用java源代码学数据结构<二>: Vector 详解
可以先看个人体会(最下面)来有个初步的认识,这样有利于理解。(也可以自己先看,免得被我的思路左右)
/*1.Vector可以随着用户插入或删除元素来改变自己的大小。2.Vector类通过维护capacity(函数)和capacityIncrement(变量)来优化存储。3.capacity总是至少和vector的size一般大(capacity>=size)。4.通过在向vector插入元素之前增大capacity,可以减少很大的内存分配时间。*/package java.util;public class Vector<E> extends AbstractList<E> implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{//用来存储vector元素的数组,vector的captcity等于数组的lengthprotected Object[] elementData;//vector中实际存在元素的数目protected int elementCount;/*1.capacity表示当需要存储空间大于capacity时,vector存储空间增大的数目2.当capacity<=0时,vector的capacity每次需要增长时,大小翻倍*/protected int capacityIncrement;//使用JDK 1.0.2得到的序列号private static final long serialVersionUID = -2767605614048989439L;/*1.初始化一个空的Vector2.initialCapacity表示vector的初始大小。3.capacityIncrement表示当vector溢出(overflow)时,capacity需要增加的数目*/public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) { //Vector的直接父类AbstractList的构造函数为空,没有什么特别的意义super();//如果初始大小为负,抛出参数异常 if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+ initialCapacity);//初始化成员变量 this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity]; this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement; }//默认的capacityIncrement为0,表示vector大小需要增加时,采用double策略public Vector(int initialCapacity) { this(initialCapacity, 0); }//默认Vector的大小为10public Vector() { this(10); }public Vector(Collection<? extends E> c) { //调用Collection子类的toArray方法elementData = c.toArray(); elementCount = elementData.length; // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)/*1.Arrays.copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) 复制指定的数组,截取或用 null 填充(如有必要),以使副本具有指定的长度。2.就是通过一系列方法将Colleciton的元素变成数组存到elementData中*/ if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class) elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, Object[].class); }/*1.sysnchronized:从这里可以看出:vector线程安全,ArrayList不是线程同步的2.将elemetntData中的元素复制到anArray中*/public synchronized void copyInto(Object[] anArray) {//从指定源数组中复制一个数组,复制从指定的位置开始,到目标数组的指定位置结束。 System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, anArray, 0, elementCount); }/*如果vector当前实际元素数目小于capacity,将vector缩小。常用于减少vector的存储空间*/public synchronized void trimToSize() { /*1.在Vector和ArrayList的直接父类AbstractList中声明,表示集合容器结构上被修改的次数 通常用于线程并发中。(结构修改通常指改变容器size,以及使迭代器产生错误结果的情况)*/modCount++; int oldCapacity = elementData.length; if (elementCount < oldCapacity) { elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount); } }/*1.增大vector的大小,确保能存放至少minCapacity个元素*/public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity > 0) { modCount++; ensureCapacityHelper(minCapacity);//函数在下面 } }private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code//如果当前的elementData.length(即capacity)小于参数mincapacity if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0) grow(minCapacity);//函数在下面 }/*The maximum size of array to allocate.有些VM需要在数组前加些头信息(header words )*/private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8; private void grow(int minCapacity) { // overflow-conscious code int oldCapacity = elementData.length;/*如果capacityIncrement>0,则新的capacity = 旧的capacity+capacityIncrement否则double*/ int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ? capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0) newCapacity = minCapacity;//如果容量过大,进行异常处理 if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0) newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);//函数在下面 elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity); }private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) { if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow throw new OutOfMemoryError(); return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE; }/* 1.如果小了,增大空间,用null填充 2.如果大了,减少空间,用null填充*/public synchronized void setSize(int newSize) { modCount++; if (newSize > elementCount) { ensureCapacityHelper(newSize); } else { for (int i = newSize ; i < elementCount ; i++) { elementData[i] = null; } } elementCount = newSize; }//capacity = elementData.length ,数据的容量大小(不是实际大小)public synchronized int capacity() { return elementData.length; }//vector的实际大小public synchronized int size() { return elementCount; }//是否为空public synchronized boolean isEmpty() { return elementCount == 0; }// 返回此vector的组件的枚举。public Enumeration<E> elements() {//内部类 return new Enumeration<E>() { int count = 0; public boolean hasMoreElements() { return count < elementCount; } public E nextElement() {//锁机制 synchronized (Vector.this) { if (count < elementCount) { return elementData(count++); } } throw new NoSuchElementException("Vector Enumeration"); } }; }//是否包含o对象public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o, 0) >= 0; }//o对象的位置public int indexOf(Object o) { return indexOf(o, 0); }//index为起始位置,返回-1表示不包含o对象public synchronized int indexOf(Object o, int index) { if (o == null) { for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; }//o对象的最后位置public synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o) { return lastIndexOf(o, elementCount-1); }//反向查找,就是lastIndexOfpublic synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o, int index) { if (index >= elementCount) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= "+ elementCount); if (o == null) { for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--) if (elementData[i]==null) return i; } else { for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--) if (o.equals(elementData[i])) return i; } return -1; }//返回指定位置对象public synchronized E elementAt(int index) { if (index >= elementCount) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount); } return elementData(index);//还可以这样调用?!,这是个函数,在下面有 }//返回vector中第一个对象public synchronized E firstElement() { if (elementCount == 0) { throw new NoSuchElementException(); } return elementData(0); }//返回vector中第二个对象public synchronized E lastElement() { if (elementCount == 0) { throw new NoSuchElementException(); } return elementData(elementCount - 1);} //设置指定位置对象的值public synchronized void setElementAt(E obj, int index) { if (index >= elementCount) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount); } elementData[index] = obj; }//删除指定位置对象public synchronized void removeElementAt(int index) { modCount++; if (index >= elementCount) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount); } else if (index < 0) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); }//得到删除位置到结尾之间的距离 int j = elementCount - index - 1; if (j > 0) { System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j); } elementCount--;//java中不必自己删除对象(用delete用习惯了),将对象置为null即可 elementData[elementCount] = null; /* to let gc do its work */ }public synchronized void insertElementAt(E obj, int index) { modCount++; if (index > elementCount) { throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " > " + elementCount); }//扩大vector的存储空间 ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);//多了好多的拷贝时间呀 System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, elementCount - index); elementData[index] = obj; elementCount++; }//直接在末尾添加public synchronized void addElement(E obj) { modCount++; ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1); elementData[elementCount++] = obj; }//先找到位置,在删除对象public synchronized boolean removeElement(Object obj) { modCount++; int i = indexOf(obj); if (i >= 0) { removeElementAt(i); return true; } return false; }//将对象置为null,就可以删除对象了public synchronized void removeAllElements() { modCount++; // Let gc do its work for (int i = 0; i < elementCount; i++) elementData[i] = null; elementCount = 0; }//创建并返回此对象的一个副本(不是同一个对象了)public synchronized Object clone() { try { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Vector<E> v = (Vector<E>) super.clone(); v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount); v.modCount = 0; return v; } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable throw new InternalError(); } }//得到数组的表现形式public synchronized Object[] toArray() { return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount); }//返回一个数组,包含此向量中以恰当顺序存放的所有元素;返回数组的运行时类型为指定数组的类型。@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public synchronized <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { if (a.length < elementCount) return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, a.getClass()); System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, elementCount); if (a.length > elementCount) a[elementCount] = null; return a; }@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E elementData(int index) { return (E) elementData[index];}//直接获取public synchronized E get(int index) { if (index >= elementCount) throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); return elementData(index); }//直接设置public synchronized E set(int index, E element) { if (index >= elementCount) throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); E oldValue = elementData(index); elementData[index] = element; return oldValue; }//直接增加public synchronized boolean add(E e) { modCount++; ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1); elementData[elementCount++] = e; return true; }//移除第一个匹配项public boolean remove(Object o) { return removeElement(o); }public void add(int index, E element) { insertElementAt(element, index); }public synchronized E remove(int index) { modCount++; if (index >= elementCount) throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); //保存旧的对象E oldValue = elementData(index);//将后面的对象往前移动 int numMoved = elementCount - index - 1; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index, numMoved); elementData[--elementCount] = null; // Let gc do its work return oldValue; }public void clear() { removeAllElements(); }public synchronized boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) { return super.containsAll(c); }//将指定 Collection 中的所有元素添加到此向量的末尾,按照指定 collection 的迭代器所返回的顺序添加这些元素。public synchronized boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { modCount++; Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length; ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, elementCount, numNew); elementCount += numNew; return numNew != 0; }public synchronized boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) { return super.removeAll(c); }public synchronized boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) { return super.retainAll(c); }//在指定位置将指定 Collection 中的所有元素插入到此向量中。public synchronized boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { modCount++; if (index < 0 || index > elementCount) throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index); Object[] a = c.toArray(); int numNew = a.length;//首先扩大容量 ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew); int numMoved = elementCount - index; if (numMoved > 0) System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved); System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew); elementCount += numNew; return numNew != 0; }public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) { return super.equals(o); }public synchronized int hashCode() { return super.hashCode(); }public synchronized String toString() { return super.toString(); }public synchronized List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { return Collections.synchronizedList(super.subList(fromIndex, toIndex),this); }//从此 List 中移除其索引位于 fromIndex(包括)与 toIndex(不包括)之间的所有元素。protected synchronized void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) { modCount++; int numMoved = elementCount - toIndex;//现将后面的对象移到前面来 System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex, numMoved); // Let gc do its work int newElementCount = elementCount - (toIndex-fromIndex); while (elementCount != newElementCount) elementData[--elementCount] = null; }private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException { final java.io.ObjectOutputStream.PutField fields = s.putFields(); final Object[] data; synchronized (this) { fields.put("capacityIncrement", capacityIncrement); fields.put("elementCount", elementCount); data = elementData.clone(); } fields.put("elementData", data); s.writeFields(); }public synchronized ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { if (index < 0 || index > elementCount) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index); return new ListItr(index);//ListItr类在后面 }public synchronized ListIterator<E> listIterator() { return new ListItr(0); }public synchronized Iterator<E> iterator() { return new Itr();//在后面 }//将迭代器类定义到Vector类的里面,这样迭代器就可以访问vector类的内部变量private class Itr implements Iterator<E> { int cursor; // index of next element to return int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such//用于检查线程是否同步,如果线程不同步,它们两个的值不一样 int expectedModCount = modCount; public boolean hasNext() { // Racy but within spec, since modifications are checked // within or after synchronization in next/previous return cursor != elementCount; } public E next() { synchronized (Vector.this) {//检查线程安全 checkForComodification(); int i = cursor; if (i >= elementCount) throw new NoSuchElementException();//cursor保存下次要访问的位置 cursor = i + 1;//将最后依次访问的地址赋给lastRet(用于恢复) return elementData(lastRet = i); } } public void remove() { if (lastRet == -1) throw new IllegalStateException(); synchronized (Vector.this) { checkForComodification();//实质是调用vector自己的remove方法 Vector.this.remove(lastRet); expectedModCount = modCount; } cursor = lastRet; lastRet = -1; } final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } }//ListItr和Itr很像,基本上都是调用vector的方法final class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> { ListItr(int index) { super(); cursor = index; } public boolean hasPrevious() { return cursor != 0;//第二个元素之后的元素都有previous } public int nextIndex() { return cursor; } public int previousIndex() { return cursor - 1; } public E previous() { synchronized (Vector.this) { checkForComodification(); int i = cursor - 1; if (i < 0) throw new NoSuchElementException(); cursor = i; return elementData(lastRet = i); } } public void set(E e) { if (lastRet == -1) throw new IllegalStateException(); synchronized (Vector.this) { checkForComodification(); Vector.this.set(lastRet, e); } } public void add(E e) { int i = cursor; synchronized (Vector.this) { checkForComodification(); Vector.this.add(i, e); expectedModCount = modCount; } cursor = i + 1; lastRet = -1; } }
个人体会:
1.认清两个重要参数capacity(等价于size、length啥的),capacityIncrement。注意当capacityIncrement<=0时,容器扩大一倍(double),否则容器增加capacityIncrement个大小。(一般都是扩大一倍)
2.最重要的操作就是数组的复制,最基本函数System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j)(这个函数在System类中只有定义,具体的实现在JVM中,大家可以自行查找资料)。不要管他的内部实现,面向对象嘛。然后注意一些参数变量的改变
3.迭代器类其实就是类似于一个代理,使用的都是vector的内部方法
4.vector类时线程安全的,主要靠synchronized (Vector.this) 这个对象锁或其他锁机制,以及检查修改次数modCount来实现。
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