速成笔记：Hypertext Transfer Protocol
1.HTTP是以明文方式发送数据的(sniffer可以在局域网内截取内容:使用https安全)2.用于从WWW服务器传输超文本到本地浏览器的传输协议。以TCP/IP为基础的高层协议。
3.现在广泛使用的HTTP/1.1（1.0一个连接只能访问一个服务器的资源，资源下载完断开 再重新链接下载）
4.以http协议手工向服务器发送请求：
先启动tomcat，建立java project 工程名为javaWebByHand 文件名为TestHTTP.java 源代码为：
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TestHTTP {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 80); //建立一个到服务器的连接
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));//输出流->转换流（字节处理）->具有缓冲功能
bw.write("GET / HTTP/1.1"); //访问方式 访问资源的名称 基于协议
bw.newLine();
bw.write("Host: 127.0.0.1:80"); //同一个ip下可能有不同的域名
bw.newLine();
bw.write("Content-Type: text/html"); //访问资源的类型
bw.newLine();
bw.newLine();//协议规定
bw.flush();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
String str = null;
while((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
}
bw.close();
br.close();
s.close();
}
}
右键 | run as
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
ETag: W/"7347-1184876416000"
Last-Modified: Thu, 19 Jul 2007 20:20:16 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 7347
Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2013 15:37:25 GMT
...网页源代码...
其他
GET 请求获取Request-URI所标识的资源
POST 在Request-URI所标识的资源后附加新的数据
HEAD 请求获取由Request-URI所标识的资源的响应消息报头
PUT 请求服务器存储一个资源，并用Request-URI作为其标识
DELETE 请求服务器删除Request-URI所标识的资源
TRACE 请求服务器回送收到的请求信息，主要用于测试或诊断
CONNECT 保留将来使用
OPTIONS 请求查询服务器的性能，或者查询与资源相关的选项和需求
"100" : Continue
"101" : witching Protocols
"200" : OK
"201" : Created
"202" : Accepted
"203" : Non-Authoritative Information
"204" : No Content
"205" : Reset Content
"206" : Partial Content
"300" : Multiple Choices
"301" : Moved Permanently
"302" : Found
"303" : See Other
"304" : Not Modified
"305" : Use Proxy
"307" : Temporary Redirect
"400" : Bad Request
"401" : Unauthorized
"402" : Payment Required
"403" : Forbidden
"404" : Not Found
"405" : Method Not Allowed
"406" : Not Acceptable
"407" : Proxy Authentication Required
"408" : Request Time-out
"409" : Conflict
"410" : Gone
"411" : Length Required
"412" : Precondition Failed
"413" : Request Entity Too Large
"414" : Request-URI Too Large
"415" : Unsupported Media Type
"416" : Requested range not satisfiable
"417" : Expectation Failed
"500" : Internal Server Error
"501" : Not Implemented
"502" : Bad Gateway
"503" : Service Unavailable
"504" : Gateway Time-out
"505" : HTTP Version not supported