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  Reading Comprehension

　　Directions: There are 10 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. You should decide on the best choice.

　　Passage 1

　　It doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.

　　One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you are reading.

　　Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is “No, thank you. I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off, both eager to look for exactly what you want.

　　It is quite the same with your studying. If you choose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.

　　This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Bennett happened to write about America. I am reading this article to find out.” Or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.

　　Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion, too.” Or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier, I’d better check that date.” Or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas --you do something else, and that something else is very important.

　　This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions.

　　Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.

　　1. If you cannot remember what you read or study, ______.

　　a. it is something natural so don’t feel surprised at it

　　b. it means that you have not really learned anything

　　c. it means that you have not chosen the right book

　　d. you might think what you read is not important

　　2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?

　　a. You should be clear about why you are going to read something.

　　b. You should relate the information you get to your purpose.

　　c. You should try your best to remember what you have read.

　　d. Before reading, you should try to choose an interesting book.

　　3. A good reader is one who ______.

　　a. relates what he reads to his knowledge about the subject matter

　　b. does a lot of thinking while he is reading a book

　　c. is able to check the facts presented against what he’s already known

　　d. takes a critical attitude to whatever he is going to read

　　4. Reading activity involves ______.

　　a. mainly drawing accurate inferences from what one reads

　　b. merely distinguishing facts and opinions

　　c. primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically

　　d. only two important processes going on at the same time

　　5. The author cites the example of the conversation between a reader and a clerk in a store to indicate that ______.

　　a. the clerk is certainly more familiar with everything in his store

　　b. one cannot get a desired result without an obvious purpose

　　c. it makes no difference what one reads if he remembers nothing

　　d. both the clerk and the reader should cooperate with each other

　　Passage 2

　　Psychology (心理学) is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.

　　Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideals. It is the result of one part of the brain called cerebrum (大脑). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing, and sleeping.

　　Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Wilhelm Wundth set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studied their reflexes (反射作用) and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good.

　　Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists. They are medical doctors who treat people.

　　6. A good title for this selection is _______________.

　　a. Studying the Mind.

　　b. Feelings and Behavior of Human Beings.

　　c. Psychology and Psychiatry.

　　d. Famous Psychologists.

　　7. "Some people are shy." (Line 3, Para 1)That means _____________.

　　a. They are modest.

　　b. They are quiet.

　　c. They never say a word.

　　d. They are ashamed

　　8. We may conclude that psychologists _________________.

　　a. study physical diseases as well.

　　b. deal with animals more often than with people.

　　c. are not medical doctors

　　d. are interested in things that make you sad

　　9. Pavlov worked with ______________.

　　a. people.

　　b. dogs.

　　c. mental illness.

　　d. abnormal behavior.

　　10. The cerebrum controls ___________________.

　　a. the mind.

　　b. the body.

　　c. the whole brain

　　d. the field of psychology.

　　Passage 3

　　Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

　　Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with the fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn, and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

　　11. Which of the following best summarizes this passage?

　　a. When language is a barrier, people will find other forms of communication.

　　b. Everybody uses only one form of communication.

　　c. Nonlinguistic language is invaluable to foreigners.

　　d. Although other forms of communication exist, verbalization is the fastest.

　　12. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?

　　a There are many forms of communication in existence today.

　　b. Verbalization is the most common form of communication.

　　c. The deaf and mute do not need sign language for communication.

　　d. Ideas and thoughts can be transmitted by language.

　　13. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?

　　a. Picture signs. c. Body language.

　　b. Braille. d. Signal flags.

　　14. How many different forms of communication are mentioned here?

　　a. 2 — 4 c. 8 — 10

　　b. 5 — 7 d. Over 10

　　15. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally as it doesn't represent _____.

　　a. spellings c. ideas

　　b. whole words d. feelings

　　Passage 4

　　Computers are very versatile. They can do many things: teaching, playing games, or helping with a business, so choosing a computer is not an easy, simple job. But if you follow these steps, you will find it easier.

　　First, decide on the main reasons why you want a computer. Is this computer very useful for you? Is it the most important reason to play games or to help with business or to help with your school work?

　　Second, look carefully at the programs computer can use. Some people also write their own programs. If you want to write your own, it is important to look at the computer language. Is it easy to learn?

　　Third, decide the smallest, or the least needs you have for your computer. What are the characteristics you would like to have? For example, do you want a typewriter key board? Is a color display important to you? Your use of computer will help you decide which characteristics are necessary, which are nice, and which are unnecessary.

　　Fourth, when you have limited your choices to a few computers, look at the secondary uses and programs. For example, if your main reason for buying a home computer is to play games, you may take computer A instead of computer B because computer A also can be used as a word professor.

　　Fifth, think of the price. There are prices to think about. The first price is the price you must pay to take the computer home. The second is the price of additional programs and possible additions that you might want to buy at a later date.

　　Be sure to try out the computer before you buy it. Sales people at computer shops are happy to help you choose the computer that will best fit your needs and cost you least.

　　16. The author of the passage mainly attempts to .

　　a. inform readers of some new uses of computers

　　b. introduce readers some tips in choosing and purchasing computers

　　c. tell readers how computers can best be made use of

　　d. discuss what readers can do on home computers

　　17. The first sentence “Computers are versatile.”(Para.1)means computers .

　　a. can be used in many ways

　　b. are very expensive

　　c. are very interesting to play with

　　d. are very useful at home

　　18. Which step is the most important for you to buy a good computer?

　　a. The first step.

　　b. The last step

　　c. The fifth step

　　d. The second step

　　19. The word “characteristic” in Paragraph 4 might be replaced by .

　　a. functions

　　b. uses

　　c. chances

　　d. possibilities

　　20. According to the last paragraph, when you buy computers, the shop assistants are __________.

　　a. excited

　　b. impolite

　　c. deceptive

　　d. trustful

　　Passage 5

　　For most Americans, the 1930’s was a decade of suffering hard times. The stock market collapse of 1929 triggered what came to be known as the Great Depression. By 1933, it’s estimated the 1/4 of the labor force was out of work in the United States alone. A sense of hopelessness and fear gripped the nation. Many people went hungry. Bread lines and soup kitchens operated by charity became commonplace. On the Great Plains, a terrible drought wiped out thousands of farms. The region became known as the Dust Bowl. In 1932 presidential candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt told voters that things had to change.

　　“I pledge myself to a New Deal for the American people.”

　　The New Deal put thousands of people back to work. Nevertheless, hard times continued for most Americans until the outbreak of World War II when American factory production geared up (作好安排) fully for the war.

　　The 1940’s was a decade dominated by a vast world war that raged through Europe, Asia and North Africa. On Dec. 7th, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the United States’ entry into that great conflict.

　　“A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.”

　　Fifteen million men and women joined the armed forces. In the factories women and retired workers took over for men to fuel the war effort. Americans turned the tide in favor of the Allies. In May 1945, Germany surrendered. Three months later Japan surrendered in the aftermath(后果) of two atomic bombs. As the decade drew to a close, the demand for consumer goods, brought on by wartime shortages, helped create a prosperous economy.

　　21. What triggered the Great Depression?

　　a. The presidential election.

　　b. The stock market collapse of 1929.

　　c. A decade of hard times.

　　d. Working people’s poverty.

　　22. Which of the following may not be the result of the Great Depression?

　　a. Many people went hungry.

　　b. People felt hopeless.

　　c. Soup kitchens operated by charity became commonplace.

　　d. Drought on the Great Plains wiped out thousands of farms.

　　23. What result did the New Deal bring?

　　a.. Thousands of people went back to work.

　　b. More people became jobless.

　　c. Great changes took place.

　　d. World War II broke out.

　　24. When did President Roosevelt announce the United States’ entry into that war?

　　a. On Dec. 7th, 1940.

　　b. On Dec. 17th, 1940.

　　c. On Dec. 7th, 1941.

　　d. On Dec. 17th, 1941.

　　25. What helped create a prosperous economy in America?

　　a. The demand for and shortages of consumer goods.

　　b. Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal.

　　c. Germany and Japan’s surrender.

　　d. United States’ factory production.

　　Passage 6

　　College brings together people from all walks of life. There are so many different types of people in the world but if you go to a college campus, you are sure to find at least one of every kind. The great part about being here with so many different people is that you get to interact with some interesting characters and see how to deal with them. You will meet the people you dread the most, the smart-ass, the brain, or the unique spirit, but no matter who it is that is your worst nightmare to be around you will always be paired up with them in a group project. When you get into the real world you are not going to be able to pick your boss or coworkers. Interacting with these people in college and living with different roommates will help you learn how to cooperate with the people in life you find so unpleasant. College life is fun. The fact that I have been here for a short time just means it has not yet been a life changing experience to me. If I were to give any tips on how to survive, it would not be how to survive college, but how to survive life. I would have to say that one should be outgoing and live life to the fullest. Meet new people whenever you can because they just may be a major influence in your life. Also, get your work done before you go out and party. Lastly, I would have to say, in life if you ever feel lost or alone, talk to someone about it. Everyone gets depressed at times in their life and there is always someone who will listen to your problems.

　　26What is the theme of the passage?

　　a. Relationships in college. c. Freedom in college.

　　b. Homework in college. d. Partying in college.

　　27What does the author say about group projects?

　　a. They are always unpleasant. c. Partners may not cooperate.

　　b. They are always difficult. d. Partners may be lazy.

　　28Why does the author recommend meeting many new people?

　　a. They may become your best friends. c. They may help you someday.

　　b. They may influence your life. d. They make your life more fun.

　　29How would you describe the author's personality?

　　a. Shy and under confident. c. Extremely pessimistic.

　　b. Strong but quiet. d. Optimistic and outgoing.

　　30What does the author say to do if you're depressed?

　　a. Go somewhere by yourself. c. Try to forget about it.

　　b. Talk to someone about it. d. See a psychologist immediately.

　　Passage 7

　　A well-balanced life is necessary to live in today's world. Without a well-balanced life a person can neither function properly nor develop into a well-rounded individual. Without some sort of balance in life people tend to be unfulfilled and unhappy.

　　I've experienced great stress in my study and work. And I've tried every means to adjust myself and relieve my stress. Finally I found a way out in my leisure time. Leisure time is very important and necessary for me. Without it I am sure I would go insane. I spend most of my extra time reading, listening to music, talking to my real life friends, or talking on the Internet with people I meet. I really enjoy going out into a quiet place and reading poetry or books by Walt Whitman and Robert Frost. If I did not make time for all of this I would not be able to handle everything else in life. Along with reading to relax, listening to music is very important to me. If I feel sad, I listen to slow songs, while if I am happy I like listening to fast songs. Music is the universal language and it can express different feelings. It can relate to the soul, or in fact I think it is the soul of feelings.

　　My real life friends and my Internet friends are also part of my leisure and social time. Friends have always been important to me. They are the backbone in everything I do. The good friends that I have are always there for me in every situation I am in. Without them I would not have led a healthy, balanced life. Not so long ago I went through a short time of depression. I fell behind in all my work and stopped talking to my friends. After a week of acting this way, one of my good friends pulled me aside and invited me to go for a walk with her. We talked about what was going on in my life and she helped me to figure out what I wanted to do. I do not know what would have happened if she had not been there.

　　Many things add to having a well-balanced life. Stress can be a very dangerous and tiresome experience. It can lead to depression and unhappiness. But when it happens, you can do something other than wait, like talking to your friends or listening to music. Then you may not think you should have been so stressed and depressed.

　　A well-balanced life is important to maintain. Without some sort of balance it is hard to get by in everyday life. And the creative use of leisure time plays a vital role.

　　31. What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?

　　a. A well-balanced life is not easy to have in today’s world.

　　b. She has experiences great stress in her study and work.

　　c. Satisfying work is crucial to having a well-balanced life

　　d. Leisure time plays a vital role in maintaining a well-balanced life

　　32. What does the author mean by saying “Finally I found a way out in my leisure time” (Line 2, Para. 2)?

　　a. She found leisure time could help relieve her stress and maintain a well-balanced life.

　　b. She found a way to enjoy herself in her leisure time.

　　c. She got to know how to spend her leisure time.

　　d. She came to understand what “a well-balanced life” means.

　　33. When does the author listen to slow music?

　　a. When she is happy.

　　b. When she is lonely.

　　c. When she is sad.

　　d. When she is trying to work.

　　34. How important are good friends to the author?

　　a. They usually help her lift the physical burden with their strong backbone.

　　b. They support her in everything she does and help her in every situation she is in.

　　c. They often pull her aside and invite her to go for a walk.

　　d. They will do everything that she wants them to do.

　　35. What main suggestion does the author gives in the passage on how to relieve stress?

　　a. Talking to friends

　　b. Listening to music

　　c. Reading poetry

　　d. Pursuing some leisure activities

　　Passage 8

　　Under normal conditions, the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols that mean the same to the sender and the receiver.

　　The means of communication are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touching seem to play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of sings and symbols.

　　Examples of visual communication are gesture and imitation. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf, and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing light. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand-stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.

　　The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.

　　36. Reception of communication ___________

　　a. is more important than sending messages

　　b. depends on two persons

　　c. involves use of the senses

　　d play only limited roles

　　37. Applauding is specifically mentioned as an example of __________.

　　a. communication by sound

　　b. gesture and imitation

　　c. communication by sending a message

　　d. communication between the listener and speaker

　　38. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through_________.

　　a. gesturing 　　　　 c. smelling

　　b. handshaking　　　　 d. hand-stroking

　　39. The author specifically mentions that speech is ____________ .

　　a. often used when other means are impossible

　　b. necessary for normal communication

　　c. the only highly developed system of communication

　　d. the most developed form of communication based on hearing

　　40. According to the passage, means of communication __________.

　　a. can develop quickly if there is enough time and space/

　　b. all have the same features

　　c. have some limitations even if they are fully developed

　　d depend on the persons involved

　　Passage 9

　　Advertising has become more and more popular in modern times. In the business world of today, supply is usually greater than demand. There is great competition between different manufacturers of the same kind of product to persuade customers to buy their own particular brand. They always remind the consumer of the name and the qualities of their products. They do this by advertising. The manufacturer advertises in the newspapers and on posters. He sometimes pays for songs about his product in commercial radio programs. He employs pretty salesgirls to distribute samples of it. He organizes competitions, with prizes for the winners. He often advertises on the screens of local cinemas. Most important of all, in countries that have television he has advertisements put into programs that will accept them. Manufacturers often spend large sums of money on advertisement.

　　We buy a particular product because we think that it is the best. We usually think so because of the advertisements that say so. However, some people never pause to ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth.

　　41. How many kinds of advertisements are mentioned in the passage?

　　a. 7 b. 5 c. 4 d. 6

　　42. According to the passage which of the following is NOT true?

　　a. Some people never have any doubts about what advertisements tell them.

　　b. Competition exists between different manufacturers of the same products.

　　c. The customer usually demands more than the manufacturer can supply.

　　d. The manufacturer wants to persuade customers to buy his own brand.

　　43. The underlined part “do this”(Line 4, paragraph 1) refers to _____________.

　　a. Advertising in the newspapers

　　b. Reminding people of their products

　　c. Employing attractive salesgirls to distribute samples

　　d. Organizing competitions with prizes for the winners

　　44. From the passage, we know if a customer buys a particular brand, he thinks that_________.

　　a. he can get a prize b. it is at the reasonable price

　　c. there is a competition d. it is the best product

　　45. Which of the following can be a best title for the passage?

　　a. Advertising b. Supply and demand

　　c. The manufacturer and the customer d. The result of advertisements

　　Passage 10

　　A great French writer has ever said that we should help everyone as possible as we can because we often need help ourselves. The small can even help the great. To this effect, he tells us the following story.

　　An ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant, almost exhausted, was still bravely trying her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus she reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass she heard a man approaching. The man was walking along barefooted and carrying a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove he wished to kill her, and he would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what was biting him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an insect much weaker and smaller than herself that he had saved her life.

　　46. Where was the ant making desperate efforts?

　　a. Near a stream. b. In the water

　　c. On the bank. d. In front of a hunter.

　　47. The ant tried to reach the side _____________.

　　a. and went away b. but failed

　　c. but give up d. and made progress

　　48. The ant finally reached the bank __________.

　　a. with the help of a raft b. with the help of a blade of grass

　　c. on the dove’s back d. by jumping

　　49. How did the ant save the dove?

　　a. By biting the man in the foot b. By raising his gun upward

　　c. With the help of an animal d. By telling her to fly away

　　50. The moral of this story is ____________.

　　a. a friend in need is a friend indeed b. the ant is really a helpful animal

　　c. the small should help the great d. do not neglect any help by the small