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用java源代码学数据结构lt;2gt; Vector 详

发布时间: 2013-10-27 15:21:49 作者: rapoo

用java源代码学数据结构<二>: Vector 详解
可以先看个人体会(最下面)来有个初步的认识,这样有利于理解。(也可以自己先看,免得被我的思路左右)

/*1.Vector可以随着用户插入或删除元素来改变自己的大小。2.Vector类通过维护capacity(函数)和capacityIncrement(变量)来优化存储。3.capacity总是至少和vector的size一般大(capacity>=size)。4.通过在向vector插入元素之前增大capacity,可以减少很大的内存分配时间。*/package java.util;public class Vector<E>    extends AbstractList<E>    implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{//用来存储vector元素的数组,vector的captcity等于数组的lengthprotected Object[] elementData;//vector中实际存在元素的数目protected int elementCount;/*1.capacity表示当需要存储空间大于capacity时,vector存储空间增大的数目2.当capacity<=0时,vector的capacity每次需要增长时,大小翻倍*/protected int capacityIncrement;//使用JDK 1.0.2得到的序列号private static final long serialVersionUID = -2767605614048989439L;/*1.初始化一个空的Vector2.initialCapacity表示vector的初始大小。3.capacityIncrement表示当vector溢出(overflow)时,capacity需要增加的数目*/public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) {        //Vector的直接父类AbstractList的构造函数为空,没有什么特别的意义super();//如果初始大小为负,抛出参数异常        if (initialCapacity < 0)            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+                                               initialCapacity);//初始化成员变量        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];        this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;    }//默认的capacityIncrement为0,表示vector大小需要增加时,采用double策略public Vector(int initialCapacity) {        this(initialCapacity, 0);    }//默认Vector的大小为10public Vector() {        this(10);    }public Vector(Collection<? extends E> c) {        //调用Collection子类的toArray方法elementData = c.toArray();        elementCount = elementData.length;        // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)/*1.Arrays.copyOf(U[] original, int newLength, Class<? extends T[]> newType) 复制指定的数组,截取或用 null 填充(如有必要),以使副本具有指定的长度。2.就是通过一系列方法将Colleciton的元素变成数组存到elementData中*/        if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, Object[].class);    }/*1.sysnchronized:从这里可以看出:vector线程安全,ArrayList不是线程同步的2.将elemetntData中的元素复制到anArray中*/public synchronized void copyInto(Object[] anArray) {//从指定源数组中复制一个数组,复制从指定的位置开始,到目标数组的指定位置结束。   System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, anArray, 0, elementCount);    }/*如果vector当前实际元素数目小于capacity,将vector缩小。常用于减少vector的存储空间*/public synchronized void trimToSize() {        /*1.在Vector和ArrayList的直接父类AbstractList中声明,表示集合容器结构上被修改的次数  通常用于线程并发中。(结构修改通常指改变容器size,以及使迭代器产生错误结果的情况)*/modCount++;        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;        if (elementCount < oldCapacity) {            elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);        }    }/*1.增大vector的大小,确保能存放至少minCapacity个元素*/public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {        if (minCapacity > 0) {            modCount++;            ensureCapacityHelper(minCapacity);//函数在下面        }    }private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code//如果当前的elementData.length(即capacity)小于参数mincapacity        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)            grow(minCapacity);//函数在下面    }/*The maximum size of array to allocate.有些VM需要在数组前加些头信息(header words )*/private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;    private void grow(int minCapacity) {        // overflow-conscious code        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;/*如果capacityIncrement>0,则新的capacity = 旧的capacity+capacityIncrement否则double*/        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?                                         capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)            newCapacity = minCapacity;//如果容量过大,进行异常处理        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);//函数在下面        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);    }private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow            throw new OutOfMemoryError();        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?            Integer.MAX_VALUE :            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;    }/*  1.如果小了,增大空间,用null填充  2.如果大了,减少空间,用null填充*/public synchronized void setSize(int newSize) {        modCount++;        if (newSize > elementCount) {            ensureCapacityHelper(newSize);        } else {            for (int i = newSize ; i < elementCount ; i++) {                elementData[i] = null;            }        }        elementCount = newSize;    }//capacity = elementData.length ,数据的容量大小(不是实际大小)public synchronized int capacity() {        return elementData.length;    }//vector的实际大小public synchronized int size() {        return elementCount;    }//是否为空public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {        return elementCount == 0;    }//  返回此vector的组件的枚举。public Enumeration<E> elements() {//内部类        return new Enumeration<E>() {            int count = 0;            public boolean hasMoreElements() {                return count < elementCount;            }            public E nextElement() {//锁机制                synchronized (Vector.this) {                    if (count < elementCount) {                        return elementData(count++);                    }                }                throw new NoSuchElementException("Vector Enumeration");            }        };    }//是否包含o对象public boolean contains(Object o) {        return indexOf(o, 0) >= 0;    }//o对象的位置public int indexOf(Object o) {        return indexOf(o, 0);    }//index为起始位置,返回-1表示不包含o对象public synchronized int indexOf(Object o, int index) {        if (o == null) {            for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = index ; i < elementCount ; i++)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }//o对象的最后位置public synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o) {        return lastIndexOf(o, elementCount-1);    }//反向查找,就是lastIndexOfpublic synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o, int index) {        if (index >= elementCount)            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= "+ elementCount);        if (o == null) {            for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--)                if (elementData[i]==null)                    return i;        } else {            for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--)                if (o.equals(elementData[i]))                    return i;        }        return -1;    }//返回指定位置对象public synchronized E elementAt(int index) {        if (index >= elementCount) {            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount);        }        return elementData(index);//还可以这样调用?!,这是个函数,在下面有    }//返回vector中第一个对象public synchronized E firstElement() {        if (elementCount == 0) {            throw new NoSuchElementException();        }        return elementData(0);    }//返回vector中第二个对象public synchronized E lastElement() {        if (elementCount == 0) {            throw new NoSuchElementException();        }        return elementData(elementCount - 1);}    //设置指定位置对象的值public synchronized void setElementAt(E obj, int index) {        if (index >= elementCount) {            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +                                                     elementCount);        }        elementData[index] = obj;    }//删除指定位置对象public synchronized void removeElementAt(int index) {        modCount++;        if (index >= elementCount) {            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +                                                     elementCount);        }        else if (index < 0) {            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);        }//得到删除位置到结尾之间的距离        int j = elementCount - index - 1;        if (j > 0) {            System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j);        }        elementCount--;//java中不必自己删除对象(用delete用习惯了),将对象置为null即可        elementData[elementCount] = null; /* to let gc do its work */    }public synchronized void insertElementAt(E obj, int index) {        modCount++;        if (index > elementCount) {            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index                                                     + " > " + elementCount);        }//扩大vector的存储空间        ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);//多了好多的拷贝时间呀        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, elementCount - index);        elementData[index] = obj;        elementCount++;    }//直接在末尾添加public synchronized void addElement(E obj) {        modCount++;        ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);        elementData[elementCount++] = obj;    }//先找到位置,在删除对象public synchronized boolean removeElement(Object obj) {        modCount++;        int i = indexOf(obj);        if (i >= 0) {            removeElementAt(i);            return true;        }        return false;    }//将对象置为null,就可以删除对象了public synchronized void removeAllElements() {        modCount++;        // Let gc do its work        for (int i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)            elementData[i] = null;        elementCount = 0;    }//创建并返回此对象的一个副本(不是同一个对象了)public synchronized Object clone() {        try {            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")                Vector<E> v = (Vector<E>) super.clone();            v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);            v.modCount = 0;            return v;        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {            // this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable            throw new InternalError();        }    }//得到数组的表现形式public synchronized Object[] toArray() {        return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);    }//返回一个数组,包含此向量中以恰当顺序存放的所有元素;返回数组的运行时类型为指定数组的类型。@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    public synchronized <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {        if (a.length < elementCount)            return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, a.getClass());        System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, elementCount);        if (a.length > elementCount)            a[elementCount] = null;        return a;    }@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    E elementData(int index) {        return (E) elementData[index];}//直接获取public synchronized E get(int index) {        if (index >= elementCount)            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);        return elementData(index);    }//直接设置public synchronized E set(int index, E element) {        if (index >= elementCount)            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);        E oldValue = elementData(index);        elementData[index] = element;        return oldValue;    }//直接增加public synchronized boolean add(E e) {        modCount++;        ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);        elementData[elementCount++] = e;        return true;    }//移除第一个匹配项public boolean remove(Object o) {        return removeElement(o);    }public void add(int index, E element) {        insertElementAt(element, index);    }public synchronized E remove(int index) {        modCount++;        if (index >= elementCount)            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);        //保存旧的对象E oldValue = elementData(index);//将后面的对象往前移动        int numMoved = elementCount - index - 1;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,                             numMoved);        elementData[--elementCount] = null; // Let gc do its work        return oldValue;    }public void clear() {        removeAllElements();    }public synchronized boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {        return super.containsAll(c);    }//将指定 Collection 中的所有元素添加到此向量的末尾,按照指定 collection 的迭代器所返回的顺序添加这些元素。public synchronized boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {        modCount++;        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;        ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, elementCount, numNew);        elementCount += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }public synchronized boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {        return super.removeAll(c);    }public synchronized boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {        return super.retainAll(c);    }//在指定位置将指定 Collection 中的所有元素插入到此向量中。public synchronized boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {        modCount++;        if (index < 0 || index > elementCount)            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);        Object[] a = c.toArray();        int numNew = a.length;//首先扩大容量        ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);        int numMoved = elementCount - index;        if (numMoved > 0)            System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,                             numMoved);        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);        elementCount += numNew;        return numNew != 0;    }public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) {        return super.equals(o);    }public synchronized int hashCode() {        return super.hashCode();    }public synchronized String toString() {        return super.toString();    }public synchronized List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {        return Collections.synchronizedList(super.subList(fromIndex, toIndex),this);    }//从此 List 中移除其索引位于 fromIndex(包括)与 toIndex(不包括)之间的所有元素。protected synchronized void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {        modCount++;        int numMoved = elementCount - toIndex;//现将后面的对象移到前面来        System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,                         numMoved);        // Let gc do its work        int newElementCount = elementCount - (toIndex-fromIndex);        while (elementCount != newElementCount)            elementData[--elementCount] = null;    }private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)            throws java.io.IOException {        final java.io.ObjectOutputStream.PutField fields = s.putFields();        final Object[] data;        synchronized (this) {            fields.put("capacityIncrement", capacityIncrement);            fields.put("elementCount", elementCount);            data = elementData.clone();        }        fields.put("elementData", data);        s.writeFields();    }public synchronized ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) {        if (index < 0 || index > elementCount)            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index);        return new ListItr(index);//ListItr类在后面    }public synchronized ListIterator<E> listIterator() {        return new ListItr(0);    }public synchronized Iterator<E> iterator() {        return new Itr();//在后面    }//将迭代器类定义到Vector类的里面,这样迭代器就可以访问vector类的内部变量private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {        int cursor;       // index of next element to return        int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such//用于检查线程是否同步,如果线程不同步,它们两个的值不一样        int expectedModCount = modCount;        public boolean hasNext() {            // Racy but within spec, since modifications are checked            // within or after synchronization in next/previous            return cursor != elementCount;        }        public E next() {            synchronized (Vector.this) {//检查线程安全                checkForComodification();                int i = cursor;                if (i >= elementCount)                    throw new NoSuchElementException();//cursor保存下次要访问的位置                cursor = i + 1;//将最后依次访问的地址赋给lastRet(用于恢复)                return elementData(lastRet = i);            }        }        public void remove() {            if (lastRet == -1)                throw new IllegalStateException();            synchronized (Vector.this) {                checkForComodification();//实质是调用vector自己的remove方法                Vector.this.remove(lastRet);                expectedModCount = modCount;            }            cursor = lastRet;            lastRet = -1;        }        final void checkForComodification() {            if (modCount != expectedModCount)                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();        }    }//ListItr和Itr很像,基本上都是调用vector的方法final class ListItr extends Itr implements ListIterator<E> {        ListItr(int index) {            super();            cursor = index;        }        public boolean hasPrevious() {            return cursor != 0;//第二个元素之后的元素都有previous        }        public int nextIndex() {            return cursor;        }        public int previousIndex() {            return cursor - 1;        }        public E previous() {            synchronized (Vector.this) {                checkForComodification();                int i = cursor - 1;                if (i < 0)                    throw new NoSuchElementException();                cursor = i;                return elementData(lastRet = i);            }        }        public void set(E e) {            if (lastRet == -1)                throw new IllegalStateException();            synchronized (Vector.this) {                checkForComodification();                Vector.this.set(lastRet, e);            }        }        public void add(E e) {            int i = cursor;            synchronized (Vector.this) {                checkForComodification();                Vector.this.add(i, e);                expectedModCount = modCount;            }            cursor = i + 1;            lastRet = -1;        }    }    

个人体会:

1.认清两个重要参数capacity(等价于size、length啥的),capacityIncrement。注意当capacityIncrement<=0时,容器扩大一倍(double),否则容器增加capacityIncrement个大小。(一般都是扩大一倍)

2.最重要的操作就是数组的复制,最基本函数System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j)(这个函数在System类中只有定义,具体的实现在JVM中,大家可以自行查找资料)。不要管他的内部实现,面向对象嘛。然后注意一些参数变量的改变

3.迭代器类其实就是类似于一个代理,使用的都是vector的内部方法

4.vector类时线程安全的,主要靠synchronized (Vector.this) 这个对象锁或其他锁机制,以及检查修改次数modCount来实现。


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