Tomcat7启动分析（一）启动脚本

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@echo offrem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or morerem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance withrem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License atremrem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwarerem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocalrem ---------------------------------------rem Start script for the CATALINA Serverremrem $Id: startup.bat 895392 2010-01-03 14:02:31Z kkolinko $rem ---------------------------------------rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not definedset "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHomeset "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHomecd ..set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"cd "%CURRENT_DIR%":gotHomeif exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHomeecho The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctlyecho This environment variable is needed to run this programgoto end:okHomeset "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"rem Check that target executable existsif exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExececho Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"echo This file is needed to run this programgoto end:okExecrem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in theset CMD_LINE_ARGS=:setArgsif ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgsset CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1shiftgoto setArgs:doneSetArgscall "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%:end?

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注意，该行后面跟着两个参数，第1个参数是start。

@echo offrem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or morerem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance withrem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License atremrem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwarerem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" setlocalrem ---------------------------------------rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Serverremrem Environment Variable Prerequisitesremrem Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a scriptrem setenv.bat in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.remrem CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina "build" directory.remrem CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portionsrem of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves torem the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.remrem CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",rem "run" or "debug" command is executed.rem Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that shouldrem only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,rem the version command etc.rem Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.remrem CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directoryrem the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults torem %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.remrem JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.rem Required to run the with the "debug" argument.remrem JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Runtime installation.rem Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOMErem are both set, JRE_HOME is used.remrem JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when any commandrem is executed.rem Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, thatrem should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,rem the version command etc.rem Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.remrem JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directoriesrem containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIsrem created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).rem It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.rem Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.remrem JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".remrem JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. The default is 8000.remrem JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspendrem execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".remrem JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"rem command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,rem and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpdarem options MUST be specified. The default is:remrem -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,rem address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%remrem LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config filerem Example (all one line)rem set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"remrem LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging managerrem Example (all one line)rem set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"remrem TITLE (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The defaultrem TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.rem Example (all one line)rem set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]remremremrem $Id: catalina.bat 1344732 2012-05-31 14:08:02Z kkolinko $rem ---------------------------------------rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+Cif not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntryif "%TEMP%" == "" goto mainEntryif exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntryecho Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntryecho Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"rem Use provided errorlevelset RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1exit /B %RETVAL%:mainEntrydel /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not definedset "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHomeset "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHomecd ..set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"cd "%CURRENT_DIR%":gotHomeif exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHomeecho The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctlyecho This environment variable is needed to run this programgoto end:okHomerem Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not definedif not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBaseset "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%":gotBaserem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.set CLASSPATH=rem Get standard environment variablesif not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto checkSetenvHomecall "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"goto setenvDone:checkSetenvHomeif exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat":setenvDonerem Get standard Java environment variablesif exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspathecho Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"echo This file is needed to run this programgoto end:okSetclasspathcall "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1if errorlevel 1 goto endrem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATHrem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce randomrem quotes into the CLASSPATHif "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspathset "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;":emptyClasspathset "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdirset "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp":gotTmpdirrem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpathrem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instanceif not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHomeset "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"goto juliClasspathDone:juliClasspathHomeset "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar":juliClasspathDoneif not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfigset LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnopif not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfigset LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties":noJuliConfigset JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManagerset LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager:noJuliManagerset JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------echo Using CATALINA_BASE: "%CATALINA_BASE%"echo Using CATALINA_HOME: "%CATALINA_HOME%"echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdkecho Using JRE_HOME: "%JRE_HOME%"goto java_dir_displayed:use_jdkecho Using JAVA_HOME: "%JAVA_HOME%":java_dir_displayedecho Using CLASSPATH: "%CLASSPATH%"set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrapset ACTION=startset SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=set DEBUG_OPTS=set JPDA=if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpdaset JPDA=jpdaif not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransportset JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket:gotJpdaTransportif not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddressset JPDA_ADDRESS=8000:gotJpdaAddressif not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspendset JPDA_SUSPEND=n:gotJpdaSuspendif not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOptsset JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%:gotJpdaOptsshift:noJpdaif ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebugif ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRunif ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStartif ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStopif ""%1"" == ""configtest"" goto doConfigTestif ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersionecho Usage: catalina ( commands ... )echo commands:echo debug Start Catalina in a debuggerecho debug -security Debug Catalina with a security managerecho jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debuggerecho run Start Catalina in the current windowecho run -security Start in the current window with security managerecho start Start Catalina in a separate windowecho start -security Start in a separate window with security managerecho stop Stop Catalinaecho configtest Run a basic syntax check on server.xmlecho version What version of tomcat are you running?goto end:doDebugshiftset _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmdshiftecho Using Security Managerset "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd:doRunshiftif not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmdshiftecho Using Security Managerset "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd:doStartshiftif not "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto noTitleif "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcatset _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%goto gotTitle:noTitleset _EXECJAVA=start %_RUNJAVA%:gotTitleif not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmdshiftecho Using Security Managerset "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"goto execCmd:doStopshiftset ACTION=stopset CATALINA_OPTS=goto execCmd:doConfigTestshiftset ACTION=configtestset CATALINA_OPTS=goto execCmd:doVersion%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfogoto end:execCmdrem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in theset CMD_LINE_ARGS=:setArgsif ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgsset CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1shiftgoto setArgs:doneSetArgsrem Execute Java with the applicable propertiesif not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpdaif not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%goto end:doSecurity%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%goto end:doJpdaif not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%goto end:doSecurityJpda%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%goto end:end

@echo offrem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or morerem contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed withrem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance withrem the License. You may obtain a copy of the License atremrem http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0remrem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwarerem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions andrem limitations under the License.rem ---------------------------------------rem Set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME if not already set, ensure any provided settingsrem are valid and consistent with the selected start-up options and set up therem endorsed directory.remrem $Id: setclasspath.bat 1202062 2011-11-15 06:50:02Z mturk $rem ---------------------------------------rem Make sure prerequisite environment variables are setrem In debug mode we need a real JDK (JAVA_HOME)if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto needJavaHomerem Otherwise either JRE or JDK are fineif not "%JRE_HOME%" == "" goto gotJreHomeif not "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto gotJavaHomeecho Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is definedecho At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this programgoto exit:needJavaHomerem Check if we have a usable JDKif "%JAVA_HOME%" == "" goto noJavaHomeif not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJavaHomeif not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJavaHomeif not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb.exe" goto noJavaHomeif not exist "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\javac.exe" goto noJavaHomeset "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%"goto okJava:noJavaHomeecho The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly.echo It is needed to run this program in debug mode.echo NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE.goto exit:gotJavaHomerem No JRE given, use JAVA_HOME as JRE_HOMEset "JRE_HOME=%JAVA_HOME%":gotJreHomerem Check if we have a usable JREif not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\java.exe" goto noJreHomeif not exist "%JRE_HOME%\bin\javaw.exe" goto noJreHomegoto okJava:noJreHomerem Needed at least a JREecho The JRE_HOME environment variable is not defined correctlyecho This environment variable is needed to run this programgoto exit:okJavarem Don't override the endorsed dir if the user has set it previouslyif not "%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" == "" goto gotEndorseddirrem Set the default -Djava.endorsed.dirs argumentset "JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS=%CATALINA_HOME%\endorsed":gotEndorseddirrem Set standard command for invoking Java.rem Note that NT requires a window name argument when using start.rem Also note the quoting as JAVA_HOME may contain spaces.set _RUNJAVA="%JRE_HOME%\bin\java"set _RUNJDB="%JAVA_HOME%\bin\jdb"goto end:exitexit /b 1:endexit /b 0

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三、总结

以上即tomcat的启动脚本中的总体流程，只是讲了默认的脚本运行方式，但在脚本阅读中可以看到能根据catalina.bat里可以根据不同参数以不同方式运行tomcat：

debug???????????? Start Catalina in a debugger

debug -security?? Debug Catalina with a security manager

jpda start??????? Start Catalina under JPDA debugger

run?????????????? Start Catalina in the current window

run -security???? Start in the current window with security manager

start???????????? Start Catalina in a separate window

start -security?? Start in a separate window with security manager

stop????????????? Stop Catalina

configtest??????? Run a basic syntax check on server.xml

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只要能看懂基本dos命令，这几个脚本的阅读其实很简单，其他bat文件可以大体浏览一下，会发现转了半天，最终都会执行catalina.bat文件，而catalina.bat文件里最终会执行Bootstrap文件的main方法，不同的是调用main方法时会各自添加不同的入参而已。bat文件用于windows操作系统下启动tomcat，而sh文件则用于unix环境下的启动，原理是一致的。