objective-c中的本地化操作(序列化,归档)(十二)
holydancer原创,如需转载,请在显要位置注明:
转自holydancer的CSDN专栏,原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/holydancer/article/details/7371643
?
先介绍一个自定义类描述的方法description,一般情况下,一个自定义类我们在用%@输出的时候,给出的是一个内存地址,我们在该类的.m文件里重写description方法,来修改输出内容,呆会儿我们要用到这个方法来验证今天学习内容,所以先看一段代码熟悉一下:
Human.h:
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- ??
- @interface?Human?:?NSObject??
- {??
- ????int?age;??
- ????NSString?*name;??
- ????Human?*child;??
- }??
- ??
- @property?int?age;??
- @property?(copy)NSString?*name;??
- @property?(retain)Human?*child;??
- @end??
Human.m:
?
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?"Human.h"??
- ??
- @implementation?Human??
- @synthesize?age;??
- @synthesize?name;??
- @synthesize?child;??
- ??
- //-(NSString?*)description??
- //{??
- //????NSString?*des?=?[NSString?stringWithFormat:@"%d,%@,%@",age,name,child];??
- //????return?des;??
- //}??
- ??
- @end??
上面的重写描述被注释掉了,我们先看未修改前的输出:
?
main.m:
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- #import?"Human.h"??
- ??
- int?main(int?argc,?const?char?*?argv[])??
- {??
- ??
- ????@autoreleasepool?{??
- ????????Human?*human1=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????Human?*human2=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????human1.child=human2;??
- ????????human1.name=@"holydancer";??
- ????????human1.age=22;??
- ????????NSLog(@"%@",human1);??
- ??????????????
- ????}??
- ????return?0;??
- }??
?
?
2012-03-20 08:47:32.980 category[304:403] <Human: 0x7ff2cb414380>
?
如果把human.m中的注释去掉的话输出结果如下:
?
2012-03-20 08:48:09.869 category[315:403] 22,holydancer,0,(null),(null)
?
很简单吧,这样就可以查看自己定义类的内容了,好了,下面就让我们来研究一下在objective-c中如何实现序列化。
在OC中,有四类对象是可以直接使用writeToFile方法将内容写入磁盘的,分别是NSString,NSArray,NSDictionary,NSData.看代码:
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- #import?"Human.h"??
- ??
- int?main(int?argc,?const?char?*?argv[])??
- {??
- ??
- ????@autoreleasepool?{??
- ??????
- ????????NSData?*data=[[NSData?alloc]init];??
- ????????NSString?*string=[[NSString?alloc]init];??
- ????????NSArray?*array=[[NSArray?alloc]init];??
- ????????NSDictionary?*dictionary=[[NSDictionary?alloc]init];??
- ??????????????????
- ????????[data?writeToFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/text1.txt"?atomically:YES];??
- ????????[string?writeToFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/text2.txt"?atomically:YES];??
- ????????[array?writeToFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/text3.txt"?atomically:YES];??
- ????????[dictionary?writeToFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/text4.txt"?atomically:YES];??
- ????????//atomically参数是指是否将写入文件的内容开启保护机制,如果开启,会在复制时创建临时文件进行复制,以免写入失败破坏原始文件。安全,但是会消耗内存。??
- ????????//上面的文件地址,如果不存在的话会自动生成。有的话会覆盖原有文件内容。??????
- ????}??
- ????return?0;??
- }??
?
以上四种是COCOA自带可以写入磁盘文件的类型,但是我们常常用到自定义类,可是里面并没有writeToFile方法,怎么办呢?这时NSData的作用就体现出来了,我们可以把任意自定义类转化成NSData格式即可,这个过程我们称之为编码,或者archive归档,需要将自定义类实现NSCoding协议并重写encodeWithCoder和initWithCoder两个方法,分别用以编码和反编码。然后在编码时会用NSCoder的子类NSKeyedArchiver和NSKeyedUnarchiver分别调用archivedDataWithRootObject和unarchiveObjectWithData来启动自定义类中重写的那两个方法,类似于回调。看代码:
Human.h:
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- ??
- @interface?Human?:?NSObject<NSCoding>??
- {??
- ????int?age;??
- ????NSString?*name;??
- ????Human?*child;??
- }??
- ??
- @property?int?age;??
- @property?(copy)NSString?*name;??
- @property?(retain)Human?*child;??
- @end??
Human.m:
?
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?"Human.h"??
- ??
- @implementation?Human??
- @synthesize?age;??
- @synthesize?name;??
- @synthesize?child;??
- ??
- -(NSString?*)description??
- {??
- ????NSString?*des?=?[NSString?stringWithFormat:@"%d,%@,%@",age,name,child];??
- ????return?des;??
- }??
- -(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder?*)aCoder//要一一对应??
- {??
- ????[aCoder?encodeInt:age?forKey:@"age"];??
- ????[aCoder?encodeObject:name?forKey:@"name"];??
- ????[aCoder?encodeObject:child?forKey:@"child"];??
- }??
- -(id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder?*)aDecoder//和上面对应??
- {??
- ????if?(self=[super?init])?{??
- ????????self.age=[aDecoder?decodeIntForKey:@"age"];??
- ????????self.name=[aDecoder?decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];??
- ????????self.child=[aDecoder?decodeObjectForKey:@"child"];??
- ????}??
- ????return?self;??
- }??
- @end??
main.m:
?
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- #import?"Human.h"??
- #import?<Foundation/NSKeyedArchiver.h>??
- ??
- int?main(int?argc,?const?char?*?argv[])??
- {??
- ??
- ????@autoreleasepool?{??
- ??????
- ????????Human?*human1=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????Human?*human2=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????human1.age=20;??
- ????????human1.name=@"holydancer";??
- ????????human1.child=human2;??
- ????????//定义好自定义对象后使用NSCoding的子类调用archivedDataWithRootObject方法进行archive??
- ????????NSData?*data1=[NSKeyedArchiver?archivedDataWithRootObject:human1];??
- ????????//转成NSData类型后就可以写入本地磁盘了??
- ????????[data1?writeToFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/tmp.txt"?atomically:YES];??
- ????????//倒过来的话先读取磁盘文件??
- ????????NSData?*data2=[NSData?dataWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/tmp.txt"];??
- ????????Human?*human3=[NSKeyedUnarchiver?unarchiveObjectWithData:data2];??
- ????????NSLog(@"%@,%@",human1,human3);??
- ????}??
- ????return?0;??
- }??
?
?
2012-03-20 10:10:29.871 category[458:403]?
20,holydancer,0,(null),(null)
20,holydancer,0,(null),(null)
有的同学一直不太清楚NSKeyedArchiver和NSKeyedUnarchiver是什么,调用的又是什么方法,大家可以在头文件里找到这样的信息:
可以发现,NSKeyedArchiver是NSCoder的子类,而archivedDataWithRootObject是里面的一个类方法,这时我们看到archivedDataWithRootObject方法下在还有一个方法,不错,这个方法可以直接将自定义类写入本地磁盘,所以上在的代码我们还可以这样写:
?
[plain]?view plaincopy?- #import?<Foundation/Foundation.h>??
- #import?"Human.h"??
- #import?<Foundation/NSKeyedArchiver.h>??
- ??
- int?main(int?argc,?const?char?*?argv[])??
- {??
- ??
- ????@autoreleasepool?{??
- ??????
- ????????Human?*human1=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????Human?*human2=[[Human?alloc]init];??
- ????????human1.age=20;??
- ????????human1.name=@"holydancer";??
- ????????human1.child=human2;??
- ????????[NSKeyedArchiver?archiveRootObject:human1?toFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/tmp.txt"];//直接写入磁盘??
- ????????Human?*human3=[NSKeyedUnarchiver?unarchiveObjectWithFile:@"/Users/holydancer/Desktop/tmp.txt"];//从磁盘直接读取为id类型??
- ????????NSLog(@"\n%@\n%@",human1,human3);??
- ????}??
- ????return?0;??
- }??
?
2012-03-20 10:16:43.561 category[475:403]?
20,holydancer,0,(null),(null)
20,holydancer,0,(null),(null)
最后,不得不说说cocoa中的方法命名,一个一个方法长得,虽然很人性化很好记,不过敲起来真是麻烦啊。
?
关键字:objective-c ,objective c , oc ,本地化,序列化,归档,archive ,NSCoder ,NSCoding , NSKeyedArchiver ,NSKeyedUnarchiver