数学之路(3)-机器学习(4)-专家系统(1)

CLIPS（C Language Integrated Production System）是由美国国家航天局约翰逊空间中心人工智能部在1985年推出的专家系统开发工具。其设计目标和特点包括：

1. 可用于管理、工业、商业、文教等各个领域的专家系统开发，具有广泛的通用性；
2. 适用于各种型号的计算机，从IBM PC及其兼容机，到VAX,HP,SUN,MACINTOSH，直到CRAY，都可以运行CLIPS，具有对机型的广泛适用性；
3. 与已有的普通软件系统易于集成，同FORTRAN,ADA等高级程序设计语言均有接口，为用户提供了方便；
4. 用C语言写成，运行速度很快；
5. 具有在不确定性下进行推理的能力。

正是由于上述设计目标与特点，加之美国国家航天局对CLIPS采取公开化，以及免费使用的政策，CLIPS在众多的专家系统开发工具中深受欢迎，CLIPS研制小组也因此获得了美国航天科技大奖。

CLIPS-事实的增加与删除

一、说明

１、(facts)为查看事实

２、(deftemplate person
(slot name)
.....)

为定义自定义模板，slot表示槽,person为一个自定义结构

3、(assert (person
(name "zhanghua")
(age 25)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color red) ) )
增加person结构的事实

4、 (assert (person
(name "zhouhua")
(age 65)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color red) )
(person
(name "liujun")
(age 45)
(eye-color black)
(hair-color black) ) )
可以同时增加2个或多个事实

5、(retract 2 )为删除事实，可同时删除多个事实(retract 3 5)

６、重复的事实不能反复增加

二、操作

CLIPS (Quicksilver Beta09/24/07)
CLIPS> (facts)
f-0(initial-fact)
For a total of 1 fact.
CLIPS> (deftemplate person
(slot name)
(slot age)
(slot eye-color)
(slot hair-color))
CLIPS> (assert (person
(name "zhangsan")
(age 25)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color black) ) )

CLIPS> (assert (person
(name "zhanghua")
(age 25)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color red) ) )

CLIPS> (assert (person
(name "zhanghua")
(age 25)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color red) )
(person
(name "zhouhui")
(age 45)
(eye-color black)
(hair-color black) ) )

CLIPS> (facts)
f-0(initial-fact)
f-1(person (name "zhangsan") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorblack))
f-2(person (name "zhanghua") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorred))
f-3(person (name "zhouhui") (age 45) (eye-color black) (hair-colorblack))
For a total of 4 facts.
CLIPS> (assert (person
(name "zhouhua")
(age 65)
(eye-color blue)
(hair-color red) )
(person
(name "liujun")
(age 45)
(eye-color black)
(hair-color black) ) )

CLIPS> (facts)
f-0(initial-fact)
f-1(person (name "zhangsan") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorblack))
f-2(person (name "zhanghua") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorred))
f-3(person (name "zhouhui") (age 45) (eye-color black) (hair-colorblack))
f-4(person (name "zhouhua") (age 65) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorred))
f-5(person (name "liujun") (age 45) (eye-color black) (hair-colorblack))
For a total of 6 facts

CLIPS> (retract 2 )
CLIPS> (facts)
f-0(initial-fact)
f-1(person (name "zhangsan") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorblack))
f-3(person (name "zhouhui") (age 45) (eye-color black) (hair-colorblack))
f-4(person (name "zhouhua") (age 65) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorred))
f-5(person (name "liujun") (age 45) (eye-color black) (hair-colorblack))
For a total of 5 facts.
CLIPS> (retract 3 5)
CLIPS> (facts)
f-0(initial-fact)
f-1(person (name "zhangsan") (age 25) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorblack))
f-4(person (name "zhouhua") (age 65) (eye-color blue) (hair-colorred))
For a total of 3 facts.
CLIPS>