学习重点
1. Homework review
2. Vocabulary study
3. Researching a market
4. Business practice in China
5. Pie chart writing
6. Oral practice
7. Business passage reading
8. Homework
I. Homework review
covering letter noun [countable]
British English a letter that you send with documents or a package that gives information about its contents 说明信
American Equivalent: cover letter
Send your CV and a covering letter to the address below. 请把你的简历和说明信寄到下面的地址。
Sample Writing Answer
Dear Mr. Smith,
Post of Assistant Marketing Manager for China and the South East Asia Region
With reference to your advertisement in “China Daily” of Friday 27 November 2005, I am writing to apply for the above post.
The job description states that the work will involve planning and implementing marketing strategies for the whole China/South East Asia region, combined with considerable travelling to liaise with the Company’s agents and customers.
I have spent the past three years doing similar work for a smaller company, covering South East Asia and Southern China, as a junior marketing assistant, and, with the experience I have gained, I feel I am ready to take on greater challenges and to realise greater achievements.
As my enclosed resume shows, I have a BA in Finance and Management from Beijing University, and an MBA from the University of Harvard, the USA. I speak and write fluent English, Mandarin and Cantonese, and I have a sound working knowledge of Japanese and Korean. I am fully computer-literate.
With my qualifications and background, together with enormous energy to put into my work, I would very much like to take on the challenges that your company and this job offer. Working with the Marketing Manager and the full marketing team, I am sure that I can contribute positively to expanding your Company’s business in the Asia-Pacific region.
I look forward to hearing from you and hope you will invite me to be interviewed. Thank you for your kind attention.
Yours sincerely,
Zhang Weiwei
liaise verb [intransitive]
to exchange information with someone who works in another organization or department so that you can both be more effective 联络
liaise with
Council officers are liaising closely with local groups. 委员会官员与当地组织密切联络。
liaise between
The education officer liaises between students, schools and colleges. 教育官员在学生、学校和大学之间进行联络。
邮政管制
Vocabulary Study
英语单词中的一次多义现象
As Scotland’s First Minister I have a key role in representing my country.
参考译文;作为苏格兰的第一首相，代表这个地区是我重要的职责。
(具有某种地理文化、语言等特点的区域、地区、领域、范围)
country noun
n the country 乡下
a) land that is outside towns and cities, including land used for farming
ￚsynonym the countryside
I’ve always wanted to live in the country.
b) all the people who live in a particular country全体乡下人
The President has the support of the country.
n [uncountable] country and western music乡村音乐
I’m a big fan of country.
n 请思考以下单词除了你常见的词义以外，还有没有与之不同的意思。
let, plan, plant, policy, event, court, course
let ▶RENT◀ [transitive] especially British English出租，租用
I’ve let my spare room to a student.
Would you consider letting me the garage for a few months?
We let the smaller studios out to local artists.
To Let ：招租(宣传标语)
written (=written on a sign outside a building to show that it is available for renting)
plan ▶MAP◀ 平面图
a drawing similar to a map, showing roads, towns, and buildings
a street plan of London
an office plan
plant ▶FACTORY◀工厂
[countable] a factory or building where an industrial process happens
a huge chemical plant 一家大型的化工厂
power plant 电厂
policy [countable] a contract with an insurance company, or an official written statement giving all the details of such a contract保险合同
There’s a clause条款 in the policy that I’d like to discuss.
I’ve just renewed the policy (=arranged for it to continue). 续签这份保险合同
Does the policy cover theft and fire?
event [countable] one of the races or competitions that are part of a large sports competition 体育赛事
The next event will be the 100 metres.
The 800 metres is not his best event.
court [countable] an area made for playing games such as tennis
squash/tennis/basketball etc court
▶KING/QUEEN◀
a) [countable] the place where a king or queen lives and works 宫廷
the royal courts of Europe 欧洲皇室宫廷
b) the court
the king, queen, their family, and their friends, advisers etc 皇室成员
Several members of the court were under suspicion.
There was a taste in court circles for romantic verse.
Court officials denied the rumours.
court verb [transitive]
1 to try hard to please someone, especially because you want something from them 努力取悦
His campaign team have assiduously courted the media. 他的宣传团队小心谨慎地想取悦媒体。
2 court danger/death etc
formal to behave in a way that makes danger etc more likely 引起(危险、死亡等)
To have admitted this would have courted political disaster. 承认这件事会引起政治失败。
3 be courting
old-fashioned if a man and a woman are courting, they are having a romantic relationship and may get married 谈恋爱
That was back in the 1960s when we were courting.
4 old-fashioned if a man courts a woman, he spends time being nice to her because he hopes to marry her 追求
course
n [countable]one of the separate parts of a meal
We had fish for the main course.
n [countable] an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf
an 18-hole course
story noun [countable]
1 ▶FOR ENTERTAINMENT◀ 故事
fairy/ghost/love etc story
a detective story
2 ▶NEWS◀ 新闻消息
a front-page story
3 ▶EVENTS◀话，对事物的描述
an account of something that has happened, usually one that people tell each other, and which may not be true
Her parents did not believe her story.
4 ▶EXCUSE◀ 解释;借口
Where were you? And don’t give me some story about working late!
5 ▶HISTORY◀ 发生在重要人物身上的历史
the Charlie Parker Story
He wanted to have his life story told on film.
6 ▶BUILDING◀ 美式拼写 一层楼
American English a floor or level of a building
British Equivalent: storey英国英语
a fifty-story building
7 ▶OF A FILM/PLAY ETC◀ 电影、小说等故事情节
The story is similar in all her books.
8 ▶LIE◀ 谎言(对小孩说)
You shouldn’t tell stories.
Researching a market
1. Speaking.
What research would a company do before entering a foreign market?
Research into the demand for the product, market conditions, currency exchange rates, import/export mechanisms or tariffs, ways of doing business (e.g. through agents), etiquette in that culture, cultural differences.
mechanism noun [countable]
1 part of a machine or a set of parts that does a particular job 机械，零部件
the brake mechanism 刹车部件
a clock mechanism 钟表机械
2 a system that is intended to achieve something or deal with a problem 机制
mechanism for (doing) something
existing mechanisms for decision making 现有的决策机制
mechanism to do something
The Army has set up mechanisms to help jobless ex-soldiers get work. 军队建立机制以此来帮助那些退伍无工作的士兵找到工作。
3 a system or a way of behaving that helps a living thing to avoid or protect itself from something difficult or dangerous 保护体系
defence/control/survival mechanism 防卫体系/控制体系/生存体系
When a person is ill, the body ’s natural defence mechanisms come into operation. 当人生病时，身体中的自然防卫系统就开始起作用了。
4 the way that something works 运转方式
mechanism of
the mechanism of the brain 大脑运转的方式
tariff noun [countable]
1 a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country 关税
tariff on
The government may impose tariffs on imports. 政府可能要强制征收进口货物税。
2 British English a list of fixed prices charged by a hotel or restaurant, for example for the cost of meals or rooms 价目表(饭店、餐馆对房间或饭菜的标价)
3 British English a list or system of prices which mobile phone companies charge for the services they provide 电信资费
etiquette noun [uncountable]
the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular group礼节，礼仪(行业中的)道德规范，规矩
strict rules of professional etiquette 专业礼节中的严格规定
Understanding the importance of market research in terms of culture diversity
Sometimes products don’t sell well in a new market. Suggest what went wrong in these cases.
1. Western companies had problems selling refrigerators in Japan until they changed the design to make them quieter.
2. In Saudi Arabia, newspaper adverts for an airline showed an attractive hostess serving champagne to happy passengers. A lot of passengers cancelled their flight reservation.
3. A soap powder advertisement had a picture of dirty clothes on the left, a box of soap in the middle and clean clothes on the right. The soap didn’t sell well in the Middle East.
4. A company had problems when it tried to introduce instant coffee to the French market.
5. Several European and American firms couldn’t sell their products in Dubai when they ran their advertising campaign in Arabic
6. An airline company called itself Emu, after the Australian bird. But Australians didn’t want to use the airline.
7. A TV commercial for a cleaning product showed a little girl cleaning up the mess her brother made. The commercial caused problems in Canada.
8. A toothpaste manufacturer couldn’t sell its product in parts of South East Asia.
9. An American golf ball manufacturer launched its products in Japan packed in boxes of four. It had to change the pack size.
10. A ladies’ electric shaver sold well throughout Europe, but not in Italy.
If you don’t have any idea about the reason behind the problems, try to match the problems with the following reasons.
In Japan the word for ‘four’ sounds like the word for ‘death’. Things don’t sell well packed in fours.
People thought the commercial was too sexist and reinforced old male/female stereotype.
Unveiled women don’t mix with men in Saudi Arabia and alcohol is illegal.
90% of the population came from Pakistan, India, Iran and elsewhere, so Arabic was the wrong language.
It seems Italian men prefer ladies’ legs unshaven.
The advertisers forgot that in that part of the world, people usually read from right to left.
The people in this area didn’t want white teeth. They thought darkly-stained teeth were beautiful and they tried to blacken them.
Japanese homes were small and sometimes walls were made of paper. It was important for the refrigerators to be quiet.
Making ‘real’ coffee was an important part of the French way of life. Instant coffee was too casual.
The emu can’t fly.
emu noun[countable]
plural emus or emu
a large Australian bird that can run very fast but cannot fly 鸸鹋
2. Reading.
The text on the opposite page comes from DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) in the UK. It is aimed at British companies considering business with China.
DTI (英国)贸易工业部
Doing Business in China
amount verb
amount to something phrasal verb
if figures, sums etc amount to a particular total, they equal that total when they are added together 达到
Time lost through illness amounted to 1,357 working days. 由于疾病而耽误的工作日达到1357天。
pledge verb [transitive]
▶PROMISE◀ 保证给与，发誓
to make a formal, usually public, promise that you will do something正式、向公众作出的许诺，保证
pledge something to something/somebody
Moore pledged $100,000 to the orchestra at the fund-raising dinner. 摩尔许诺在筹资晚宴上拨款10万美元给交响乐团。
pledge to do something
The new governor pledged to reduce crime. 新州长许诺减少犯罪。
pledge that
Herrera pledged that his company will give aid to schools. …许诺说他的公司将会资助学校。
pledge (your) support/loyalty/solidarity etc
He pledged his cooperation. 他做出承诺，保证合作。
pledge yourself to (do) something
Trade unions pledged themselves to resist the government plans. 工会保证他们会抵制政府的计划。
▶MAKE SOMEBODY PROMISE◀
to make someone formally promise something 使发誓
Employees were pledged to secrecy. 公司让员工承诺保守秘密。
pledge noun [countable]
▶PROMISE◀
formal a serious promise or agreement, especially one made publicly or officially(政府、政党领袖)诺言，保证，誓言
pledge of
a pledge of support for the plan 保证对这个计划表示支持
pledge to do something
the government’s pledge to make no deals with terrorists 政府保证绝不与恐怖分子作交易
make/take/give a pledge
Parents make a pledge to take their children to rehearsals.
keep/fulfil/honour a pledge
Eisenhower fulfilled his election pledge to end the war in Korea.
▶MONEY◀
a promise to give money to an organization 给与资助的许诺
Donors have made pledges totaling nearly $4 million. 捐献者许诺给出总数达4000万元的资助款。
pledge of
a pledge of $200 to the public TV station 承诺资助公共电视台的200元钱
▶SOMETHING VALUABLE◀
something valuable that you leave with someone else as proof that you will do what you have agreed to do 抵押，典当
acknowledge verb [transitive]
▶ADMIT◀
to admit or accept that something is true or that a situation exists 承认
He acknowledges that when he’s tired he gets bad-tempered.他承认说，只要他一疲劳，他的脾气就会不好。
Claire acknowledged that she was guilty. 克莱尔承认她犯了罪。
This is a fact that most smokers readily acknowledge. 这是许多吸烟者都马上会承认的事实。
▶RECOGNIZE SOMETHING’S IMPORTANCE◀
[usually passive] if people acknowledge something, they recognize how good or important it is 意识到
acknowledge something as something
The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance. 该电影节被认为是国际性的重要活动。
be widely/generally acknowledged to be something 被广泛认为/被普遍认为
▶ACCEPT SOMEBODY’S AUTHORITY◀
to accept that someone or something has authority over people 承认某人的权威
Many of the poor acknowledged him as their spiritual leader. 许多穷人都认定他是他们的精神领袖。
▶THANK◀
to publicly announce that you are grateful for the help that someone has given you 公开宣布感激之情
We wish to acknowledge the support of the university. 我们希望表达贵校对我们的支持的感激心情。
▶SHOW YOU NOTICE SOMEBODY◀
to show someone that you have noticed them or heard what they have said 示意听到或注意到
Tom acknowledged her presence by a brief glance. 汤姆扫了一眼，示意她，他已经看到她了。
▶SAY YOU HAVE RECEIVED SOMETHING◀
to let someone know that you have received something from them 确认收到某物
I would be grateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter. 如果你在收到这封信后能确认收到的话，我将万分感激。
strength noun
▶USEFUL QUALITY OR ABILITY◀
[countable] a particular quality or ability that gives someone or something an advantage 优势，强项
ￚ反义词 weakness
Her main strength is her critical thinking ability. 她的优点在于她敏锐的思考能力。
strength of
The great strength of our plan lies in its simplicity. 我们计划的优势就在于简单。
Be aware of your own strengths and weaknesses. 注意你的优势和劣势。
chance noun
▶POSSIBILITY◀
[uncountable and countable] how possible or likely it is that something will happen, especially something that you want 可能性
There’s always the chance that something will go wrong.
chance of
What are the team’s chances of success?
She has a good chance of a successful recovery.
There is little chance of her being found alive.
The day will be cloudy with a slight chance of rain later tonight.
He gave the show a fifty-fifty chance of survival.
It was a million to one chance, but it had happened. 这只有万分之一的可能性，但还是发生了。
▶OPPORTUNITY◀ [countable]
a time or situation which you can use to do something that you want to do 机会
ￚ同义词 opportunity
grab the chance/jump at the chance (=eagerly and quickly use an opportunity) 抓住机会
If someone invited me over to Florida, I’d jump at the chance.如果有人邀请我去弗洛里达万，我会马上答应。
a chance of a lifetime/a chance in a million (=a chance that you are very unlikely to have again) 极少能碰到的机会，千载难逢的机会
I couldn’t pass up going to Japan; it was a chance in a million. 我决不能错误去日本的机会，这是千载难逢的好机会。
▶RISK◀
take a chance
to do something that involves risks 冒险
The rope might break, but that’s a chance we’ll have to take.
After losing $20,000 on my last business venture, I’m not taking any chances this time. 在我上次生意损失了2万元后，这次我不再冒险了。
take a chance on
He was taking a chance on a relatively new young actor. 他冒险启用一名年轻演员。
profile noun [countable]
▶HEAD◀
a side view of someone’s head 侧面像
Dani has a lovely profile.
in profile
I only saw her face in profile.
▶DESCRIPTION◀
a short description that gives important details about a person, a group of people, or a place 人物简介
a job profile 工作职责描述
profile of
a short profile of the actor
3 high profile
something that is high profile is noticed by many people or gets a lot of attention 引人注目
Jack runs a department with a high public profile. 杰克经营一家在公众中知名度很高的商店。
The star has a high profile in Britain. 这位明星在英国知名度很高。
4 keep a low profile
to behave quietly and avoid doing things that will make people notice you 保持低调
5 raise somebody’s profile
if a person or an organization raises its profile, it gets more attention from the public 提升知名度
an advertising campaign designed to raise the bank’s profile 一次旨在提升这家银行知名度的广告
rarity noun
plural rarities
1 be a rarity
to not happen or exist very often稀有，罕见
Visitors were a rarity in the village.几乎没有游客到这个村庄。
2 [countable] something that is valuable or interesting because it is rare稀罕的东西
Some of these plants are national rarities.
3 [uncountable] the quality of being rare 稀有
Such stamps are expensive because of their rarity. 由于这些邮票稀有，所以价格昂贵。
end user noun [countable] the person who uses a particular product, rather than the people who make or develop it 终端用户
commitment noun
1 [countable] a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way 承诺，保证
Are you ready to make a long-term commitment? 你做好长期奉献的准备了吗?
commitment to
Our company has a commitment to quality and customer service. 我们的公司对产品的质量和客户服务做出保证。
2 [uncountable] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, activity etc 投入，奉献
I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. 我对于场上运动员显示出的力量和投入而感动。
commitment to
Her commitment to work is beyond question. 她对工作的投入毋庸置疑。
commit verb
past tense and past participle committed present participle committing
▶CRIME◀ [transitive]to do something wrong or illegal犯(错误、罪);做(坏事); 犯(法)
Women commit fewer crimes than men. 女人要比男人犯罪率低。
commit murder/rape/arson etc 犯下谋杀罪/强奸罪/纵火罪
Brady committed a series of brutal murders. 布兰迪犯下了一系列令人发指的罪行。
2 commit suicide 自杀to kill yourself deliberately
▶SAY YOU WILL DO SOMETHING◀
[intransitive and transitive] to say that someone will definitely do something or must do something 承诺，束缚
commit somebody to doing something
He has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform. 他很清晰地承诺他的政府会继续沿着经济改革的路途走下去。
commit somebody to something
Meeting them doesn’t commit us to anything. 与他们会面并不意味着我们承诺了任何事情。
commit yourself
commit yourself to (doing) something
The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs. 银行承诺他们会通过削减成本来提升盈利。
▶RELATIONSHIP◀
[intransitive and transitive] to give someone your love or support in a serious and permanent way 给予爱或支持
Anna wants to get married, but Bob’s not sure he wants to commit. 安娜想与鲍勃结婚，但是鲍勃却并不确定他想接受这个承诺。
▶MONEY/TIME◀
[transitive] to decide to use money, time, people etc for a particular purpose 决定为某一特定目的使用金钱、花费时间、动用人力等
commit something to something
A lot of money has been committed to this project. 人们已经为该项目花了许多钱。
▶PRISON/HOSPITAL◀ [transitive] to order someone to be put in a hospital or prison监禁;下狱;入精神病院
commit somebody to something
The judge committed him to prison for six months. 法官裁决他六个月监禁。
committed adjective willing to work very hard at something 愿意努力工作的
The party has a core of committed supporters. 这个党派拥有一群尽心竭力的支持者。
committed to
We are fully committed to Equal Opportunity policies. 我们全力致力于平等就业政策的实施。
forge verb
1 [transitive] to develop something new, especially a strong relationship with other people, groups, or countries形成
ￚsynonym form
forge a relationship/alliance/link etc (with somebody)
In 1776 the United States forged an alliance with France. 1776年，美国和法国组成联盟。
The two women had forged a close bond. 这两个女人关系很近。
Back in the 1980s, they were attempting to forge a new kind of rock music. 追溯到80年代，他们企图创造一种新的摇滚音乐。
2 [transitive] to illegally copy something, especially something printed or written, to make people think that it is real 伪造
Someone stole my credit card and forged my signature. 有人偷了我的信用卡并伪造了我的签名。
a forged passport 一份伪造的护照
3 [transitive] to make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it打铁，锻造
literature noun [uncountable]
1 books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good 文学
He has read many of the major works of literature.
Italian literature
2 all the books, articles, etc on a particular subject 文献
literature on
literature on the history of science
in the literature
Several cases of mercury poisoning have been recorded in the literature.
3 printed information produced by people who want to sell you something or tell you about something (广告, 宣传用的)印刷品(如说明书, 小册子)
sales literature 销售宣传手册
mailshot noun [countable]
advertisements or information that a company sends to many people at one time by post邮寄广告材料
We’re sending out a mailshot telling our customers about our new products. 我们正在把告知顾客我们新产品的广告材料寄出去。
3. Read the text and answer the following questions.
(1) The UK is the leading European investor in China and the main EU source of technology.
(2) Financial services, aviation, telecommunications and environmental technology.
(3) Using an agent or distributor based in Hong Kong, identifying end users, entering into joint ventures.
(4) Long term commitment, ability to research the market thoroughly and forge relationships with the Chinese.
(5) Initially, because the Chinese tend not to respond to mailshots or faxes from unknown sources. Later on, visits will be necessary as business partnerships develop.
4. Language.
Articles
The uses of the indefinite, definite and zero article which appear in the text are as follows.
Indefinite article (a/an)
l When something is unspecific one of many, precisely which one is not important:
There are a number of different strategies for entering the Chinese market.
l When something is mentioned for the first time, before a shared context has been established:
There is a growing private sector within China itself.
Definite article (the)
l When the reference to something is clear because it is the only one:
China (has) one fifth of the world’s population.
l When the reference to something is clear because it is defined:
Success in China will require…the ability to research the market.
l When the reference to something is clear because a shared context has already been established:
It will almost always be necessary to visit the market.
l When referring to superlatives:
The UK is acknowledged to be the leading European investor in China and the main EU source of technology.
l When referring to a nationality:
The Chinese rarely respond to mailshots.
l When the name of a country is plural or is made up of an adjective and a general noun:
The UK is acknowledged to be the leading European investor in China.
l When referring to a region within a country:
Agents are often able to generate sales in mainland China, particularly in the south.
No article is used
l With most country names
Further visits to China will be necessary.
l With uncountable nouns referring to a general concept
Success in China will require long term commitment.
l When referring to general plural nouns
The Chinese very rarely respond to mailshots.
l When referring to general plural or uncountable nouns qualified by an adjective:
China, with …one of the fastest rates of economic growth, is a major target for global business.
5. Speaking.
Each candidate chooses a topic from a list of three options (one general, one general business and one specialized business topic) and speaks about it for one minute. To avoid overlap, the candidates receive different lists. When each candidate has finished speaking, the other candidates have an opportunity to ask one or two questions. Candidates can take notes during the other candidates’ presentations.
Candidates have one minute to think about what they want to say and should use the time to make notes. Students are expected to plan, organize and present their ideas clearly. They should use appropriate phrases to structure their talk.
Introduction-----Main point 1 with supporting ideas----main point 2 with supporting ideas----(main point 3 with supporting ideas) ---- conclusion
Business practice in China
1. Listening.
(1) standards and expectations
(2) preparatory work
(3) late for meeting
(4) congestion
(5) senior manager
(6) business cards
(7) brief introduction
(8) audio-visual aids
(9) special dinner
(10) children
(11) hospitality
(12) sightseeing
Vocabulary
imperative adjective
1 extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately 必须的
It is imperative that politicians should be good communicators. 政客们必须做到与别人能够有效的沟通。
it is imperative (for somebody) to do something
It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.必须做到与客户以面对面的形式见面。
ￚimperatively adverb
discourteous adjective formal
not polite, and not showing respect for other people不礼貌的，失利的
ￚsynonym rude, impolite
It would be discourteous to ignore his request. 忽略他的要求很不礼貌。
ￚdiscourteously adverb
congested adjective
1 full of traffic
congested airspace
The roads out of Cornwall were heavily congested (=very congested). 康沃尔外的道路堵塞严重。
2 a part of your body that is congested is very full of liquid, usually blood or mucus
ￚcongestion noun [uncountable]
traffic congestion 交通堵塞
usher verb [transitive always + adverb/preposition]
to help someone to get from one place to another, especially by showing them the way带来;引导;领引
usher somebody into/to something
He ushered her into the room. 他领她进了屋。
usher somebody in
She stood back and ushered him in. 她向后退了一步，带他进来。
proceeding noun
1 the proceedings
also the proceeding
an event or a series of things that happen 进程，举动，做法
We watched the proceedings in the street below. 我们关注着在楼下街道发生的事件进程。
2 [countable usually plural] when someone uses a court of law to deal with a legal case 诉讼，诉讼程序
begin/open/take proceedings (against somebody) 开始诉讼
She has begun divorce proceedings.
John is taking legal proceedings against his ex-partner.
3 the proceedings
formal the official written records of a meeting, society etc 义项，项目，活动
the proceedings of
the proceedings of the conference 大会事项
proceed verb [intransitive]
1 formal to continue to do something that has already been planned or started 继续作计划好或已开始的事情
proceed with
The government was determined to proceed with the election. 政府决定继续举行选举。
Before proceeding further, we must define our terms. 在进一步进行之前，我们必须要明确我们的条款内容。
2 formal to continue 继续
Work is proceeding according to plan. 根据计划工作继续进行。
3 proceed to do something
to do something after doing something else first - used sometimes to express surprise or annoyance 开始做，着手(用来表达惊讶或不满)
Sammy took off his coat and proceeded to undo his boots. 萨米拖了外套，又开始揭开靴子。
4 [always +adverb/preposition] formal to move in a particular direction 前往
proceed to/towards/into etc
Passengers for Miami should proceed to gate 25. 去往迈阿密的乘客应前往25号门。
case ▶REASON/ARGUMENT◀
[countable usually singular] a set of reasons why something should happen or be done证明理由，理由陈述
Let me research the facts before I put forward a case. 让我在提交理由之前对事实做个调查。
case for
A group of us met to make our case for more women in the cabinet. 我们一行人碰上，谈论着内阁应该有更多妇女参政。
There is a strong case (=very good set of reasons) for getting parents more involved in the school’s activities. 让家长更多地参与学校活动是很要道理的。
count verb
▶FIND THE TOTAL◀
also count up
[transitive] to calculate the total number of things or people in a group 计算总数
I was amazed at the number of plants - I counted 147.
count (up) how many
Count up how many ticks are in each box.
▶SAY NUMBERS◀
also count up
[intransitive] to say numbers in order, one by one or in groups数数
count to
Sarah can count up to five now.
count by twos/fives etc
It’s quicker to count by tens (=saying 10, 20, 30 ...) .
▶BE ALLOWED◀
[intransitive and transitive] to be allowed or accepted, or to allow or accept something, according to a standard, set of ideas, or set of rules 被允许，被接受，接受，允许，算数
A linesman had his flag up so the kick did not count.
count as
Today’s session is counted as training, so you will get paid.
count towards
Results from the two rounds count towards championship points.
▶INCLUDE◀
[transitive] to include someone or something in a total 包括
There are more than two thousand of us, not counting the crew.
count somebody/something among something
I count Jules and Ady among my closest friends. 我把…和…算作是我的朋友。
▶CONSIDER SOMETHING◀
[transitive] to consider someone or something in a particular way 认为
count somebody/something as something
I don’t count him as a friend anymore.我不再把他看作是朋友。
You should count yourself lucky that you weren’t hurt. 你没有受伤，应该觉得自己很幸运。
▶IMPORTANT◀
[intransitive not in progressive] to be important or valuable 重要，有价值
First impressions really do count. 第一印象真得很重要。
count for
His promises don’t count for much. 他的承诺没有用。
His overseas results count for nothing. 他在海外的成果毫无用处。
u For most Chinese, the family counts above all else. It remains the dominant social and political unit in Chinese society so Chinese people will usually be very pleased to be asked about their children and their hopes for their children’s future.
u In social relationships Chinese people almost always seek to preserve harmony and face.
3. Writing.
Dear Chen
I was very pleased to receive your letter. As requested, I enclose some advice about visiting Milan.
There are lots of good hotels near the Fiera and I recommend the Hotel Wagner; it is about a ten-minute walk from the trade fair but also has metro and tram connections. The public transport system here is quite reliable and I do not think you need to hire a car; the traffic in Milan can be a bit chaotic.
Finding somewhere to eat in the evening should be easy. There are plenty of restaurants and pizzerias near the hotel. My favorite is Nove Cento, which serves excellent seafood pasta.
It is difficult to know what to recommend for sightseeing as the city has so much to offer. If you are interested in art, then the world famous “Last Supper” by Leonardo da Vinci is a short tram ride from the hotel or you could visit the Brera art gallery. There is also the Duomo, Milan’s huge gothic cathedral. If you are interested in football, there should be a midweek match featuring either AC or InterMilan. Alternatively, you could visit the fashion area around via Montenapoleone.
Thank you for inviting me for a meal one evening during your stay. I would be very happy to accept.
I look forward to hearing form you nearer the time. We can then make arrangements for where and when we are going to meet.
Best regards
Maurizio
metro noun[countable]
plural metros
a railway system that runs under the ground below a city 地铁
the Paris Metro
It’ll be quicker to go on the metro.
a metro station
tram noun [countable] especially British English
a vehicle for passengers, which travels along metal tracks in the street 有轨电车
American Equivalent: streetcar
connection noun
▶TRAIN/FLIGHT ETC◀
[countable] a train, bus, or plane which is arranged to leave at a time which allows passengers from an earlier train, bus, or plane to use it to continue their journey 火车、公共汽车、飞机等的联运
connection to
If this train gets delayed we’ll miss our connection to Paris. 如果这趟火车延误了，那么我们将错过联运的交通工具赶往巴黎。
chaotic adjective a chaotic situation is one in which everything is happening in a confused way 混乱的
a chaotic mixture of images
pizzeria noun [countable] a restaurant that serves pizza 比萨店
Gothic adjective
1 the Gothic style of building was common in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries and included tall pointed arches and windows and tall pillars歌德式建筑
a Gothic church 歌德式教堂
2 a Gothic story, film etc is about frightening things that happen in mysterious old buildings and lonely places, in a style that was popular in the early 19th century 歌德式故事、电影(19世纪早期流行的发生在神秘古老建筑中或孤僻地方的恐怖故事)
midweek adjective, adverb on one of the middle days of the week 一星期当中
There are often discounts available for midweek travel. 星期三、四出行总会有折扣。
ￚmidweek noun [uncountable]
The match will be played in midweek. 这场比赛将在一周的当中进行。
feature verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] to include or show something as a special or important part of something, or to be included as an important part 包括或展示有特色的事物
The exhibition features paintings by contemporary artists. 这次展览主要展出由当代艺术家创作的油画作品。
a cruise ship featuring extensive spa facilities 一艘配备有大量水疗设备的巡游船
feature in
A study of language should feature in an English literature course. 一门英国文学课中会包括对语言的研究。
feature prominently/strongly/heavily etc
Violence seems to feature heavily in all of his books. 所有他写的书中包含了大量暴力场面的描述。
feature somebody as something
The film featured Marlon Brando as the Godfather. 这部电影把马龙白兰度塑造成教父的形象。
2 [transitive] to show a film, play etc 放映电影，演出剧目
The Retro Theatre is featuring films by Frank Capra this week. …电影院这周正在放映有弗兰克卡普若指导的电影。
饼图写作
Language Focus
当一个饼被分割成若干份时，我们需要学会如下的语句要领：
White is the most car colour, which constitutes (accounts for, makes up, is) around 70 per cent.
即：形容词的比较级或最高级和该份额占据多少比例。
再比如：
Most people like to buy white cars.
White cars are twice as popular as red cars.
White cars are significantly more popular than blue cars.
Red cars are a little more popular than blue cars
Summary
When you need to describe a pie chart, you may use different sentence patterns which may be new to you.
l When describing pie charts, the language of comparison is used.
describing just one part of the chart.
The most popular
second most commoncar colour
coloris white.
is red.
Comparing two parts of the pie chart.
Redisfractionally
slightly
a lot
far
much
somewhat
significantly
substantially
considerablymore common
less popularthan blue.
Or
Whiteisabout twice
three timesas common
popularas red.
l Describing the percentage of one part
White, which is 56.11%, is considerably more common than blue, which makes up 12.72%.
Red, which constitutes 28.05%, is about twice as popular as blue, which is 12.72%.
The other colours, which constitute 3.12%, are considerably less popular than blue (12.72%).
There are two ways of incorporating data: by using
Brackets ( )
A relative clause (which + appropriate verb: is, makes up, constitutes, accounts for)
Oral Practice
------One-minute talk
Financial Management: how to identify ways of reducing costs in a company
ü 思路拓展
Production Department: bring in advanced machinery to reduce faulty goods and manpower
Admin Department: reduce the waste of stationery and courier service
Marketing Department: reduce the advertising costs---no TV adverts, instead, more radio and press adverts, reduce travel expenses by staying at lower level hotels and taking economy class
HR Department: reduce the training costs with full use of intranet
ü 话语连接
Every business should keep their costs at a low level to ensure more profits. Different departments can identify possible solutions to reduce costs.
First, advanced machinery should be brought in to reduce both faulty goods and manpower.
Second, cheaper courier service provider should be found for the Admin Department. By this, I mean
Finally, the use of corporate intranet is another good idea.
There’re many other approaches to reducing costs and every company should make relevant guidelines to keep costs low on a regular basis.
ü 实践操作
Every business should keep their costs at a low level to ensure more profits. Different departments can identify possible solutions to reduce costs. First, advanced machinery should be brought in to reduce both faulty goods and manpower in the Production Department. Second, a cheaper courier service provider should be found for the Admin Department. By this, I mean with company expansion, courier service is on the rise. A cheaper provider can mean a substantial saving. Finally, the use of corporate intranet is another good idea. Companies used to invite teachers to carry out in-house training programmes. Since the advancement of IT, companies should make full use of their intranet and facilitate staff’s learning. There’re many other approaches to reducing costs and every company should make relevant guidelines to keep costs low on a regular basis.
Business Passage Reading
Tech-sector marriages tend not to have happy endings
gMergers The New York Times
Having trouble naming a big merger among technology firms that ended well? There are not many.
With the ousting of Carly Fiorina from Hewlett-Packard Development, her much-derided acquisition of Compaq Computer Corp in 2002 was officially added to the long list of disasters.
Remember when AT&T swallowed the venerable National Cash Register Corp in a US$7.4 billion hostile takeover in 1991? Or Compaq’s US$9.6 billion acquisition of Digital Equipment Corp in 1998? Or how about American Online’s US$4 billion acquisition of Netscape Communications Corp in 1998? All failures.
More than half of mergers and acquisitions in all industries fail to live up to expectations but when it comes to big mergers in the technology industry, it seems the success rate is worse.
“There have been few mergers that have succeeded in maturing technology sectors,” said Pip Coburn, an analyst with UBS Warburg. “Large companies have established cultures and merging them in a fast-moving business like information technology is hard.”
The problem facing big technology deals such as HP and Compaq was that they often combined two struggling businesses rather than thriving ones, said Krishna Palepu, a director of research at the Harvard Business School.
Mr Palepu said that a significant amount of the value in information technology companies laid in the people who worked for the acquired firm, many of whom quickly left after a merger
Despite the history of less than successful deals, technology firms continue to press ahead with big mergers. In December last year, Symantec Corp, the maker of the Norton line of computer security software, agreed to buy Veritas Software Corp, a producer of data storage programs, for about US$13.5 billion. Shareholders have derided the deal and its value has fallen more than 30 per cent, to US$10.6 billion, based on Symantec’s closing price on Wednesday.
In December, Oracle Corp concluded a deal to buy PeopleSoft for US$10.3 billion. Oracle’s stock, which rose US$1.35 to close at US$14.63 when the deal was unveiled, has since fallen to US$13.17.
Of course not all technology deals turn sour. While the biggest seem to disappoint, smaller ones have been quite successful.
A.M. Sacconaghi, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein & Co, said that IBM Corp’s purchase of Tivoli Systems in 1996 for US$783 million “was a very good acquisition”.
Mr Coburn said some smaller transactions had been runaway hits, citing dozens of small deals in the mid-1990s that laid the foundation for Cisco Systems’ dominance in the electronic-switching market, such as its acquisition of Kalpana, a privately held company, in a stock swap valued a US$ 204 million.
“The deals that work well involve large companies buying research and develop,” he said.
oust verb [transitive] to force someone out of a position of power, especially so that you can take their place
oust somebody from something
The Communists were finally ousted from power.
deride verb [transitive] formal
to make remarks or jokes that show you think someone or something is silly or useless ￚsynonym mock
You shouldn’t deride their efforts.
deride somebody as something
The party was derided as totally lacking in ideas.
venerable adjective
1 [usually before noun] formal a venerable person or thing is respected because of their great age, experience etc - often used humorously
venerable financial institutions
the venerable guitarist Pat Martino
a venerable tradition
mature verb
1 [intransitive] to become fully grown or developed
As the fish matures, its colours and patternings change.
mature into
She has matured into a fine writer.
2 [intransitive] to become sensible and start to behave sensibly and reasonably, like an adult
He has matured a lot since he left home. He wants to prove just how much he has matured both as a player and as a man.
3 [intransitive] if a financial arrangement such as a bond or an insurance policy matures, it becomes ready to be paid
4 [intransitive and transitive] if cheese, wine etc matures, or if it is matured, it develops a good strong taste over a period of time
Few beers brewed in Britain are matured in the bottle. The olives are pulped, then left to mature for three years.
press on phrasal verb
also press ahead
to continue doing something, especially working, in a determined way
We’ll talk about your suggestion later - now let’s just press on.
press on with
Shall we press ahead with the minutes of the last meeting?
thriving adjective
a thriving company, business etc is very successful
a thriving tourist industry
unveil verb [transitive]
1 to show or tell people about a new product or plan for the first time
The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.
2 to remove the cover from something, especially as part of a formal ceremony
The statue was unveiled by the Queen.
ￚunveiling noun [countable]
sour adj.
informal if a relationship or plan turns or goes sour, it becomes less enjoyable, pleasant, or satisfactory
As time went by, their marriage turned sour.
The meeting ended on a sour note with neither side able to reach agreement.
runaway adjective [only before noun]
1 a runaway vehicle or animal is out of control
a runaway horse
2 happening very easily or quickly, and not able to be controlled 轻易取胜的，决定性的，失控的，飞涨的，
The film was a runaway success.
runaway inflation
a runaway victory
3 a runaway person has left the place where they are supposed to be
Homework
1.
u Your company has employed an outside consultant to organize an exhibition of your products, to be held next month. His work is unsatisfactory, and your boss has now decided that you should take over full responsibility instead. Your boss has asked you to write to the consultant to explain why he has been replaced.
u Write the letter to the consultant:
giving two reasons why he has been replaced
telling him he will be paid for this work
asking him to brief you on the current situation.
u Write 200-250 words.
2.
l The two pie charts below show a) the three main types of shop which sell your company’s products, and b) the proportion of your sales that each type of shop handle in 1994 and 1995.
l Using the information from the charts, write a short report which describes the situation in 1994 and compares it with the situation in 1995.
l Write about 120-140 words.
Channels of Distribution for 1994 and 1995
a) 1994 b) 1995