Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity(口腔)。 Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.
Female smokers are thought to be less affected be cause they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say. "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke， don't start". Some competent physicians and research workers - though their small number is dwindling(减小) even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory (呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment - atmospheric pollution， increased nervous stress， chemical substances in processed food， or Chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast Quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases， they say， may also， by coincidence， live in industrial areas， or eat more canned food. Gradually， however， research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health， cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However， nicotine(尼古丁)consumption is not diminished by the latter forms， and current research Indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco are claimed to made smoking to some extent safer， but they can only marginally reduce ，not eliminate， the hazards.
1. Male smoking are more affected by smoking than female ones because _____.
[A] Male smokers smoke more than female ones
[B] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by smoking
[C] Male smokers breath in the smoke deeper than female ones
[D] Male smokers are more likely to be affected by other factors in hormone environment
2. According to the passage，cigarette can do harm to all the following EXCEPT _____.
[A] lung
[B] mouth
[C] heart
[D] eye
3. The author's attitude towards smoking is _____.
[A] critical
[B] approving
[C] questioning
[D] subjective
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
[A] More and more research work believe the effect of cigarette smoking on health.
[B] Filters and low tar tobacco can not get rid of the hazard.
[C] Cigarette smiking has a greater effect on health than.
[D] All forms of tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health.
5. The authors purpose of writing the passage is to _____.
[A] offer advice on how to give up smoking
[B] explain the influence of cigarette smoking on health
[C] list the factors that can cause cancer
[D] compare the opinions on the effect of smoking
参考答案：C D A C B
The significance of trust is that it allows the parties involved in the relationship to indicate how they feel， what they behave， and where they disagree without fear of contradiction or reprisal(报复)。 Trusting relationship encourage people to disclose their plans and perceptions without hurting them selves or others. Hurt， whether real or imagined， is one of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with other human beings. In situations which you feel that the other person has the power and intent to hurt you， trust diminishes quickly. Thus a climate of distrust appears in your relations with others. Conversely， if I can say whatever comes to my mind without getting hurt， a climate of trust pervades the relationship. Trust is a perceptual phenomenon that evolves from our experiences with others. If trusting were so easy， we would not need to make such a point of its importance in human relationships. To say that a person should trust others is to diminish the difficulty of producing trust. In mutual relationships， both parties must be have toward one another in trusting ways. Even though it hurts in the pit of the stomach(心窝)， you must trust the other person and encourage him or her to say those things that demand a trusting response. No one likes to get hurt and few like to hurt others， especially not those others who are close to us in person-to-person relationships. We avoid expressing our true feelings lest we become the target of a revenging attack from the other person. If I indicate that I do not appreciate having you smoke in my car， I may love you as a friend or I may become the subject of ridicule for allowing little things like that to bother me. If that happens， I will be less open and less trusting of you the next time.
1. The significance of trues lies in the fact that _____.
[A] trust is not easy to reach between human beings
[B] trust allows people to say whatever comes to their minds
[C] one likes to get hurt
[D] few like to trust others
2. What will not happen if a person feeds he will be hurt by the other?
[A] Trust diminishes quickly.
[B] He will disclose his plans and perceptions.
[C] A climate of distrust pervades the relationship?
[D] One of the most harmful consequences of personal relationships with others appear.
3. Trust is a phenomenon that _____.
[A] results from our expericences with others
[B] comes from our perceptions
[C] may trust in the pit of the stomach
[D] none of the above
4. People avoid expressing their true feelings because _____.
[A] they become the target of revenging attack from others
[B] they are not so open and trusting others
[C] they do not want to become the target of revenging attack from others
[D] they do not want to lose friends
5. Implied but not stated _____.
[A] People usually do not like to trust those who are close to us
[B] People will usually get reprisal or ridicule for their trust
[C] If trust has been established，it will never disappear
[D] The negative response will usually result in the diminishing of trusting between persons
Every artist knows in his heart that he is saying something to the public. Not only does he want so say it well， but he wants it to be something which has not been said before. He hopes the public will listen and understand - he wants to teach them， and he wants them to learn from him. What visual artists like painters want to teach is easy to make out but difficult to explain， because painters translate their experiences into shapes and colors， not words. They seem to feel that a certain selection of shapes and colors， out of the countless billions possible， is exceptionally interesting for them and worth showing to us. Without their work we should never have noticed these particular shapes and colors， or have felt the delight which they brought to the artist. Most artists take their shapes and colors from the world of nature and from human bodies in motion and repose; their choices indicate that these aspects of the world are worth looking at， that they contain beautiful sights. Contemporary artists might say that they merely choose subjects that provide an interesting pattern， that there is nothing more in it. Yet even they do not choose entirely without reference to the character of their subjects. If one painter chooses to paint a gangrenous(生坏疽的) leg and another a lake in moonlight， each of them is directing our attention to a certain aspect of the world. Each painter is telling us something， showing us something， emphasizing something——all of which mean that， consciously or unconsciously， he is trying to teach us
1. All artists are common in that _____.
[A] they use shapes and colors instead of words
[B] they are trying to teach the public
[C] what they want to teach is difficult to explain
[D] they want to learn from the public
2. A painter chooses certain shapes and colors out of the countless billions possible because he believes they _____.
[A] are beautiful
[B] can bring delight to him
[C] are worth showing to the public
[D] are particular
3. Contemporary artists choose subjects _____.
[A] without reference to the character of their subjects
[B] that only provide an interesting pattern
[C] that there is no meaning in it
[D] partly for the meaning of the subjects
4. Comparing the painter who paints a gangrenous leg with the one who paints a lake in moonlight，we can draw the conclusion that _____.
[A] both convey the same meaning
[B] both show certain aspects of the world
[C] the latter is more meaningful
[D] the former is more meaningful
5. According to the passage，which of the follwoing statements is true?
[A] The public could share the artist's feelings through their choice of shapes and colors.
[B] The painter should not choose to paint ugly things.
[C] Contemporary artists are completely different from other artists.
[D] All artists are teaching the public consciously.
参考答案：B C B B A
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