1. An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually ____ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction.
(A) making
(B) and make
(C) being made
(D) having made
2. ____ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste.
(A) In preparation
(B) The preparing of
(C) To prepare
(D) Prepared
3. When two straight lines meet, ____ an angle.
(A) it is formed
(B) formed
(C) they form
(D) to form
4. Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training include genetics ____ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools.
(A) nor
(B) and
(C) while
(D) if
5. ____ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth.
(A) Most
(B) The most
(C) Most of which
(D) In most of the
6. The digestive enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into components ____ readily absorbed by the human body.
(A) that can be
(B) and are
(C) which they
(D) are to be
7. ____ the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.
(A) Whatever
(B) Even though
(C) In spite of
(D) Regardless
8. Not until the dedication of Yellowstone Park in the late nineteenth century ____ a national park.
(A) the United States had
(B) did the United States have
(C) when the United States had
(D) the United States having
9. Daniel Ken Inouye, Hawaiis first Cong ressman, was elected to the United States Senate in 1963, where ____ known for his unbiased views on civil issues.
(A) being
(B) it is he
(C) he became
(D) having become
10. Because caricature tends to emphasize the peculiarities of a subject, ____ an effective vehicle for pictorial satire.
(A) which is often
(B) and often seen as
(C) it is often
(D) many of which are
11. In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Perkins School for the Blind, ____ for children in Boston, Massachusetts.
(A) that institutes
(B) while instituted
(C) was an institution
(D) an institute
12. Early forms of life on Earth, ____ in the absence of oxygen, required elements such as sulfur instead.
(A) which lived
(B) whose life
(C) lived
(D) were living
13. People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into powder ____ .
(A) water to be added
(B) for adding water then
(C) and water added
(D) and then adding water
14.Often very annoying weeds, ____ and act as hosts to many insect pests.
(A) that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods
(B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods
(C) the goldenrods crowding out of less hardy plants
(D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants
15. Starting around 7000 B.C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere ____ temperatures warmer than at present.
(A) with experience of
(B) experienced
(C) experiencing
(D) experience
Keys:
1-5: ACCBA
6-10: ABBCC
11-15:DADDB
. The flexibility of film allows the artist __________ unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
(A) to bring
(B) bringing
(C) is brought
(D) brings
答案：A
测试点：不定式。
分析：allow+sb.十不定式为固定结构。4个答案中只有(A)to bring是不定式。
2. Traditionally, __________in New England on Thanksgiving Day.
(A) when served is sweet cider
(B) when sweet cider is served
(C) is served sweet cider
(D) sweet cider is served
答案：D
测试点：主谓结构。
分析：原句主、谓俱缺，应选一完整的主语+谓语的结构，即(D)。(A)、(C)不通，(B)则是从句，不适合此句。
3. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent __________, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope
答案：C
测试点：倒装句。
分析：Typical of放在句首的句子，要用倒装句。Typical of…短语是表语，应在答案中选择“系动词+主语”的结构，即(C)。
解题要点：遇倒装句在4个答案中寻找以系动词 (be)开始的结构。
4. Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and __________, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.
(A) reforming society
(B) social reformer
(C) who reformed society
(D) her social reform
答案：B
测试点：并列结构。
分析：本句and前后都应是说明身份的名词性成份，故应选 (B) social reformer与nurse并列。(A)为动词性的分词词组;(C)是从句;(D)虽是名词性的，但不说明身份。
5. Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae __________ harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
(A) does not
(B) but does no
(C) except
(D) without
答案：D
测试点：介词。
分析：空格后的harming是动名词，前面应加介词，故选(D)。(A)是谓语动词的否定式，而farming不是谓语动词：(B)可以说does no harm (to)，但不能说does no harming;(C)虽为介词，但意思不对。
6. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people __________long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living
答案：C
测试点：谓语。
分析：这句话有主语但缺少谓语动词，所以选择能作谓语的(C)。(A)、(B)结构是错误的，而且都重复了主语they;(D)不是谓语动词形式。
7. __________that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
(A) Anthropologists have discovered
(B) Anthropologists discovering
(C) The discovery by anthropologists
(D) Discovered by anthropologists
答案：A
测试点：复合句。
分析：空格后紧接that时，前一定是主句。故要在4个答案中选主谓语完整的结构即(A)。其余3个答案都无谓语动词。
解题要点：连接词that在TOEFL结构题中是至关重要的提示符号。它表明此句是复合句，故that前后均应是主谓完整的句子，即主句和从句。
8.In 1964__________of Henry Ossawa Tanner’s paintings was shown at the Smithsonian Institution.
(A) was a major collection
(B) that a major collection
(C) a collection was major
(D) a major collection
答案：D
测试点：主语。
分析：此句缺少主语。答案中只有(D)是名词结构，能够充当主语。
9. __________irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
(A) Its
(B) Where its
(C) Since its
(D) Because of its
答案：D
测试点：介词短语。
分析：逗号后为一完整的句子，则逗号前只有两种可能;短语或从句。4个答案中无一有谓语动词，故正确答案只可能是短语。因此，选择(D)。Because of为介词短语。(C)since作介词时是“自从”的意思，如表示“因为”则是连词。
10.In order to remain in existence,__________must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
(A) a profit-making organization
(B) a profit-making organization which
(C) therefore a profit-making organization
(D) whichever a profit-making organization
答案：A
测试点：主语。
分析：助动词must前一定是主语。应选择名词性结构作主语，即(A)
11.The greater the population there is in a locality,__________for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(A) the greater the need there is
(B) greater need
(C) is there great need
(D) the great need
答案：A
测试点：并列的比较级句型。
分析：(the十比较级…the+比较级)看到句首The greater,就要开始从答案中寻找相同句型的比较级结构。(A)同样以the greater开头，其后结构亦相同，故选(A)。(B)缺the;(C)及(D)均未用比较级。
解题要点："the十比较级…the+比较级”结构是TOEFL常考题型，其前后两个比较级句型应结构对等。
12. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events.
(A) even influencing
(B) it may even influence
(C) may even influence
(D) that it may even influence
答案：B
测试点：分号结构。
分析：分号的作用相当于句号，分号前后都应是完整的句子，故选 (B)。(A)不是句子;(C)无主语;(D)是从句。
13. __________a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.
(A) Has been
(B) It was while
(C) She was
(D) As
答案：D
测试点：介词。
分析：As a child是一介词短语，作状语，后面是完整的句子。
14. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________round shape into a teardrop shape.
(A) of the drop
(B) the drop’s
(C) drop of
(D) drops their
答案：B
测试点：定语。
分析：Round shape前缺限制它的定语，故选名词所有格(B)the drop’s。另，注意change为及物动词，后面直接加宾语，无须再加任何介词，故排除(A)。
15.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
(A) If
(B) But
(C) With
(D) Once
答案：C
测试点：介词。
分析：modern offices becoming more mechanized是动名词，做介词with的宾语。(A)、(B)为连词，后接从句;(D)为连词时意为“一旦”，作副词时则是“曾经”，“一度”的意思。
16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became secretary of labor.
答案：A
测试点：否定词。
分析：no，not以及none这三个否定词的用法，常在题中故意混淆。副词not不能修饰名词woman，此外应用形容词no。
解题要点：no或not出现在TOEFL改错题中，应首先考虑其是否正确。
17. The human body relies on certainty nutrients for its survival.
答案：C
测试点：词性。
分析：此处修饰名词nutrients要用形容词certain，不用名词certainty.
18. Too much electric current may flow into a circuit as a result either of a fault in the circuit and of an outside event such as lightning.
答案：D
测试点：连词短语
分析：either…or…的用法。看到either这个词，要注意寻找其后是否有相应的or。and应为or。
解题要点;either…or，neither…nor, both…and等连词习语为TOEFL常考题型，注意其前后搭配。
19. The Appalachian Trail, extending approximately 2,020 miles from Maine to Georgia, is the longer continuous marked footpath in the world.
答案：C
测试点：最高级。
分析：形容词或副词前有the，后有in the world等表示范围—类的短语，应当用最高级形式。此处longer应为longest。
解题要点;当TOEFL改错题中出现划线的形容词或副词的比较级或最高级形式时，应注意其用法是否正确。
20. For years, elephants were hunted for food and ivory, and as a result theirs numbers have been greatly reduced.
答案：B
测试点：词性。
分析：numbers为名词，前面要用形容词性的代词their。theirs为名词性质
21. Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.
答案：A
测试点：词性。
分析：carrier是名词，而此处需要谓语动词。应为carries。
解题要点：名词后缀-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出现在TOEFL改错题中，应引起特别注意。
22. Although afflicted by serious eyesight problems, Alicia Alonso was one the principal stars of the American Ballet Theater and later formed her own dance company.
答案：C
测试点：习语。
分析：One of the+复数名词/名词词级是固定说法，此处缺of.
23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.
答案：B
测试点：主谓数的一致。
分析：主语是单数的combat,系动词要用心
解题要点：介词短语of animals是名词combat的定语，这类以of引接的定语后置结构要特别注意主谓的数是否一致。
24. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
答案：B
测试点：并列结构/词性。
分析：and的前后部分应同词性、同性质，此处应用副词effectively与and前的simply和directly并列，不用形容词effective。
25. Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.
答案：D
测试点：词性
分析：表示“在长度方面”固定的说法是in length，不用long。从词性考虑，介词诅后要加名词(1ength),不能加形容词(1ong)。
解题要点;TOEFL考题中表示长(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等词的名词及其形容词形式常常混淆。
编辑推荐：
请关注读书人网（http://www.reader8.net/） 托福考试频道！