Homeworkreview
I. Homework review
mentality noun[countable]
plural mentalities
a particular attitude or way of thinking, especially one that you think is wrong or stupid 思维，理念
a get-rich-quick mentality 迅速致富的想法
I can’t understand the mentality of the people who are behind this kind of violence. 我不能理解那些制造暴乱的人们的想法。
ethical adjective [no comparative]
1 relating to principles of what is right and wrong 道德的
ￚsynonym moral
ethical issues/questions/problems
The use of animals in scientific tests raises difficult ethical questions. 用动物做科学实验引起了非常困难的道德问题。
The president must have the highest ethical standards. 总统必须是具有高度道德标准的人。
2 morally good or correct合乎道德标准的
ￚ反义词 unethical
I don’t think it’s ethical for you to accept a job you know you can’t do. 我认为对于你来说，接受这份你很清楚不能胜任的工作是不道德的行为。
ethical investment policies 符合道德标准的投资政策
(=investing only in businesses that are considered morally acceptable)
ￚethically adverb
tactic noun [countable]
1 a method that you use to achieve something 达成目的方法
a tactic employed to speed up the peace process 加速和平进程的方法
Republicans accuse Democrats of using delaying tactics (=something you do in order to give yourself more time) to prevent a final vote on the bill. 共和党人指责民主党使用拖延战术阻止对该法案进行投票表决。
Shock tactics are being used in an attempt to stop drink drivers. 惊吓的方法被用来制止那些酒后驾车的司机。
2 tactics [plural] the science of arranging and moving military forces in a battle 军事术语：战术
Ø five reviews of business books
Ø
1. The will to succeed is the most important factor in success.
2. People in different jobs and positions can all learn how to make other people change their minds.
3. Not all good ideas involve spending a lot of money.
4. Even when times are hard, growth is not impossible.
5. You can achieve more than people think you can.
6. You can get what you want in business, without lowering your moral standards.
7. Improvement can be achieved through following a daily system.
8. You can find out how to make a fortune.
Norbert Starr’s Positive Action Plan
Norbert Starr
Norbert Starr’s Positive Action Plan is an invaluable source of inspiration, motivation and ideas. For each day of the year, a quotation from Starr many drawn from previously unpublished material is followed by further instruction and a detailed plan of action for putting the concepts into practice. Each month has a theme, so that progress is organized and consistent; April, for instance, is ‘Goal Setting’ and May follows logically with ‘Action!’ Starr’s advice comes from many years in business, which is what makes it the most valuable available.
7. Improvement can be achieved through following a daily system.
1001 Ways to Promote Your Business
Geoffrey and John Behr
Nowadays it is your responsibility to take the initiative in promoting your business. This book is full of innovative and unusual promotional ideas that carry the added benefit of being inexpensive. By using these tried and tested techniques you will realize how easy it is to exceed your customers’ expectations and make your product, service or event worth talking about.
3. Not all good ideas involve spending a lot of money.
5. You can achieve more than people think you can.
The Million Dollar Mentality
Jemima Tate
Writer and business expert Jemima Tate reveals how millionaires think and what drives them to be best. Her philosophy is simple: millionaires are no different from anyone else and given the desire and determination to improve the quality of their lives, virtually anyone can realize their dreams. Tate provides the vital ingredients that can lead to financial independence and reveals the secrets of becoming seriously rich. This book will inspire anyone who wants to work towards millionaire status.
1. The will to succeed is the most important factor in success.
8. You can find out how to make a fortune.
Using the Power of Influence
Meg Carbery
Meg Carbery shows readers how to survive and prosper in the rapidly changing business and social environment by providing a comprehensive guide to techniques of persuasion at work which are both ethical and effective. This book is a comprehensive repertoire of professional influencing skills which will serve the needs of managers, leaders, professionals and sales people and those concerned with influencing the behaviour of employees who may be better qualified than themselves!
2. People in different jobs and positions can all learn how to make other people change their minds.
6. You can get what you want in business, without lowering your moral standards.
The Flexible Company
Darren Mackle
Companies need to continually adapt to changing conditions in order to survive. But if you want more than mere survival you’ll need more than automatic reactions and conventional wisdom. This highly practical guide recognizes the problems of doing business in periods of recession and offers tested strategies and tactics for creating growth through reinvention. Using his own business as a case study, Mackie shows how to reinvent your enterprise, expand your client base and market your products more effectively.
4. Even when times are hard, growth is not impossible.
答案：
D B E B D A C
VocabularyStudy
II. Vocabulary Study
(1) 与数字有关的词汇
strong
600/10,000 etc strong [only after number] used to give the number of people in a crowd or organization
the company’s 2,200 strong workforce
The crowd was 10,000 strong.
With the first anniversary of the 500,000-strong July 1 rally closing in, Beijing and the Tung Chee-hwa administration have acted to reduce the political temperature ahead of tomorrow’s march.
some adverb
some 500 people/50%/￡100 etc
an expression meaning about 500 people, 50%, ￡100 etc - used especially when this seems a large number or amount 形容数字之重
She gained some 25 pounds in weight during pregnancy. 她在怀孕期间体重增加了25磅之多。
(2) 单词原形本身带s
headquarters noun[countable]
abbreviation HQ
plural headquarters
1 the main building or offices used by a large company or organization
the headquarters of the United Nations
2 the place from which military operations are controlled
overseas adverb
to or in a foreign country that is across the sea
Chris is going to work overseas.
Most applications came from overseas.
overseas adjective [only before noun]
coming from, existing in, or happening in a foreign country that is across the sea
overseas students
overseas investment
canvas noun
1 [uncountable] strong cloth used to make bags, tents, shoes etc 帆布
a canvas bag
2 [countable] a painting done with oil paints, or the piece of cloth it is painted on 油画布，油画
The gallery has a canvas by Paul Cézanne.
’Four Women on a Bench’, oil on canvas, 1991
sideways adverb
1 to or towards one side 朝向一边的
A strong gust of wind blew the car sideways into the ditch.
2 with the side, rather than the front or back, facing forwards 靠边
They brought the piano sideways through the front door.
3 if you are moved sideways at work, you are given a job that is different but is at the same level as your old job 平级调动
He would be moved sideways, rather than demoted. 他将会被平级调动，而不是贬职。
ￚsideways adjective
a sideways glance 朝一边看去
Researchorespionage?
III. Research or espionage?
industrial espionage noun [uncountable] stealing secret information from one company in order to help another company(对竞争厂商)实业刺探活动，刺探活动
1. Speaking.
access verb [transitive] to find information, especially on a computer 从电脑上查找信息
Users can access their voice mail remotely. 使用者可以在很远的地方登陆电脑查看他们的语音邮件。
Methods: reading about the company in the newspapers, watching TV, looking at Internet information, talking to people who work for the company, posing as a potential customer, stealing information, getting hold of product samples, spying, infiltration, hacking into the computer system
infiltrate verb
1 [>intransitive always + adv/prep, transitive] to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it 秘密加入组织或潜入地方获取信息或毁坏它
Police attempts to infiltrate neo-Nazi groups were largely unsuccessful.
infiltrate into
Rebel forces have been infiltrating into the country.
2 [transitive] to secretly put people into an organization or place in order to find out information or to harm it 派某人秘密渗透进组织或地方
infiltrate somebody into something
They repeatedly tried to infiltrate assassins into the palace.
3 [transitive] to become a part of something - used especially to show disapproval 贬义词：成为一部分
Commercialism has been infiltrating universities for the past decade. 商业化在过去的十年间已经渗透进大学校园。
ￚinfiltrator noun [countable]
ￚinfiltration noun [uncountable]
hack [intransitive and transitive] to secretly find a way of getting information from someone else’s computer or changing information on it 秘密从别人电脑里获取信息或修改信息
---hack into
Somebody hacked into the company’s central database.
He managed to hack the code.
hacker noun [countable]
informal someone who secretly uses or changes the information in other people’s computer systems 黑客
A hacker had managed to get into the system.
ￚhacking noun [uncountable] 黑客攻击
Companies are increasingly worried by the threat of hacking and computer viruses.
blog noun [countable]
a web page that is made up of information about a particular subject, in which the newest information is always at the top of the page 网上日志
ￚsynonym web log
ￚblogger noun [countable] 博客
2. Reading.
How secure is your business?
3. Put the paragraphs into the correct order.
1. A
2. F
3. C
4. E
5. G
6. B
jumble verb
jumble also jumble up [transitive often passive]
to mix things together in an untidy way, without any order 没有顺序地、不整洁地讲物品放在一起
The photographs were all jumbled up. 这些照片杂乱无章地放着。
Ben’s words became jumbled. 本的话毫无头绪。
come in from the cold
to become accepted or recognized, especially by a powerful group of people被人接受，认可
no more than used to say that something is not too much, but exactly right or suitable 就是
Eline felt it was no more than her duty to look after her husband.
legend noun
1 [uncountable and countable] an old, well-known story, often about brave people, adventures, or magical events 传奇
legend of
the legend of St George and the dragon
ancient Greek legends
according to legend
According to legend, he escaped by leaping from the cliffs into the sea.
Legend has it that prisoners were brought here to be executed.
2 [countable] someone who is famous and admired for being extremely good at doing something 传奇人物
tennis/footballing/music etc legend
We must put more money into the sport if we want to create the tennis legends of the future.
a marvellous player who was a legend in his own lifetime .
nothing quite like: 完全不像，没有什么比得上
brewery noun[countable] plural breweries
a place where beer is made, or a company that makes beer啤酒厂
brew verb
1 [transitive] to make beer 酿造啤酒
Every beer on the menu was brewed locally. 菜单上的每一款啤酒都是在本地酿造的。
2 [intransitive] if a drink of tea or coffee is brewing, the taste is getting into the hot water 煮泡饮料
He read the paper while the tea brewed. 他在泡茶的同时读报纸。
3 [transitive] to make a drink of tea or coffee 沏茶，煮咖啡
freshly brewed coffee 刚煮出来的咖啡
4 be brewing
a) if something unpleasant is brewing, it will happen soon 正在酝酿当中
There’s trouble brewing in the office. 办公室中正酝酿着麻烦。
b) if a storm is brewing, it will happen soon 风暴即将来临
vat noun [countable] a very large container for storing liquids in大桶，大盆，大缸
dangle verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] to hang or swing loosely, or to make something do this悬摆
dangle from
A light bulb dangled from a wire in the ceiling.
dangle something in/over etc something
I dangled my feet in the clear blue water.
2 [transitive] to offer something good to someone, in order to persuade them to do something 将好事情摆在别人面前用来说服别人做某事
dangle something in front of somebody/before somebody
A good pay package and a company car were dangled in front of her. 一个好的薪水方案和公司配车摆在她面前。
imitation noun
1 [uncountable and countable] when you copy someone else’s actions 模仿
by imitation
Many people think that children learn language by imitation.
The remake of ’Casablanca’ was a pale imitation (=something that is much less good than the thing it imitates) of the original movie.
2 [countable] when you copy the way someone speaks or behaves, especially in order to be funny
ￚsynonym impression
She acted, she danced, she did imitations.
imitation of
his imitation of an American accent
3 [countable] a copy of something 仿制品
imitation of
She wore an imitation of a sailor’s hat.
imitation fur/pearls/silk/leather etc (=something that looks like an expensive material but is a copy of it)
an imitation fur coat
regardless of without being affected or influenced by something 不管
The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.
own up phrasal verb
to admit that you have done something wrong, especially something that is not serious 承认， 供认
Come on, own up. Who broke it?
---own up to (doing) something
No one owned up to breaking the window.
He was too frightened to own up to his mistake.
measure noun [countable]
▶ACTION◀
an action, especially an official one, that is intended to deal with a particular problem 方法
ￚsynonym step
Measures are being taken to reduce crime in the city.
drastic/tough/extreme etc measures
drastic measures to reduce traffic problems
New safety measures were being demanded after last night’s horrific train crash.
The new bridge was erected as a temporary measure to replace the one which was destroyed by floods.
precautionary/preventative measure (=something done to stop something bad from happening)
He was kept in hospital overnight as a precautionary measure.
▶SIGN/PROOF◀
be a measure of something
formal be a sign of the importance, strength etc of something, or a way of testing or judging something标准、尺度
The flowers and tears at the funeral were a measure of the people’s love for her. 在她葬礼上出现的鲜花和人们留下的眼泪可以说明人们对她的爱戴。
Exam results are not necessarily a true measure of a student’s abilities. 考试结果并不一定能够衡量学生的能力。
surveillance noun [uncountable]
1 when the police, army, etc watch a person or place carefully because they may be connected with criminal activities 监控
surveillance of
24-hour surveillance of the building 大楼24小时的监控
under surveillance
They were under constant close surveillance day and night.
The suspects were kept under surveillance.
electronic surveillance equipment 电子监控设备
2 when doctors, health departments etc watch an ill person or watch the development of a disease in a population 大夫、健康机构对病人或病情的监控
under surveillance
Diane was placed under psychiatric surveillance.
disgruntled adj. annoyed or disappointed, especially because things have not happened in the way that you wanted 不满的，不高兴的
a disgruntled client
bug n. [countable] a small piece of electronic equipment for listening secretly to other people’s conversations 窃听器
tender noun [countable]
1 especially British English a formal statement of the price you would charge for doing a job or providing goods or services标书
American Equivalent: bid
Our bid was the lowest tender.
put something out to tender British English
(=to ask different companies to say how much they will charge for doing a particular job) 招标
The contract for building the houses will be put out to tender.
--- call for/invite tenders 招标
--- put in/make/submit a tender for sth 投票
tender verb
1 [transitive] formal to formally offer or show something to someone 正式地给某人提供或展示某物
As company secretary, you must tender the proposal. 作为公司秘书，你必须提供建议书。
tender something to somebody
The seller has the right to keep the goods until payment is tendered to him. 销售人员有权保留物品直到货款给他为止。
Minton tendered her resignation on Friday.
2 [intransitive] British English to make a formal offer to do a job or provide goods or services for a particular price投标
American Equivalent: bid
tender for
We are unable to tender competitively for the contract.
foul play an action that is dishonest, unfair, or illegal, especially one that happens during a sports game
leak verb
1 [intransitive and transitive] if a container, pipe, roof etc leaks, or if it leaks gas, liquid etc, there is a small hole or crack in it that lets gas or liquid flow through 泄漏
The roof is leaking in several places. 屋顶有好几处泄漏。
A tanker is leaking oil off the coast of Scotland. 油罐在苏格兰海岸泄漏。
2 [transitive] to deliberately give secret information to a newspaper, television company etc 将秘密泄露给报纸、电视台
The report’s findings had been leaked.
leak something to somebody
civil servants who leak information to the press
grudge noun [countable]
1 a feeling of dislike for someone because you cannot forget that they harmed you in the past不满，积怨
grudge against
Is there anyone who might have had a grudge against her? 是不是有人对她怀有积怨?
Mr Gillis was not normally a man to bear grudges. 怀有积怨
I’m not harbouring some secret grudge against you.
It could be the work of someone with a grudge against the company.
You let nasty little personal grudges creep in.
precaution noun [countable usually plural]
something you do in order to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening 预防措施
Fire precautions were neglected. 他们忽略了防火措施。
as a precaution
The traffic barriers were put there as a safety precaution. 交通隔离栏作为安全措施被安放在那里。
precaution against
Save your work often as a precaution against computer failure. 在电脑上工作要经常保存文件以防电脑出故障。
wise/sensible precaution 明智的预防措施
The trails are well marked, but carrying a map is a wise precaution. 虽然路线已经被明确地标出来了，但是带上张地图以防万一也是应该的。
Vets took precautions to prevent the spread of the disease. 兽医大夫采取预防措施防止疾病的传播。
take the precaution of doing something
I took the precaution of insuring my camera. 我将相机投保以防意外发生。
devise verb [transitive] to plan or invent a new way of doing something发明，策划
She devised a method for quicker communications between offices. 她发明了一种快速在办公室之间交流的方法。
shred verb[transitive]
past tense and past participle shredded present participle shredding
1 to cut or tear something into small thin pieces撕碎，切碎
Coleslaw is made with shredded cabbage.
2 to put a document into a shredder 用碎纸机切碎
Carlson was collecting messages, reading them, then shredding them.
perpetrate verb [transitive] formal
to do something that is morally wrong or illegal 犯罪，做(在道德上的)错事
Who could have perpetrated such a dreadful crime? 谁能犯下如此令人发指的罪行?
ￚperpetration noun [uncountable]
perpetrator noun [countable] formal
someone who does something morally wrong or illegal 犯罪者
The perpetrators were never caught. 犯罪者还没有捉到。
perpetrator of
The perpetrators of racially motivated violence must be punished. 种族情绪膨胀的犯罪者必须要受到惩罚。
paranoid adjective
1 believing unreasonably that you cannot trust other people, or that they are trying to harm you or have a bad opinion of you 多疑的
be/become/get paranoid
Malcolm got really paranoid, deciding that there was a conspiracy out to get him. … 真是多疑，觉得有人要阴谋绑架他。
paranoid about
He has always been paranoid about his personal security. 他总是对个人安全问题多虑。
2 medical suffering from a mental illness that makes you believe that other people are trying to harm you有妄想狂倾向的，类偏执狂的;
a patient suffering from paranoid schizophrenia
academic noun [countable] a teacher in a college or university大学教师
shady adjective
comparative shadier superlative shadiest
1 protected from the sun or producing shade成荫的
a shady street
It was nice and shady under the trees.
2 probably dishonest or illegal可疑的，见不得人的，秘密的
a shady character 不诚实的性格
Methods mentioned in the article:
Stealing a sample of the product for analysis, bugging, infiltration, hacking, copying information onto a disk and taking it home, leaking inside information, photocopying internal documents.
Informationsecurity
IV. Information security
1. Listening.
Vocabulary in the Tapescript:
up for something
a) available for a particular process 准备好
The house is up for sale. 这座房子可以出售了。
This week 14 of Campbell’s paintings were put up for auction. 这周，14幅坎贝尔的油画准备拍卖。
Even the most taboo subjects were up for discussion. 即使是最紧急的话题也准备讨论。
b) being considered for election or for a job 在选举或工作挑选中被考虑
Senator Frank Church was coming up for re-election that year. 那年，参议员….又来参加选举。
She is one of five candidates up for the chief executive’s job. 她是五个参与竞争总经理职位候选人中的一个。
c) appearing in a court of law because you have been accused of a crime (由于被空犯罪而)出席法庭
Ron’s up for drinking and driving next week. … 下周将参加法庭对他酒后驾车的开庭审理。
d) spoken willing to do something or interested in doing something 愿意做，感兴趣
We’re going to the pub later - are you up for it? 我们一会儿就去酒吧，你愿意去吗?
job ▶CRIME◀
[countable] informal a crime in which money is stolen from a bank, company etc
Police believe it was an inside job (=done by someone who works for the company where the crime happens).
Octacon has lost several important contracts to its rival, Centronics. Centroincs seemed to know when the contracts were up for renewal and had information about Octacon’s terms and conditions. Octacon needs to find out if one of its staff has leaked the information or if the company has been infiltrated.
2. Listening.
Vocabulary in the Tapescript:
reference noun [countable]
a) also letter of reference
a letter containing information about you that is written by someone who knows you well, and is usually intended for a new employer
We will need references from your former employers.
b) a person who provides information about your character and abilities
ￚsynonym referee
Ask your teacher to act as one of your references.
make noises about doing something
to say that you are considering doing something
He is now making noises about starting his own business.
archive [transitive]
1 to put documents, books, information etc in an archive 把……存档
2 to save a computer file in a way that uses less space than usual, because you do not use that file often but may need it in the future
print something ↔ off/out phrasal verb 打印出，印发
to produce a printed copy of a computer document
Could you print a copy off for me?
I’ll print the file out and then we can look at it.
printout: a sheet or length of paper with printed information on it, produced by a computer
discreet adjective
careful about what you say or do, so that you do not offend, upset, or embarrass people or tell secrets 小心的，谨慎的
ￚopposite indiscreet
He assured her that he would be discreet.
I stood back at a discreet distance.
ￚdiscreetly adverb
word ▶NEWS/INFORMATION◀
[singular, uncountable] a piece of news or a message 新闻，消息
Word came that our duties would be changed.
’Have you heard from Ann?’ ’No, not a word.’
There was still no word from John.
word gets out/around (=people hear about something)
It’s a very small town and if you do something bad, word gets around.
the word is (that)/word has it (that) (=people are saying that)
The word is that the two companies are planning a merger.
spread/pass the word (=tell other people some information or news)
Health officials are encouraging people to spread the word about the benefits of exercise.
send/bring word old-fashioned formal (=send or bring a message)
The mayor sent word he’d be late.
morale noun [uncountable]
the level of confidence and positive feelings that people have, especially people who work together, who belong to the same team etc士气，精神面貌
A win is always good for morale.
low/high morale 士气低迷/高昂
low staff morale
boost/raise/improve/build morale 振奋士气
There is a need to raise morale in the teaching profession.
the Prince’s morale-boosting (=intended to raise morale) mission to the war-torn country
maintain/keep up/restore morale 保持士气
The media feels pressure to keep the morale of the country up in war time.
pose verb
▶CAUSE PROBLEM◀
[transitive] to exist in a way that may cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc 引起
pose a threat/danger/risk
Officials claim the chemical poses no real threat.
pose something to/for somebody/something
The events pose a challenge to the church’s leadership.
Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the administration.
▶PICTURE◀
[intransitive] to sit or stand in a particular position in order to be photographed or painted, or to make someone do this 摆姿势
pose for
We posed for photographs.
3 pose a question 提出问题
to ask a question, especially one that needs to be carefully thought about
In her book she poses the question,’How much do we need to be happy?’
4 pose as somebody
to pretend to be someone else, in order to deceive people 假装别人，欺骗别人
Bryce was caught posing as a lawyer.
go down well/badly/a treat etc
a) to get a particular reaction from someone 反应
His suggestion did not go down very well. 他的建议没有得到别人的良好反应。
The movie went down very well in America. 这部电影在美国反应良好。
The idea went down like a lead balloon (=was not popular or successful). 这个想法象泄了气的皮球一样不受人们欢迎。
b) if food or drink goes down well, you enjoy it 受人喜爱的食物或饮料
I’m not that hungry so a salad would go down nicely. 我不饿，所以一份沙拉就可以了。
Action discussedImplications
Check CVs and previous employers of everyone who has joined the company over the last 12 months.
Check appraisal records for anyone in Sales who is unhappy.
Check who’s got access to what information.
Issue individual computer passwords.
Check employees’ e-mail.
Bring in a security consultant to pose as a temp in the Sales Department.It will take ages.
They need to be thorough. If they don’t find anything sin sales, they need to check appraisal records for the whole company.
The company would know who was logging on, when and what they were looking at.
The company could see who was dissatisfied and then check their appraisal notes. But it would be bad for morale if anyone found out.
She could find out all the gossip. But again, it would be very bad for morale if anyone found out.
3. Language.
Conditionals 1 and 2
The uses of the conditional which appear in the tapescripts are as follows.
Conditional 1
l To refer to the consequences of an action/situation which the speaker considers to be probable:
If there genuinely is a problem, then we’ll have to find out whether Centronics has infiltrated us.
What if we don’t come up with anything, what are we going to do then?
Well, start with Sales and then keep looking if you don’t find anything.
Conditional 2
l To refer to the consequences of a action/situation which the speaker considers hypothetical or unlikely:
If word got out about this, then whoever’s doing it would stop and destroy the evidence.
l In polite instructions or requests:
And if I could see them, too, I could see who’s dissatisfied.
Both these conditional forms can be used to refer to present or future time.
Conditional 1 tends to be thought of as :
if + present simple will + infinitive
However, most examples do not fit into this rigid pattern. It may be more useful for you to think of it as:
if + any present form any modal (or going to )+ infinitive
The imperative may also be used in the second clause.
Conditional 2 tends to be thought of as:
if + past simple would + infinitive
However, most examples do not fit into this rigid pattern. It may be more useful for you to think of it as:
if + past simple or continuous certain modals + infinitive
4. Asking for clarification.
Listening 1: But surely, you don’t think that …?
Listening 2: Which means …, right?
You don’t think …, do you?
Do you mean ….?
Oralpractice
V. Oral Practice.
请根据下面提出的模拟场景与自己的另一学习伙伴讨论3分钟。
Scenario
Staff canteen
Your company will set up a new staff canteen. You have been asked for your ideas about the canteen.
Discuss the situation together, and decide:
l What the advantages would be of setting up a staff canteen.
l Whether companies should help with the costs of meals
思路提示：
Setting up a context
Our company specialises in producing shoes with a 2000-strong workforce. Even though some design staff can work flexible hours, production staff have to work three shifts. Also, we have a small proportion of office-based staff who carry out daily routine administrative tasks.
Advantages/Benefits
I believe the benefits are tremendous. For one thing, production workers have to have breakfast, lunch or even supper at the factory to facilitate their work. Besides, free lunch meals can be a form of motivation for office-based staff. A further rationale behind a canteen is that we can ensure regular dialogue among all levels of staff. This can motivate staff.
Whether companies should help with the costs of meals
I think our company should help with the costs of meals. We can draw up regulations on salary levels. For instance, staff can receive basic payment. Then they can have allowances including free lunch vouchers with each worth at 10 RMB. Therefore, I don’t think our company will feel financially burdened with the costs of meals.
Businesspassagereading
VI. Business Passage Reading.
Lenovo clears final hurdle in IBM acquisition
US committee approves US$1.75b deal after investigation into security matters
gACQUISITIONS
Michael Logan
A United States government committee has approved IBM’s sale of its personal computer business to Beijing-based Lenovo Group, concluding an investigation into national security matters that had threatened to scupper the US$1.75 billion deal.
The two companies said yesterday the Committee on Foreign Investment had consented to the transaction, about a week before its decision was due.
Earlier reports indicated that US officials were concerned about an IBM facility in North Carolina could be used as a base by Lenovo employees to engage in industrial espionage.
They also expressed worries about Lenovo filling computer orders on behalf of the US government, an important IBM client.
Lenovo executives would not say what concessions were offered to assure committee officials, but added none was made that would restrict the company’s ability to do business in the US.
“I really cannot give you the details of the terms because this is sort of a private agreement,” chief financial officer Mary Ma Xuezheng said.
“There’s nothing that will disable us [from] normal business after the transaction, including with the US government.”
Ms Ma also brushed off mainland media reports that four banks participating in a US$600 million loan to finance the transaction were having second thoughts.
“It’s going on and will be completed in a few weeks,” she said.
Executives from both companies will now turn their attention to separating the computer unit from IBM and integrating it into Lenovo’s operations.
The companies hope to finalise the deal by the end of the second quarter.
“The first priority is to keep the customer loyalty,” Ms Ma said, reiterating that fewer than 10 per cent of customers were unhappy with the deal.
However, the computer sector has changed dramatically since Lenovo first announced the deal in January - at least in terms of the industry’s leadership.
Last month, Carly Fiorina was forced to resign as chief executive of Hewlett-Packard, largely because of perceptions the company’s purchase of Compaq Computer had not worked.
Ms Ma sought to highlight the differences between the Levono-IBM deal and the HP-Compaq merger. Lenovo does most of its business on the mainland, but after the transaction 70 per cent of its revenue will come from global markets.
“We really don’t have that much overlap. This is different from their transaction,” she said. “The synergy will be more easily obtained.”
“We have a very high level of confidence. In a few quarters, you will be able to tell whether this transaction is accretive or dilutive.”
scupper verb [transitive] British English
1 to ruin someone’s plans or chance of being successful - used especially in news reports American Equivalent: scuttle 突袭并消灭，使伤残，打败
Plans to build a private hospital have been scuppered after a government inquiry.
2 to deliberately sink your own ship
consent verb [intransitive]
to give your permission for something or agree to do something
consent to
Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage.
consent to do something
He rarely consents to do interviews.
concession noun
▶SOMETHING YOU ALLOW SOMEBODY◀
[countable] something that you allow someone to have in order to end an argument or a disagreement
concession to
a policy of no concessions to terrorists
make any concessions.
his readiness to make concessions on many of the issues raised
We will try to force further concessions from the government.
▶A RIGHT◀
[uncountable and countable] a special right that a particular person or group of people is allowed to have, for example by the government or an employer, or the act of giving or allowing something as a right 特许权，特许
the ending of tax concessions for home owners
the import/export concessions that had been granted to the island
the concession of autonomy to the universities
▶PRICE REDUCTION◀
[countable] British English a reduction in the price of tickets, fees etc for certain groups of people, for example old people or children
ￚsynonym reduction
To qualify for travel concessions you have to be 60.
Open daily, adults ￡4, concessions ￡2 (=people who have the right to a concession pay ￡2) .
▶CHANGE OF BEHAVIOUR◀
[countable] a change in your behaviour that you make because of a particular situation or idea
He took off his jacket as a concession to the heat.
He made no concessions to fashion.
▶BUSINESS◀
[countable] American English
a) the right to have a business in a particular place, especially in a place owned by someone else
The company owns valuable logging and mining concessions.
b) a small business that sells things in a place owned by someone else
Joe runs a hamburger concession in the mall. 租地营业商摊
▶THINGS SOLD◀
concessions [plural] American English the things sold at a concession stand
brush somebody/something ↔ off phrasal verb
to refuse to listen to someone or their ideas, especially by ignoring them or saying something rude
Corman brushed off accusations that he had acted dishonestly.
ￚsee also brush-off
have second thoughts
to start having doubts about a decision you have made
You’re not having second thoughts, are you?
have second thoughts about
She’d had second thoughts about the whole project.
on second thoughts
British English on second thought American English
spoken used to say that you have changed your mind about something
I’ll call her tomorrow - no, on second thought, I’ll try now.
overlap noun [uncountable and countable]
the amount by which two activities, ideas, things etc overlap
overlap between
There is considerable overlap between the girls’ and boys’ test results.
overlap of
an overlap of about two centimetres
a large degree of overlap
accrete v. 添加生长，连生，合生，
dilute v. 冲淡，稀释，削弱，降低，使颜色变淡，退色
ReadingTestPart2
VII. Reading Test Part 2
Part Two
第二部分共有6道题，考察的形式也是搭配题，但解题的思路则完全不同。题目中会首先给你一篇文章，只不过文章并不完整，会有六处各缺少一句话。而选项则有8个，其中选项H是例子，可以排除，所以说这道题是从7选6，只有一个干扰项。这道题的阅读量为450-500字左右。下面我们就来看一道例题。
I. Example
Questions 9-14
l Read this text from a business magazine.
l Choose the best sentence from A-H to fill in each of the gaps.
l For each gap 9-14, mark one letter A-H.
l Do not use any letter more than once.
l There is an example at the beginning (0).
Making new products a success
After successfully creating a new product it is essential to find an effective way of marketing it. Promising British creations have often failed to sell because they have not been correctly marketed by those who had the idea, with the result that large foreign corporations have successfully taken over the marketing and made huge profits from a product created by someone else. 0 H
It is more expensive to stop your competitors when they have already entered a market than it is to stop their initiatives at birth. 9 This early disposal of any competition is obviously preferable, but it is possible that once you have established a new market, your competitors may spoil your plans by trying to gain a share of your profits, increase the cost of entering the market, or start their own related market venture. 10 If you are aware of what your competitors are planning, you can stay one step ahead.
Choosing the best time to enter the market is also important. Researchers have conflicting views about the value of being first to market. 11 But recent research indicates that commitment to leading the market is more important. Such commitment involves having a vision for the medium term of how the market will evolve, being prepared to “stay with it”, and adapting your product and service as the market develops and new entrants emerge.
Looking ahead at what is likely to happen in the market is essential. Many new products fail because their promoters either neglect to anticipate the conditions of future markets, or mistakenly assume that their products will not need any alterations in the future. 12 Markets change constantly and forward thinking of this kind dictates the level of investment necessary to ensure success. Many organizations have tried to minimize the risk by cutting back on initial investment. 13
The ability to predict and plan, then, is the real key to the success of a new product. 14 You may develop a great product, but still fail because your company hasn’t adapted to a new environment.
A. Some have argued that more damage is done by being over budget than by launching the product six months late.
B. This could be done by effective advertising before establishing a market, which may discourage them from entering it.
C. Without these skills, a new product is very unlikely to be successful in the market place.
D. When companies launch such new products, they should be prepared to adjust over time and recognize the need for future change to the product.
E. Outside investment, however, is not always an aid to the success of a new product.
F. In order to stop them doing any of these things, it is important to improve your market intelligence.
G. But such attempts at economizing invariably fail, as other companies with more realistic financial planning move in.
H. The lesson here is that it is important to put as much effort into selling the product as into its creation.
Analysis:
This task requires an overt focus on cohesion粘合(力)and coherence一致性 to which many students may not be accustomed. Understanding, not only of the meaning of the text but of some of the features of its structure, is tested. You need to read for structure as well as detail.
When dealing with this kind of question type, you should take the following steps:
1.Read the first paragraph including the example answer to set up an outline about the passage;
2.Read Question 9 and take all the seven choices into consideration;
3.If you can’t choose the answer to question 9, you can then continue to read the passage to the other questions with the seven choices;
4. While reading, you should find out the inherent relations between each sentence and bear the topic in mind.
Step 1: Reading the passage and setting up an outline
After successfully creating a new product it is essential to find an effective way of marketing it. Promising British creations have often failed to sell because they have not been correctly marketed by those who had the idea, with the result that large foreign corporations have successfully taken over the marketing and made huge profits from a product created by someone else. 0 H The lesson here is that it is important to put as much effort into selling the product as into its creation.
Step 2: Reading Question 9 taking seven choices into consideration
It is more expensive to stop your competitors when they have already entered a market than it is to stop their initiatives at birth. 9 This early disposal of any competition is obviously preferable,
This part of the passage is to tell readers that in order to avoid your competitors entering the market, you should do something. ‘This’ in the following sentence refers to the method. In this way, you can find out the inherent cohesion and coherence.
Key: B
This could be done by effective advertising before establishing a market, which may discourage them from entering it.
Do not stop reading sentences at the question. You should continue to read one or two sentences afterwards. Therefore, you can weave a context and find the cohesion and coherence.
Step 3: Continuing to read other questions. Sometimes you may not find the answer directly and quickly, then you should skip to other questions.
Question 10
but it is possible that once you have established a new market, your competitors may spoil your plans by trying to gain a share of your profits, increase the cost of entering the market, or start their own related market venture. 10 If you are aware of what your competitors are planning, you can stay one step ahead.
Analysis:
The meaning of these sentences is that once you have set up your market, your competitors may find ways to compete with you. In this case, the answer should be F.
Key: F
In order to stop them doing any of these things, it is important to improve your market intelligence.
Question 11
Choosing the best time to enter the market is also important. Researchers have conflicting views about the value of being first to market. 11
Key: A
Some have argued that more damage is done by being over budget than by launching the product six months late.
Question 12
Looking ahead at what is likely to happen in the market is essential. Many new products fail because their promoters either neglect to anticipate the conditions of future markets, or mistakenly assume that their products will not need any alterations in the future. 12
Key: D
When companies launch such new products, they should be prepared to adjust over time and recognize the need for future change to the product.
Question 13
Markets change constantly and forward thinking of this kind dictates(支配) the level of investment necessary to ensure success. Many organizations have tried to minimize the risk by cutting back on initial investment. 13
Key: G
But such attempts at economizing invariably (经常地) fail, as other companies with more realistic financial planning move in.
Question 14
The ability to predict and plan, then, is the real key to the success of a new product. 14 You may develop a great product, but still fail because your company hasn’t adapted to a new environment.
Key: C
Looking ahead at what is likely to happen in the market is essential.
答案: B F A D G C