_database fi if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then restore_database fi if [ "$restore_status" = "true" -o "${last_restore_date[0]}" = ${recover_date[0]} ]; then echo "Today's sync already completed!" echo "Last restore file: $backup_dir/$last_restore_file" echo "Last restore time: $last_restore_time" echo "The number of times the database be restored today: $last_restore_num" echo "The total number of times the database have ever been restore: $last_recover_time" sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0 else sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time=0/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0 sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0 fi?
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from: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-78699-id-3240613.html