英语阅读理解解题方法之“蒙”（五）

学会应对阅读理解中的推理判断题

推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

推理判断题常见提问方式

1. The writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that ____.

2. It can be inferred（推断）from the passage that ____.

3. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

4. What does the author conclude about?

5. The passage is intended to _____.

6. The first paragraph of this passage is to _____.

7. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?

8. From the passage, we can learn/conclude that ______.

9. Which of the following might happen later?

10. The passage may be a/an _____.

11. Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?

做推理判断题的方法。

所谓推断，就是根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。即把有关的文字作为已知部分，从中推断出未知部分。据以推断的有关文字可能是词或句子，也可能是若干句子，甚至是全文。中考英语试题中的推断题主要有以下几种：

1. 抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

例：Mark Wellman showed that if you set your heart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dream impossible.

1. What can we learn from the passage?

A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

B. Dreams will come true in the end.

C. Each step is important to success.

D. Nothing can stop a strong will.

2. 利用作者的思想感情进行推断

作者在写作时，自然而然会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情色彩或思想倾向的措辞，领会作者的思想感情，一些考查观点态度的题目就迎刃而解了。

例：My whole life I have depended on the kindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot find them and say thank you. I do not even remember what the man’s face looked like, but he taught me a lesson — people are more important than things.

According to the passage, which word can best describe the man?

A. Rude. B. Funny. C. Silly. D. Kind.

例：I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in time to catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. …It was almost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, took hold of my bags quickly and hurried inside. “Paris train” was all I had time to say to the official (铁路职工) I saw. You can guess how I feel when he pointed to a train that was just moving out of the station.

How did the writer feel at Vienna station?

A. He felt lonely. B. He felt angry.

C. He felt surprised D. He felt sad.

3. 根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论

不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。

My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:-@ kids FTF, ILNY, its gr8.

Can you understand this sentence? If you can’t, don’t feel too bad: neither could the middle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This is Netspeak: …

What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?

A. To give an example of a foreign language.

B. To show an example of creative methods.

C. To express worries about using Netspeak.

D. To lead in the topic of Netspeak.

4. 结合常识进行推断

有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。

例：BEIJING (Xinhua) — Chinese have started to enjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). At the same time, competition between people has become stronger. According to the China’s Ministry of Personnel (人事部), about 170 million people will lose their jobs after the country has joined the WTO.

This passage is probably _____.

A. a story B. a note C. a letter D. a news report

5. 结合事实进行推断

事实推断这种推断常常针对某一个或几个具体细节，是比较简单的推断。进行这种推断，要先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行间的意思。例如

（2008年河南省中考题）：

We can infer（推断）from the story that?__________.

A. The baby eagle lost his mother

B. The baby eagle fell down and died

C. The baby eagle could get food himself

D. The baby eagle was still angry with his mother

在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：

The baby eagle fell down，faster and faster. He looked up at his mum，“Why do you abandon me?” He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly! He wasn’t moving to the ground any more. Instead，his eyes were pointed up at the sun. “You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.

根据这段文字，可以推断：小鹰能飞翔，再也不会掉在地上，可以自己觅食了。因此，正确答案应为C。

According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV?

A. You often play football with your friends after school.

B. Your teacher has got a cold.

C. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.

D. The bike in front of your house is lost.

在阅读材料中，有这样一段文字：

Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kind of danger and seem to be “bad” news.

根据这段文字，我们可以推断：电视报道的新闻故事必须是有趣的和不平常的。因此，正确答案应为C。

仔细阅读题目，弄清楚题目的具体要求，读懂选项内容，找出题目或选项中的关键词。然后，利用关键词返回到原文中，找出与原文相对应的句子。最后，将确定的句子与四个选项进行对照，应注意的是应该认真核对选项，慎重考虑，一定要根据原文句子进行匹配，千万不能想当然，凭空想象。建议大家在平时的阅读复习中形成一定的解题习惯，即使考试遇到什么样的类型，都能轻松解决。