BEC高级精讲班第4讲讲义
Home work review
1. Self-study 2a.
(1)
peak
level off (out)
general upward trend
fluctuate
bottom out
recover/improve
(2) shares, flotation, broker, investment, listings, commission, merger, dividends
2.
Comparison of performance of Scorpio and West End shares
The issue price of shares in Scorpio was US$6 in late 1986. The price then rose, but fell dramatically at the end of 1987. Prices recovered slightly in 1988, but were still below the issue price. They fell again and recovered to reach the issue price in late 1988 when the company was bought back.
The issue price of shares in the West End Group was just over US$5 in January 1986. Despite a couple of falls, the price rose steadily throughout the late1980’s and never fell below the issue price. The buy-back in mid-1990 was almost four times the issue price.
West End shares performed much better than Scorpio’s.
(111 words)
3. 英语书面表达能力的提高---请比较
(1)
---We should regularly hold training programmes.
---Training should be held on a regular basis in our company.
(2)
---What they need to do is to sell our new tea drinks.
---They will be responsible for the sales of our new tea drinks.
(3)
---The knowledge of employees should be renewed.
---Knowledge of new products, therefore, should be increased accordingly.
(4)
---Based on the investigation amongst the staff, what they need anxiously is culture diversity among countries
---A recent staff survey indicates that culture diversity is required to be aware of.
(5)
---As the period is just one day, the contents couldn’t be too much.
---The content of the course should be highly selective due to its short time limit.
II. Vocabulary study
erode/erosion
Foxconn International Holdings, which aims to raise up to $3.37 billion via a Hong Kong listing, has highlighted competition and margin erosion risk on the eve of its public offering.
Both Goldman Sachs and UBS, joint sponsors for Foxconn’s main board listing plan, are forecasting the handset maker’s profit margins will continue to erode in the coming two years, although the pace of erosion may ease.
erode verb also erode away [intransitive and transitive]
1 if the weather erodes rock or soil, or if rock or soil erodes, its surface is gradually destroyed 腐蚀
The cliffs are being constantly eroded by heavy seas.
The rocks have gradually eroded away.
2 to gradually reduce something such as someone’s power or confidence
Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded away. 我们的个人自由正在逐渐被削弱。
Repeated exam failure had eroded her confidence. 考试成绩总是不合格挫败了她的自尊心。
erosion noun [uncountable]
1 the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea
the problem of soil erosion the erosion of the coastline
2 the process by which something is gradually reduced or destroyed
erosion of
the gradual erosion of our civil liberties 我们的公民自由权被减弱
Foxconn chairman Samuel Chin blames cutthroat competition in the industry for creating far slimmer profits.
cut-throat adjective [usually before noun]
a cut-throat activity or business involves people competing with each other in an unpleasant way 竞争惨烈的
Cut-throat competition is keeping prices low. 惨烈的竞争让价格很低。
the cut-throat world of advertising 竞争激烈的广告界
slim adjective
comparative slimmer
superlative slimmest
1 someone who is slim is attractively thin
ￚsynonym slender
a slim young woman
a slim waist
2 very small in amount or number
ￚsynonym slender
There’s only a slim chance that anyone survived the crash.
The Republicans held a slim majority in the Senate.
3 not wide or thick
a slim volume of poetry
decline
Like many other handset manufacturers, Foxconn has been experiencing sharp declines in profit margins.
Contract
UBS forecasts Foxconn’s gross profit margins for this year and next year are expected to contract to 8.1 per cent and 7.5 percent, respectively.
contract verb
1 [intransitive] to become smaller or narrower收缩，减少
ￚopposite expand
Metal contracts as it cools.
The economy has contracted by 2.5%.
2 [transitive] formal to get an illness 患病
Two-thirds of the adult population there has contracted AIDS.
3 [intransitive and transitive] to sign a contract in which you agree formally that you will do something or someone will do something for you 签署合同
contract (somebody) to do something
They are contracted to work 35 hours a week.
the company that had been contracted to build the models
Subscription
Its shares are open for public subscription today through Thursday.
subscribe verb
1 [intransitive] to pay money, usually once a year, to have copies of a newspaper or magazine sent to you, or to have some other service 订阅杂志、报纸
subscribe to
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
2 [intransitive] British English to pay money regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work 定期付费成为某组织会员、或为其服务
subscribe to
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
3 [intransitive] to agree to buy or pay for shares 申购股票
subscribe for
Each employee may subscribe for up to ￡2,000 worth of shares.
subscribe to something phrasal verb
if you subscribe to an idea, you agree with it or support it 支持想法
subscribe to the view/belief/theory etc
I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
subscription noun
1 [uncountable and countable] an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive copies of a newspaper or magazine, or receive a service, or the act of paying money for this 订阅杂志、报纸
subscription to
Are you interested in taking out a subscription to Newsweek (=arranging to buy it on a regular basis)? 你对办理订阅《每周新闻》杂志感兴趣吗?
You may cancel your subscription at any time.
I’ve decided not to renew my subscription. 我决定不再续订。
2 [uncountable and countable] British English an amount of money you pay regularly to be a member of an organization or to help its work, or the act of paying money for this 定期向某组织付费或帮助其工作
subscription to
a subscription to Amnesty International
3 [uncountable] when people in a country or place give money in order to pay for something to be done 资助
The church’s 120 foot gothic spire was paid for by public subscription in 1939.
Price-to-earning ratio
The largest exporting business of its kind in China is offering 37.5 million shares to Hong Kong retail investors at between $1.69 and $2.04 until Thursday, representing a price-to-earning ratio of 10.8 times to 13 times.
Institutional investor机构投资者
开始交易
Shares of the company will commence trading on February 3.
Shares are scheduled to begin trading on February 3
分红
the management yesterday said the company would distribute 30 per cent of its earnings to shareholders in May.
图表写作
(1)倍数的表达
A 42-fold increase in seizures of counterfeit $500 notes since 2002 has prompted a police warning in the lead-up to the Lunar New Year.
And they said that the quality of fakes was also on the rise.
lead-up noun [singular]
the things that are done in the time before an important event 前导，准备
ￚsynonym run-up
the lead-up to the election
-fold suffix
1 [in adjectives] of a particular number of kinds …方面
The government’s role in healthcare is twofold: first, to provide the resources and, second, to make them work better for patients.
2 [in adverbs] a particular number of times 倍数
The value of the house has increased fourfold (=it is now worth four times as much as before).
1. X times +as形容词或副词原形as
A is twice as long as B.
Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminium.
This substance reacts three times as fast as the other one.
以上情况译为:
A…..是B的X倍. 或净增加X-1倍.
2. X times + 形容词或副词的比较级+than…
A is three times greater than B. 大三倍
Yours is ten times larger than mine. 大十倍
C is twice less than D. 是三分之一
3. X times + the size (length, width, value, level) of
This river is twice the width of that river. 宽一倍 (是两倍)
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 49倍
Morgan Stanley said on September 13 that its investment in property in China this yar would be four times the level of last year.
(2) 图表写作的开头段和结尾段
学员目前所学内容只是针对图表本身，而没有介绍图表的来龙去脉并在文章的最后做收尾工作。在这节中，我们将把这种描述在进一步的完善。
一、主题句的写法
在考试题目要求的第一项内容中往往是针对该图表的内容作总结性介绍。比如：我们在该章第一单元的练习中碰到了这样一道题，它的题目要求是这样表达的：
l The graph below shows development in the ownership of mobile telephones as percentage of all telephones owned.
l Using the information from the graph, write a short report on changes in telephone ownership.
第一项内容中说到下面的这幅图表显示手机在所有电话所占比例的情况。因此考生在开始描述图表中的趋势变化之前应该单独书写一段起始段，告诉读者你要描述的是一幅有关哪个方面的图表。书写这样的起始段有以下一些规律可以遵循。
(1)起始句可以遵循下面的一些模式性套话。
Type of chartAppropriate verbDescription
Theillustration
line graph
pie chart
bar chart
tableshows
illustrates
presentsthe number of …
the proportion of …
information on…
data on …
(1)尽量用自己的语言将题目要求和图表主题归纳出来。如果你将题目的要求或图表的主题逐字照搬，这样的做法会影响到你的分数。为了避免原文照搬，下面有几条建议：
方法一 —— 简单改变措辞。
题目要求：
The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories.
主题句可以改写为：
The two pie charts show the proportion of men and women employed in 6 broad categories.
方法二 —— 改变结构。
题目要求：
The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broad categories.
主题句可以改写为：
The two pie charts show, in 6 broad categories, the proportion of males and females in employment.
方法三 —— 改变时间状语的表达方法。
题目要求：
The graph shows the total grain harvest area in millions of hectares between 1950 and 1996.
主题句可以改写为：
The graph shows the total grain harvest area in millions of hectares over a 36-year period.
一、结束语的写法
为了让读者知道你的写作结束，你应该使用一些明显提示性的语句。下面就是一些可供大家参考的语句。
ExpressionWhat to write
In summary, …
To sum up, …
重申上面提到的内容。
Express the main points of the illustration again in your own words.
In conclusion, …
To conclude, …
对上面还未提及的内容作总结性概括。
Say something new that does not extend too far beyond what the illustration shows.
在写结束语时，中国考生还容易犯一个错误，就是对图表传达出来的信息做臆测。也就是说很多中国学生在结尾句中发表没有太多依据的主观看法。这样的结尾句写得就有问题，希望能够引起考生的注意。
下面请学员多看主题句和结束语的例证。
例一：
l The graphs below the changing share prices of two private companies that went public and issued shares on the stock exchange. Both companies were eventually bought back by their previous owners.
l Using the information from the graphs, write a short report describing the general movement of the share prices and comparing the performance of the two companies between the issue date and the buy-back date.
起始段
The graphs show the changing share prices of Scorpio Group and West End Group, from the date when they went public to the date when they were eventually bought back.
中间两段描述略
结束语
The shares of West End Group performed much better than Scorpio Group.
例二：
l The two pie charts below show a) the three main types of shop which sell your company’s products, and b) the proportion of your sales that each type of shop handle in 1994 and 1995.
l Using the information from the charts, write a short report which describes the situation in 1994 and compares it with the situation in 1995.
起始段
The two pie charts present the proportion of sales made in three types of shop between 1994 and 1995.
中间段略
结束语
The figures show that the large Supermarkets/ Hypermarkets took more of our goods than our other retailers and their sales represented well over 50% of our total sales.
IV. Understanding mergers
1. Speaking.
Possible reasons:
to reduce costs, to expand the company, to enter new markets, to buy market share, to buy brands or patents, to buy a distribution channel, to complement a product portfolio
patent noun [uncountable and countable] a special document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product that no one else is allowed to copy 专利文件
patent on/for
He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint. 他为他研制的新型去除油漆的方法而申请专利。
He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin. 他想为他研制的新型垃圾桶而办理专利手续。
The drugs are protected by patent. 这种要受专利法保护。
complement verb [transitive]
to make a good combination with someone or something else 补充，结合
John and Bob complemented each other extremely well. 约翰和鲍波配合得特别好。
The dark red walls complement the red leather chairs. 深红色的墙与红色的皮椅相得益彰。
portfolio noun[countable]
plural portfolios
1 a large flat case used especially for carrying pictures, documents etc文件夹;公事包
2 a set of pictures or other pieces of work that an artist, photographer etc has done
(艺术家等的)代表作
You’ll need to prepare a portfolio of your work. 你需要准备一套你的作品选集。
3 a group of stocks owned by a particular person or company (公司或个人的)投资组合
an investment portfolio 投资组合
4 British English the work that a particular government official is responsible for部长[大臣]的职位
the foreign affairs portfolio外交部长的工作
Possible problems
A hostile takeover may lead to resentment, the difficulty of combining different company/national cultures, job losses due to restructuring, the merger may be referred to a monopolies commission
hostile adjective
1 angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone and ready to argue with them 充满敌意的
Southampton fans gave their former coach a hostile reception.
his hostile attitude
hostile to/towards
The boy feels hostile towards his father.
2 opposing a plan or idea very strongly 强烈反对的
hostile to/towards
Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.
3 belonging to an enemy 敌方的
hostile territory
4 used to describe conditions that are difficult to live in, or that make it difficult to achieve something困难的
hostile environment/climate/terrain etc
a guide to surviving in even the most hostile terrain
Sales increased last year despite the hostile economic environment. 销售额在去年困难的经济环境下还是有了增长。
5 hostile takeover/bid
a situation in which a company tries to buy another company which does not want to be bought 恶意收购/竞标
resent verb [transitive]
to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair 感到愤怒、沮丧
resent (somebody) doing something
I resented having to work such long hours. 我对工作这么长时间感到愤怒。
bitterly/deeply/strongly resent
She bitterly resented his mother’s influence over him. 她非常讨厌他妈妈对他产生的影响。
Paul resented the fact that Carol didn’t trust him. 保罗对于凯罗不信任他而感到生气。
resentment noun [uncountable]
a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair愤怒;憎恨
ￚ同义词 bitterness
resentment at/against/of etc
She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion. 她对于此次低于她级别的人得到了提升机会而在心中充满了深深的愤恨。
feel/harbour/bear resentment
He felt considerable resentment towards Sheila for making him work late. 他对于舍拉让他加班至深夜而深感不满。
resentful adjective
feeling angry and upset about something that you think is unfair 愤怒的，憎恨的
ￚsynonym bitter
resentful of/about/at etc
She felt resentful at not being promoted. 她对于未能被提升而感到愤怒。
ￚresentfully adverb
ￚresentfulness noun [uncountable]
restructure verb [transitive]
to change the way in which something such as a government, business, or system is organized 重组
proposals to radically restructure Britain’s electronics industry 针对英国电子行业巨大重组的提议
ￚrestructuring noun [uncountable and countable]
the major restructuring of our armed forces 对于我们武装部队的大规模重组
monopoly noun
plural monopolies
1 [countable] if a company or government has a monopoly of a business or political activity, it has complete control of it so that other organizations cannot compete with it 垄断
monopoly of
They are demanding an end to the Communist Party’s monopoly of power. 他们要求共产党终止对权力的垄断。
the state monopoly of television 国家对于电视的垄断
monopoly on/in
For years Bell Telephone had a monopoly on telephone services in the US. 几年来，贝尔电话公司在美国的电话服务行业中一直处于垄断地位。
a monopoly in copper trading 对铜业贸易的垄断
2 [countable] a large company that controls all or most of a business activity 垄断企业
The company will become a state-owned monopoly. 这家企业将变成一家国有的垄断企业。
新闻标题中的生词
Monopolies and Mergers Commission, the 英国政府的组织机构：垄断和兼并委员会
a British government organization whose job is to examine cases where two companies plan to merge (=join together to form a larger company) , and to decide whether this would be bad for other businesses and for ordinary customers. There is a similar organization in the US called the FTC (=the Federal Trade Commission). 美国也有相似的组织，叫做联邦贸易委员会
clear verb
▶PERMISSION◀
[transitive]
a) to give or get official permission for something to be done 允许或获得许可
He was cleared by doctors to resume skating in August. 医生们允许他在8月份恢复滑冰。
clear something with somebody
Defence policies must often be cleared with NATO allies first. 防卫政策必须首先得到北约组织的首可。
b) to give official permission for a person, ship, or aircraft to enter or leave a country 允许某人、商店或飞行器离开、起飞
The plane took off as soon as it was cleared. 飞机在得到可以起飞的指令后起飞了。
pharmaceutical adjective [only before noun]
relating to the production of drugs and medicines 与制药有关的
the pharmaceutical industry 制药行业
pharmaceutical products 药品
pharmaceuticals noun [plural] technical
drugs and medicines 医药的总称
2. Reading.
Business file: the magic of the merger
trillion number
plural trillion or trillions
1 the number 1,000,000,000,000 兆，万亿
In a short time the number of cells is more than a trillion.
two/three/four etc trillion $5.3 trillion
Japan’s exports were worth $43 trillion last year.
trillions of pounds/dollars etc the trillions of dollars in the bond markets
2 informal an extremely large number of people or things 无数的
a trillion
a shirt with a trillion holes in it
trillions of
We’ve made this mistake trillions of times before.
plummet verb also plummet down [intransitive]
1 to suddenly and quickly decrease in value or amount 急剧下降
ￚsynonym plunge
plummet from something to something
Profits plummeted from ￡49 million to ￡11 million.
House prices have plummeted down.
2 to fall suddenly and quickly from a very high place 从高处突然快速下降
ￚsynonym plunge
The plane plummeted towards the earth. 飞机向地面快速下降。
economies of scale technical the financial advantages of producing something in very large quantities 规模经济
desperate adjective
1 willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger 绝望的
I had no money left and was desperate. 我一点钱都没有了，简直绝望了。
Time was running out and we were getting desperate. 没有时间了，我们陷入了绝望之中。
the missing teenager’s desperate parents 失踪青少年的绝望的家长们
desperate with
She was desperate with fear. 她由于害怕而绝望。
2 needing or wanting something very much极需的
desperate for
The team is desperate for a win. 这支队伍太需要一场胜利。
I was desperate for a cigarette. 我特别想抽支烟。
desperate to do something
He was desperate to get a job. 她特别想找到工作。
3 a desperate situation is very bad or serious 恶劣的，严峻的
a desperate shortage of doctors 医生的严重短缺
We’re in desperate need of help. 我们急需帮助。
4 a desperate action is something that you only do because you are in a very bad situation孤注一掷的，拼死的
desperate attempt/bid/effort
She made a desperate attempt to escape. 她拼命要逃出去。
We had to resort to desperate measures. 我们必须找到孤注一掷的办法。
desperate battle/struggle/fight
trust noun
▶ORGANIZATION◀
[countable usually singular] an organization or group that has control over money that will be used to help someone else 基金会
a charitable trust 慈善基金会
consortium noun
plural consortia
or consortiums [countable]
a group of companies or organizations who are working together to do something财团，银团
a consortium of oil companies 石油企业财团
The aircraft will be built by a European consortium. 这架飞机将由一个欧洲财团建造。
record noun
▶HIGHEST/BEST EVER◀
[countable] the fastest speed, longest distance, highest or lowest level etc that has ever been achieved or reached, especially in sport 最好纪录
As a student, he broke the Scottish record for the 100 metres.
The Americans set a new world record in the sprint relay.
Lewis equalled the old world record of 9.93 seconds.
British exports in 1991 were at an all-time record. 英国在1991年的出口额是有史以来最好的。
A record number of people have been thrown out of their homes. 有创纪录多的人被家庭遗弃。
finance verb [transitive]
to provide money, especially a lot of money, to pay for something 提供资金
ￚ同义词 fund
The concerts are financed by the Arts Council. 这些音乐会是由艺术委员会资助的。
ￚfinancing noun [uncountable]
The financing for the deal has been approved in principle. 从道理上讲，对这次交易的融资行为是会得到批准的。
on the strength of something
because of something 由于
I bought the book on the strength of your recommendation.由于你的推荐我购买了这本书。
inflate verb
1[intransitive and transitive] to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas 充气，膨胀，胀大
It took us half an hour to inflate the dinghy.
Her life jacket failed to inflate.
2[transitive] to make something seem more important or impressive than it really is 使得意，使骄傲，夸大
The success further inflated his self-confidence. 他的自信心通过这次成功进一步膨胀。
be grossly/vastly/hugely inflated
The numbers of people involved have been grossly inflated by the media. 涉及的人数被媒体过渡的夸大。
3[intransitive and transitive] technical to increase in price or make something increase in price 提升价格，价格上涨，通货膨胀
Hotels often inflate prices at particular times of the year. 饭店经常在一年中的某些时候提高价格。
Costs were inflating. 成本在上升。
swap verb British English
past tense and past participle swapped present participle swapping
1 [intransitive and transitive] to give something to someone and get something in return交换
ￚsynonym exchange
Do you want to swap umbrellas? 你想和我换雨伞吗?
swap something for something
He swapped his watch for a box of cigars. 他用自己的手表换得了一盒雪茄。
swap something with somebody
The girls chatted and swapped clothes with each other. 这些女孩聊着天而且还互相交换衣服穿。
2 [transitive] to tell information to someone and be given information in return 交换信息
ￚsynonym exchange
We need to get together to swap ideas and information. 我们需要聚在一起交换想法和信息。
They sat in a corner and swapped gossip.
3 also swap over
[transitive] to do the thing that someone else has been doing, and let them do the thing that you have been doing 交换互相做的事情
ￚsynonym change
They decided to swap roles for the day. 他们决定那天交换角色。
You start on the windows and I’ll do the walls, then we can swap over after an hour or so. 你从窗户开始搞卫生，我从墙开始，然后一小时左右交换过来。
swap something with somebody
She ended up swapping jobs with her secretary. 她最终与她的秘书交换工作。
4 [transitive] to stop using or get rid of one thing and put or get another thing in its place 停用某事后换用另一个
The driver announced that we would have to swap buses. 司机说我们必须要再换坐公共汽车。
swap something for something
She had swapped her long skirts for jeans and T shirts. 她不穿长裙，而是改穿牛仔和T恤。
He swapped his London home for a cottage in Scotland. 他将自己在伦敦的加处理到后，搬到了苏格兰的一个乡间小屋。
5 also swap something around
[transitive] to move one thing and put another in its place 挪开后放置另一事物
swap something with something
Why don’t we swap the TV with the bookcase? 我们为什么不挪开电视机，在这里放上书架。
6 swap places
British English to let someone sit or stand in your place, so that you can have their place 换座位
ￚsynonym change places
Can we swap places, please? 我们可以互换座位吗?
deregulate verb [transitive usually passive] to remove government rules and controls from some types of business activity放宽管制;撤消管制
industries that have been deregulated 被放松管制的行业
ￚderegulation noun [uncountable] 放宽管制;撤消管制
overcapacity noun [singular,uncountable] the situation in which an industry or factory cannot sell as much as it produces 生产过剩
diversify verb
past tense and past participle diversified present participle diversifying third person singular diversifies
1[intransitive and transitive] if a business, company, country etc diversifies, it increases the range of goods or services it produces 将自己的产品或服务多元化
diversify (away) from
farmers forced to diversify away from their core business 农民们被迫远离自己主要的农作物而去耕作其他作物
diversify into
The company is planning to diversify into other mining activities. 这家公司计划开拓进入其他采矿业务。
We need to diversify the economy.
2 [intransitive and transitive] to change something or to make it change so that there is more variety变化
User requirements have diversified over the years. 用户们的要求这些年有了变化。
ￚdiversification noun [uncountable] diversification of the rural economy
equity noun
1 [uncountable] formal a situation in which all people are treated equally and no one has an unfair advantage 平等
ￚopposite inequity
a society run on the principles of equity and justice 一个按照平等和公正原则运行的社会
2 equities [plural] technical shares in a company from which the owner of the shares receives some of the company’s profits rather than a fixed regular payment(股息不定的)普通股，股票，(某公司的)股票值，股本
stake noun
1 at stake
if something that you value very much is at stake, you will lose it if a plan or action is not successful 在危急关头，在危险中，成问题
They have to win the contract - thousands of jobs are at stake. 他们必须要赢得这个合同--- 上千个人可能失业。
National pride is at stake in next week’s game against England. 在下周对英格兰的比赛中国家荣誉在危急关头。
▶COMPANY/BUSINESS◀
[countable] if you have a stake in a business, you have invested money in it (投机生意等的)股本，股份
hold/have a stake in something
He holds a 51% stake in the firm. 他在该公司中持有51%的股份。
3 have a stake in something
if you have a stake in something, you will get advantages if it is successful, and you feel that you have an important connection with it 利害关系
Young people don’t feel they have a stake in the country’s future. 年轻人对于国家的未来感到他们没有什么利害关系。
▶MONEY RISKED◀
[countable] money that you risk as the result of a horse race, card game etc 赌本，赌注
For a dollar stake, you can win up to $1,000,000. 下一美元的赌注，你可以获得高达1百万美元的收益。
inject verb [transitive]
1 to put liquid, especially a drug, into someone’s body by using a special needle注射(药液等)
inject something into somebody/something
The drug is injected directly into the base of the spine(脊柱).
inject somebody with something
I have to inject myself with insulin(胰岛素).
2 to improve something by adding excitement, interest etc to it改善，引入
inject something into something
Traditional handbag makers are injecting more fun into their designs. 传统的手提袋生产商在设计中引入了更多的兴趣元素。
A market building can inject new life into an area. 这个地区新建的市场大楼会让这里呈现新的生机。
3 to provide more money, equipment etc for something投入更多资金、设备
inject something into something
They need to inject more money into sports facilities. 他们需要为体育设施投入更多资金。
alliance noun [countable]
1 an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something 联盟协议
alliance with
Britain’s military alliance with her NATO partners
alliance between
the possibility of a political alliance between the two parties
make/enter into/form/forge an alliance (=agree to work together)
The companies have formed an alliance to market the product. 这些公司形成一个联盟来共同推广这个产品。
2 a group of two or more countries, groups etc who work together to achieve something 联盟国家或组织
independent organizations and alliances
3 in alliance (with somebody/something)
if two groups, countries etc are in alliance, they work together to achieve something or protect each another 共同合作
Relief workers in alliance with local charities are trying to help the famine victims.救援人员与当地的慈善机构共同合作，正在试图帮助那些受到饥馑灾害的人们。
4 formal a close relationship, especially a marriage, between people
corporate adjective [only before noun] belonging to or relating to a corporation 企业的
The company is moving its corporate headquarters (=main offices) from New York to Houston. 这家公司将公司总部从纽约搬到了休斯敦.
the corporate culture (=the way that people in a corporation think and behave) 公司文化
ￚcorporately adverb
destabilize verb also destabilise British English [transitive]
to make something such as a government or economy become less successful or powerful, or less able to control events 使….不成功，没有权威，不稳定
an attempt to destabilize the government 颠覆政府的企图
ￚdestabilization noun [uncountable]
workforce noun [singular]
all the people who work in a particular industry or company, or are available to work in a particular country or area 劳动力
Women now represent almost 50% of the workforce. 妇女现在占了劳动力的一半。
The company is cutting its workforce. 这家公司正在减员。
skilled/educated/flexible etc workforce 有技术的/受过教育的/灵活的员工
project verb
▶CALCULATE◀
[transitive] to calculate what something will be in the future, using the information you have now 计算
The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%. 该公司计算出年增长率为3%。
be projected to do something
Total expenditure is projected to rise by 25%. 总支出经过计算后将会增长25%。
▶FILM◀
[transitive] to make the picture of a film, photograph etc appear in a larger form on a screen or flat surface 放映
project something onto something
She projected the slide onto the wall. 她把幻灯片在墙上播放。
▶YOURSELF◀
[transitive] to try to make other people have a particular idea about you 展现出某种特定形象
I hope the team will project a smart, professional image. 我希望这个团队能够展现出精明、专业的形象。
project yourself (as something)
his attempts to project himself as a potential leader 他努力想展现出一个未来领导者的形象
▶PLAN◀ be projected
to be planned to happen in the future 打算
the projected closure of the hospital 该家医院预计关闭
deliver verb
▶TAKE SOMETHING SOMEWHERE◀
[intransitive and transitive] to take goods, letters, packages etc to a particular place or person 发送
The morning mail has just been delivered.
Do you deliver on Saturdays?
deliver something to somebody
They set off to deliver supplies to an isolated village.
I’m having some flowers delivered for her birthday.
2 deliver a speech/lecture/address etc 发表演讲/讲课/发表讲话
to make a speech etc to a lot of people
The king delivered a televised speech to the nation on Nov 5. 国王在11月5日项全国人民发表电视演讲。
▶DO SOMETHING YOU SHOULD DO◀
[intransitive and transitive] to do or provide the things you are expected to, because you are responsible for them or they are part of your job 提供，完成
the costs of delivering adequate nursing care 提供完善的护理服务的成本
the failure of some services to deliver the goods (=do what they have promised) 一些服务部门无法按照承诺完成的货物
The company will deliver on its promises. 这家公司会在他们的办公所在地完成工作。
integrate verb [intransitive and transitive]
1 if two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective使成一体，合并
integrate (something) into/with something
Colourful illustrations are integrated into the text. 这篇课文中插入了色彩丰富的插图。
Transport planning should be integrated with energy policy. 运输计划应该与能源政策结合在一起。
computers of different makes that integrate with each other 不同品牌的电脑相互兼容
2 to become part of a group or society and be accepted by them, or to help someone do this融入
integrate (somebody) into/with something
We’re looking for people who can integrate with a team. 我们需要能融合进团队的人。
Many children with learning difficulties are integrated into ordinary schools. 许多学习有困难的孩子都融入了普通学校。
redundancy noun
plural redundancies
1 [uncountable and countable] British English a situation in which someone has to leave their job, because they are no longer needed 冗员
ￚsynonym layoff
The closure of the export department resulted in over 100 redundancies. 出口部门的关闭导致100多人失去了工作。
Two thousand workers now face redundancy. 2000名工人面临下岗。
An employee is not eligible for a redundancy payment unless he has been with the company for two years. 除非一位员工在公司任职两年，否则他不能得到离职津贴。
voluntary/compulsory redundancy 自愿/强迫离职
We were offered a ￡3,000 cash bonus to take voluntary redundancy. 我们得到了3000英镑的先进补贴后自愿离职。
redundant adjective
1 British English if you are redundant, your employer no longer has a job for you
Seventy factory workers were made redundant in the resulting cuts.
make a job/position etc redundant 成为多余的人
As the economy weakens, more and more jobs will be made redundant. 当经济衰弱的时候，很多的工作岗位就会变得多余。
2 not necessary because something else means or does the same thing 多余的
the removal of redundant information 去掉多余的信息
payroll noun
1 on the payroll
if someone is on the payroll of a company, they are employed by that company 在职人员名单，工资表
The company now has 350 people on the payroll. 该公司有350名在册员工。
2 [uncountable] the activity of managing salary payments for workers in a company工资管理
the payroll department 工资管理部门
a computerized payroll system 电脑化工资管理系统
3 [uncountable and countable] the total amount of wages paid to all the people working in a particular company or industry 工资总额
The annual payroll was $88 million.工资总额为8800万元。
duplicate verb [transitive]
1 to copy something exactly复制
New copies of the form can be duplicated from a master copy. 复印原件可以得到这份表格的新复印件。
The video had been duplicated illegally. 这盘录像带被非法复制。
2 to repeat something in exactly the same way 重复
We don’t want staff to duplicate each other’s work. 我们不希望员工互相做重复的工作。
ￚduplication noun [uncountable]
duplicate adjective [only before noun]
exactly the same as something, or made as an exact copy of something完全一样的
A duplicate copy 复印件
a duplicate key 一把配的钥匙
duplicate noun [countable]
1 an exact copy of something that you can use in the same way完全一样的东西
duplicate of
Locksmiths can make duplicates of most keys. 锁匠可以配很多种钥匙。
She kept both the duplicate and the original. 她留下了原件和复印件。
2 in duplicate
if something is in duplicate, there are two copies of it 一式两份
Copies of the proposal should be sent in duplicate. 这份提议一式两份下发。
lure verb [transitive]
1 to persuade someone to do something, especially something wrong or dangerous, by making it seem attractive or exciting诱惑，引诱，
lure somebody into (doing) something
People may be lured into buying tickets by clever advertising. 通过巧妙的广告宣传，人们可以被诱导购票。
lure somebody away
Computer games are luring youngsters away from their lessons. 电脑游戏诱使很多年轻人远离课堂。
2 to attract customers, workers, money etc from another company or place吸引
lure somebody back/away
The bank launched an advertising campaign to lure back its traditional customers. 这家银行做广告，想将银行的老客户吸引回来。
It’s very difficult to lure talent away from Silicon Valley. 很难将硅谷的人才吸引走。
lure noun [countable]
1 [usually singular] something that attracts people, or the quality of being able to do this吸引力;诱惑力
lure of
the lure of easy money 好挣钱的吸引力
Malc wasn’t mature enough to resist the lure of drink and drugs. ….还不是很成熟，无法抵制住对饮料和毒品的诱惑。
2 an object used to attract animals or fish so that they can be caught 诱饵
ￚsynonym decoy
What benefits and problems are mentioned?
BenefitsProblems
Can increase efficiency
Can remain competitive in a global marketMerging of different cultures can have a destablising effect on the workforce.
Can enter new markets
Can diversify and extend their product rangeProjected efficiencies may not be delivered.
Can acquire product patents
Can make short-term savings and attract shareholdersThere may be redundancies as a result of restructuring
There is no evidence that long-term value is added to company performance.
Deutsche Bank: to buy market share
Siemens: to enter a new market
Vodafone: to expand the company / enter new markets
Microsoft: to diversify/ buy distribution channels
BMW/ Rover: to extend BMW’s product portfolio/ to raise capital for Rover
Zeneca: to expand / buy patents
1. Choose the correct answer for each question.
B C D A C A
1. D---undercut
undercut verb[transitive]
past tense and past participle undercut present participle undercutting
1 to sell goods or a service at a lower price than another company 削价跟对手竞争
ￚ同义词 undersell
Online bookstores can undercut retailers by up to 30%. 网上书店比零售商的价格要低将近30%。
2. Language.
Linking words and phrases:
(1) text ordering:
There are several factors…. Another factor …, A further …
(2) sequencers:
Firstly, when,
(3) examples:
for instance, such as
(4) addition
also, and
(5) contrast
whilst, however, despite, although
(6) purpose
in order to
Reference words
they, it, its, their, this, these, such the
V. A merger of equals
address verb [transitive]
1 if you address an envelope, package etc, you write on it the name and address of the person you are sending it to (在信封、包裹等上面)写收件人姓名和地址
address something to somebody
That letter was addressed to me. 那封信上写我的名字和地址。
Send a stamped, self-addressed envelope (=with your address on it so it can be sent back to you). 请寄来一张贴好邮票并写明收信人姓名和地址的信封寄来。
2 formal if you address a problem, you start trying to solve it 处理，解决
address a problem/question/issue etc 解决困难/问题
Our products address the needs of real users. 我们的产品解决了真正用户们的需要。
prior adjective
1 existing or arranged before something else or before the present situation 以前的
ￚsynonym previous
You do not need any prior knowledge of the subject. 这门课不需要你具备任何先前的知识准备。
Changes may not be made without the prior approval of the council. 如果委员会不事先批准，这件事不能做出任何变化。
Vegetarian meals are provided by prior agreement. 素食的饭菜需要经过事先的协议才能提供。
Some prior experience with the software is needed. 我们需要找到有以前使用过该软件经验的人。
2 prior warning/notice 事先的警告/告示
a warning or announcement made before something happens
The society must give customers prior notice before changing the cost. 这个社团必须要在调整价格之前通知顾客。
The bomb exploded without any prior warning. 炸弹在没有任何事先警告的情况下爆炸了。
3 prior to something
formal before
All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure. 在你离开之前，所有的准备工作都必须完成。
release [transitive]
▶LET SOMEBODY GO◀
to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere 释放
Police arrested several men, who were later released. 警方逮捕了几个人，之后又将他们释放了。
The bears are eventually released into the wild. 这些熊最终被放归到野生环境中。
release somebody from something
He was released from the hospital yesterday. 他昨天出院了。
▶MAKE PUBLIC◀
to let news or official information be known and printed 发布
ￚ同义词 publish
The new trade figures have just been released. 新的销售数据刚刚公布。
▶FILM/RECORD◀
to make a CD, video, film etc available for people to buy or see 发行，放映
A version of the game for Mac computers will be released in February. 新版Mac电脑游戏二月将发行。
1. all-share
2. science-based
3. (long-term) growth
4. worldwide presence
5. 3rd largest/ third largest
6. innovation-led
7. academic institutions
8. restructuring
9. next 3/three years
10. administration
11. (executive) team
12. strategy and policy
Tapescript vocabulary
u Pay attention to the structure of the talk (presentation). This will help you to grasp the flow of ideas and then the answers of the blank-filling questions.
rationale noun [countable usually singular]
formal the reasons for a decision, belief etc原理的阐述;理由的说明;全部理由;根本原因
rationale behind/for/of
The rationale behind the changes is not at all evident. 这些变化背后的道理还不很明显。
The rationale for using this teaching method is to encourage student confidence. 使用这种教学方法就是要鼓励学生的自信心。
science-based
vision noun
1 [uncountable] ability to see 视力
ￚsynonym sight
She suffered temporary loss of vision after being struck on the head.
Tears blurred her vision (=made it difficult for her to see).
good/normal/poor etc vision
children who are born with poor vision
twenty-twenty/20-20 vision (=the ability to see perfectly)
night vision (=the ability to see when it is dark)
2 [countable] an idea of what you think something should be like 想法，理想
vision of
He had a clear vision of how he hoped the company would develop. 他对于公司未来将如何发展有着清晰的想法。
vision for
The President outlined his vision for the future. 这位总统勾勒出对这个国家未来的蓝图。
grand/powerful/original etc vision
a grand vision for the country 对这个国家的远大理想
4 have visions of something
if you have visions of something happening, especially something bad, you imagine it happening 幻想，想象，梦想
I had visions of the kids getting lost and getting abducted by some weirdo. 我梦见孩子们丢了，被一些古怪的人绑架了。
5 [countable] something that you seem to see as part of a powerful religious experience 幻觉，幻想，幽灵
She had a vision in which Jesus appeared before her.
in a vision
He became a monk after seeing Saint Apollinaris in a vision.
6 [uncountable] the knowledge and imagination that are needed in planning for the future with a clear purpose 目光，眼力，看法
We need a leader with vision and strong principles. 我们需要找到一位有远见卓识并且原则很强的领导。
his enthusiasm and breadth of vision 他的热情和宽广的见识
The benefits of this move are many.
To begin with, ….. .Furthermore, …. .
Deliver the full potential of its existing and future products through …. .
presence noun
▶BUSINESS◀
[countable usually singular] the ability to gain sales because your business is strong or noticeable (由于自身强大或业绩显著而具有的)促进销售的影响力
a company with a strong presence in all major world markets 这家公司拥有在世界各地主要市场中强大的影响力
innovation-led 以创新为主导的
-led suffix [in adjectives]
having a particular thing as the most important cause or influence 以…. 为主要原因或影响力
an export-led economic recovery 以出口为主导的经济恢复
biotechnology noun
also biotech informal [uncountable]
the use of living things such as cells, bacteria etc to make drugs, destroy waste matter etc 生物科技的
the biotech industries 生物科技行业
ￚbiotechnological adjective
bio- prefix relating to or using living things 与生物有关的
bio-genetics 生物基因学
biophysics 生物物理
sizeable operational efficiencies
synergy noun [uncountable]
technical the additional effectiveness when two or more companies or people combine and work together(两种或两种以上药物、器官或公司等共同作用时其效果大于各单独作用之和)协同作用;增效作用
streamline verb [transitive]
1 to make something such as a business, organization etc work more simply and effectively 使(生意、组织机构等)更简洁、更高效
efforts to streamline the production process 为使生产流程更简洁而做出的努力
2 to form something into a smooth shape, so that it moves easily through the air or water 使事物成流线型
All these new cars have been streamlined. 所有的这些新车都被设计成为流行型。
ￚstreamlined adjective
non-executive director noun [countable]
one of the directors of a company who gives advice, but who does not make decisions about how the company is run 非执行主席(主要负责公司宏观策略、公关等，不管具体的、日常的业务)
VI. Business Passage Reading
DaimlerChrysler plans sales drive
■ VEHICLES
Agence France-Presse
in Frankfurt
German-United States carmaker DaimlerChrysler said yesterday it was planning a new sales offensive in China by vastly expanding its dealer network, marking a fresh attempt to shore up its Asian operations.
The company would boost the number of dealers of its luxury brand Mercedes-Benz to 217 in 68 mainland cities by 2012, up from 33 dealers in 23 cities in 2002.
A DaimlerChrysler spokesman said the company would not comment on specific figures cited in the report but acknowledged it had big plans for the mainland.
“We do plan to greatly expand the dealer network and expand our metropolis strategy to Chinese cities, ” the spokesman said.
DaimlerChrysler also aims to use low-interest loans for dealers and customers to speed up sales.
“We will bolster the sales of DaimlerChrysler brands with financial services,” management board member Ruediger Grube told the newspaper.
Mr Grube said the company was also trying to form a joint venture for trucks and buses, adding that it was the “first company worldwide” to deliver energy-efficient buses running on fuel cells to China, which is plagued by an energy crisis and has dramatically increased oil imports.
“There are already three operating in Beijing,” he said.
Mr. Grube said that beyond China, DailmerChrysler was also eyeing the Indian market for an expansion drive.
He said that in the medium term the company would sell three million cars a year in India. Mercedes already claimed 60 per cent of the nation’s market share for luxury cars, he said.
“That shows we are on the right track. And we will continue to strengthen our investments there,” he said.
DaimlerChrysler’s Asia strategy was called into question in April when it decided to cancel further financing for its Japanese partner Mitsubishi Motors Corp, which is posting heavy losses.
The move was widely interpreted as a setback for the company’s ambitious international expansion campaign.
offensive noun [countable]
1a planned military attack involving large forces over a long period
a military offensive A major offensive was launched on August 22.
2go on the offensive
also take the offensive
to start attacking or criticizing someone before they start attacking or criticizing you
Republicans went on the offensive over soaring gasoline prices. The international coalition was ready to take the offensive.
3 charm/diplomatic offensive
a planned set of actions intended to influence a lot of people
shore verb
shore something ↔ up phrasal verb
1to support a wall or roof with large pieces of wood, metal etc to stop it from falling down
The roof had been shored up with old timbers.
2to help or support something that is likely to fail or is not working well
attempts to shore up the struggling economy
metropolis noun [countable]
a very large city that is the most important city in a country or area
The city has become a huge, bustling metropolis.
bolster verb also bolster up [transitive]
1to help someone to feel better and more positive
He is making a bold attempt to bolster the territory’s confidence.
2 to improve something
plague verb [transitive]
1 [usually passive] to cause pain, suffering, or trouble to someone, especially for a long period of time
be plagued by/with something
He was plagued by eye troubles.
Financial problems continued to plague the company.
2 to annoy someone, especially by asking for something many times or asking them many questions
plague somebody with something
The kids have been plaguing me with questions.
fuel cell noun [countable]
a piece of equipment that combines two different elements, such as oxygen and hydrogen, to produce electricity in order to supply power to a vehicle or machine
eye verb present participle eyeing or eying [transitive]
to look at someone or something carefully, especially because you do not trust them or because you want something
The man behind the desk eyed us suspiciously.
A crowd of local children gathered around, eying us in silence.
eye somebody ↔ up phrasal verb
informal to look at someone in a way that shows you think they are sexually attractive
There was a group of lads at the bar, eyeing up every girl who walked in.
post ▶PROFIT/LOSS ETC◀
especially American English to officially record and announce information about a company’s financial situation or a country’s economic situation
Cisco Systems posted record profits and sales for the third fiscal quarter.
Home work
l The graph below shows how prices of consumer goods in three European countries have varied over a period of 25 years.
l Using the information from the graph, write a short report describing and comparing variations in prices in these countries over this period.
l Write about 120-140 words.
