二、英译汉概要(二) 
 
(二)句子层面
1、调整结构
He spoke with understandable pride of his experience.
他自豪地讲起他的经历,这是可以理解的。
2、加词解释
(1)意义或修饰上增词
Enclosed is our latest catalogue.
随函附上我们最新的商品目录。
Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or
country to capture the market. 贸易战是一个公司或国家为占领市场而做出无情的决定引起的。(增加了动词“做出”)
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义呀!(增加了形容词“高的”)
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美。(增加了形容词前的名词)
The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.
两国在军事、政治和经济等方面进行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的词)
(2)句法上增词
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。(增加了省略的动词)
3、减词省略
We live and learn.
活到老,学到老。(省略了泛指人称代词we)
汉语词语之间多是意合关系,而英语则是形合关系,因此英译汉时连词常省略。
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。(省略了时间连词when)
一般来说,表示时间和地点的介词,译成汉语如出现在句首,大多可以省略不译。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949.
1949年10月中华人民共和国成立。(省略表时间的介词)
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
公共场所不许吸烟。(省略表地点的介词)
英译汉练习
原文1(P264)
①Globalization has been driven by policies (that have opened economies domestically and internationally). ②In the years since World War II , and especially during the past two decades, many governments have adopted
free-market economic systems, vastly increasing their own productive potential and creating myriad new opportunities (for international trade and investment). Governments have also negotiated dramatic reductions in barriers to each other’s commerce, ③further stimulating international trade and investment. ④Taking advantage of new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have built foreign factories and established production and marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A defining feature of globalization is an international industrial structure in which thousands of the world’s largest corporations maintain operations in multiple countries.
参考译文
全球化发展的动力来自于各个国家在国内外所实行的经济开放政策。在第二次世界大战后的岁月里,特别是在过去的20年中,许多政府实行了自由市场经济体制,极大地增强了自身的生产潜力,创造出了许多新的国际贸易与投资机会。各国政府也通过谈判在相互的商业往来中大幅度消除了许多贸易壁垒,从而进一步刺激了国际贸易与投资的发展。跨国公司利用国外市场的各种新机会,与他们的国外合作伙伴一起,在国外建立起工厂以及生产和销售系统。全球化的一个固有特点是其产业结构的国际化,在此结构下,成千上万的世界级大公司在诸多不同的国家开展业务活动。
说明:
(1)myriad 无数的,种种的
(2)a defining feature of globalization: defining 是动词define
的变体,意为“阐释描述……的性质或基本特征”,此处修饰feature, 该短语意为“全球化的一个固有特点”
(3)industrial structure 产业结构